团体心理辅导对改善大学生人际关系的效果

目的探讨团体心理辅导对改善大学生人际关系的效果。方法以校园广播、网络、海报等形式招募团体成员,采用人际关系综合诊断量表和人际信任量表筛选出24名学生,配对分为实验组和对照组各12人,对实验组进行为期6周,每周1次,每次2小时的团体心理辅导。在团体心理辅导结束后,对实验组和对照组进行后测。结果前测结果显示,实验组和对照组在人际关系综合诊断量表和人际信任量表上均无显著差异;后测结果显示,实验组和对照组在人际关系综合诊断量表上存在显著差异(t=-2.99,P0.01),人际信任量表上不存在显著差异;组内比较,实验组在人际关系综合诊断量表和人际信任量表前后测结果上均存在显著差异(t=6.97,P0.001;t=-3.28,P0.01),而对照组在人际关系综合诊断量表和人际信任量表前后测结果上均不存在显著差异。结论团体心理辅导是改善大学生人际关系的有效方式。     

元认知团体辅导对大学生心理和谐水平的干预效果

目的探讨元认知团体辅导对大学生心理和谐水平的干预效果,为提高大学生心理和谐水平提供参考依据。方法采用元认知团体辅导的方法对72名大学生进行干预,使用元认知问卷与心理和谐问卷进行干预前、干预后及干预1个月后的追踪测量,采用实验组控制组前后测加追踪研究的实验设计,验证团体辅导的效果。结果团体辅导前,实验组和控制组的元认知与心理和谐得分无显著差异;团体辅导后,实验组元认知与心理和谐得分均显著高于控制组(t=3.84,2.43,2.33,3.01,3.83,3.84,2.22,4.22;P0.05或0.01);追踪评估结果显示,团体辅导结束1个月后效果依然存在(t=3.19,2.20,2.15,2.46,3.84,4.43,2.19,4.27;P0.05或0.01)。结论元认知团体辅导能有效提高大学生心理和谐水平。     

团体心理辅导对失恋大学生心理弹性的干预

目的:考察团体心理辅导对失恋大学生心理弹性的干预效果。方法:依据心理弹性保护性因子的干预理念,借鉴多种流派的心理辅导技术设计团体心理辅导方案。通过面谈和量表筛选出24名失恋大学生,按照配对原则分为无显著差异的实验组(n=12)和对照组(n=12),对实验组进行7周,每周1次,每次2小时的团体心理辅导。用症状自评量表(SCL-90)的抑郁和焦虑分量表、心理弹性量表、自动思维问卷在团体心理辅导前后进行评估。结果:(1)组间比较,实验组和对照组在团体辅导前各量表评分差异无显著性(P0.05),团体辅导后,实验组和对照组在心理弹性量表、SCL-90分量表(抑郁、焦虑)和自动思维问卷得分差异显著(t=2.46,P0.05;t=-3.38,P0.01;t=-2.27,P0.05;t=-2.84,P0.01;);(2)组内比较,实验组在各量表前后测结果上均存在显著差异(P0.01),而对照组在各量表前后测结果上均不存在显著差异。结论:团体心理辅导可以有效地增强失恋大学生的心理弹性,改善其情绪困扰和负性自动思维。     

团体心理干预对贫困大学生心理资本的影响

目的:本研究根据Luthans的心理资本理论及干预模型,采用团体心理干预方式探究其对高校贫困大学生心理资本的辅导和干预效果。方法:研究采用教育实验法,设计实验组、对照组前后测实验,并使用心理资本问卷及症状自评量表(SCL-90)为测量工具。结果:1心理资本因子上,实验组与对照组后测结果差异显著(t=6.261,P0.001),实验组得分高于对照组;实验组前后测结果差异显著(t=-5.490,P0.001),心理资本后测得分高于前测;对照组前后测差异不显著;2在症状自评量表得分上,实验组后测得分显著低于对照组(t=-2.557,P0.05);实验组后测得分明显低于前测(t=5.214,P0.001);对照组实验前后测差异不显著(P0.05)。结论:以心理资本理论为基础设计的团体心理辅导干预方案能有效帮助贫困大学生提高心理资本水平。     

团体心理辅导对大一女生职业生涯规划的影响研究

目的探讨团体心理辅导对大一女生职业生涯规划的影响。方法选取56名大一女生为被试(实验组与对照组各28人),对实验组进行为期8周的团体心理辅导。结果辅导后,实验组成员在职业认识(t=3.42,P0.05)、规划认知(t=6.91,P0.001)2个维度上的得分显著高于辅导前;在职业认识(t=3.14,P0.05)、生涯定向(t=2.28,P0.05)、规划认知(t=6.44,P0.001)3个维度和总体均分(t=6.67,P0.001)上,实验组成员得分都高于或显著高于对照组得分。结论团体心理辅导是改善大一女生职业生涯规划状况的有效方法 。     

团体咨询对提高大学生心理韧性的作用

目的:探讨团体心理咨询在改善心理韧性方面的作用,探索有效的辅导方案。方法:对241名大一新生施测青少年心理韧性量表(HKRA)和正性负性情绪量表(PANAS),根据HKRA得分选取心理韧性高分组(n=40)、心理韧性低分组(n=40),其中低分组又分为低分实验组和低分对照组,选定F1、F6、F8、F9这4个心理韧性因子作为评价指标,对低分实验组被试者进行7周的辅导。训练结束后用HKRA和PANAS对低分组进行后测,比较干预前后心理韧性的变化,以及情绪方面的差异。结果:1高心理韧性组的PANAS积极情绪显著高于低心理韧性组(t=2.243,P0.05),消极情绪显著低于低心理韧性组(t=5.432,P0.01);HKRA总分与PANAS积极情绪显著正相关(r=0.359,P0.05),与消极情绪显著负相关(r=-0.301,P0.01);2干预后,实验组HKRA量表F1、F6、F8因子的分值显著高于干预前(t=8.951,7.522,6.439,P0.01),F9因子与干预前没有显著差异(t=0.484,P0.05);干预后,实验组的F1、F6、F8的分值显著高于对照组(t=2.173,2.503,2.494,P0.05),F9因子与对照组没有显著差异(t=0.565,P0.05);3干预后实验组的PANAS量表积极情绪显著高于干预前(t=2.240,P0.05),消极情绪显著低于干预前(t=2.578,P0.05);实验组积极情绪显著高于对照组(t=2.155,P0.05),消极情绪显著低于对照组(t=2.895,P0.01)。结论:1自编的团体辅导方案干预有效,可以提高大学生的心理韧性,并改善情绪,尤其是通过微信群完成课后作业并分享的形式受到欢迎;2团体咨询中的互助联盟是大学生心理韧性提高的关键;3心理韧性与积极、消极情绪显著相关,心理韧性的提高可以带来不良情绪的明显改善。     

朋辈团体心理辅导对大一学生职业生涯规划状况的干预

目的:探索朋辈团体心理辅导对大学生职业生涯规划状况的干预效果,从而提高大学生职业生涯规划能力,丰富朋辈团体心理辅导工作内容。方法:采用朋辈团体心理辅导,对黑龙江省某高校17名大一学生(实验组)进行共8次的职业生涯规划状况干预,同时设置控制组17人,处于自然的学习、生活状态,采用SPSS 19.0软件对两组的干预前、后数据进行比较。结果:实验组成员在朋辈团体心理辅导干预后的就业信心、职业认知、生涯定向、自我认知、规划认知5个维度的得分及总分均高于干预前(t=-8.00,-8.99,-4.29,-5.65,-8.93,-10.97;P均0.01);朋辈团体心理辅导干预后,实验组成员的就业信心、职业认知、生涯定向、自我认知、规划认知5个维度的得分及总分均高于对照组(t=9.92,8.89,8.24,6.34,9.81,11.52;P均0.01)。团体心理辅导活动评价表的结果显示,实验组成员在12个项目上的平均分都大于4,说明大多数成员对团体心理辅导持有积极的评价。结论:朋辈团体心理辅导能够显著改善大一学生的职业生涯规划状况。     

班级团体辅导在大学生心理健康教育课程中应用的实证研究

目的:进行班级团体辅导式心理健康教育的实证研究,考察班级团体心理辅导应用于心理健康教育课程的可行性与有效性。方法:采取随机整群(班)抽样,选取某医学院2个自然班作为研究对象,实验组24人、对照组24人,实验组进行6个单元的班级团体辅导,对照组不做干预,运用大学生人际关系诊断量表、自我和谐量表、青少年时间管理倾向量表及自编的团体辅导反馈表对辅导效果进行评估。结果:实验班的大学人际关系诊断量表、自我和谐量表、青少年时间管理倾向量表后测得分比对照班有显著性的改善(t=-6.789,-2.999,5.652;P0.01),同时实验班的人际关系诊断量表(t=7.507,P0.01)、自我和谐量表(t=13.801,P0.01)、青少年时间管理倾向量表(t=-13.192,P0.01)后测得分显著优于前测。结论:将班级式团体辅导应用于大学生心理健康教育课程中的方法具有很好的推广价值。     

医学院校研究生心理危机干预模式

目的:通过心理健康教育、团体心理辅导对研究生心理危机进行干预,研究健康教育-团体心理辅导干预模式对减少研究生心理危机的脆弱性,增加心理韧性的效果。方法:抽取在我校研究生心理危机调查中危机脆弱性分数大于15的学生40名,通过匹配分成实验组和对照组;实验组接受健康教育,然后进行8次团体心理辅导,对照组不做任何干预。结果:实验组与对照组在危机脆弱性的后测中有显著差异(t=-8.31,P0.01),同时心理韧性也有显著增加(t=-2.62,P0.05)。结论:健康教育-团体心理辅导干预模式对医学院校研究生心理危机脆弱性的降低和心理韧性的增加具有明显的效果。     

团体心理辅导对大一新生人际容纳的影响

目的探讨团体心理辅导对大一新生人际容纳的影响。方法从某师范院校新生中随机选择两个班作为实验组和对照组各50人,对实验组进行7次团体心理辅导,采用容纳他人量表和UCLA孤独量表进行前后测,以前后测结果的对照作为干预效果指标。结果团体心理辅导后,实验组的人际容纳水平显著高于对照组(t=2.10,P0.05);实验组中,低容纳组和中间组的团体辅导效果优于高容纳组;实验组的孤独水平低于对照组(t=-5.83,P0.001)。结论团体心理辅导能有效促进大一新生的人际容纳。     

Predictors of doctoral student success in professional psychology: characteristics of students, programs, and universities

In the face of the rising number of doctoral recipients in professional psychology, many have voiced concerns about the quality of nontraditional training programs. Past research suggests that, on a variety of outcomes, graduates from clinical PhD programs outperform graduates from clinical PsyD and, to a lesser extent, counseling PhD programs. We examine an aggregate archival dataset to determine whether student or university characteristics account for the differences in outcomes among programs. The data show meaningful differences in the outcomes of clinical PhD, PsyD, and counseling PhD programs. Furthermore, graduates from research-intensive universities perform better on the psychology licensure exam and are more likely to become American Board of Professional Psychology diplomates. The available data support the notion that the ability to conduct research is an essential component of graduate education. In this light, PsyD programs represent a unique opportunity to train students in the types of evaluation and outcomes assessments used by practicing psychologists. We discuss implications for graduate-level training in professional psychology.     

Pediatric Psychology Training: An Analysis of Graduate, Internship, and Postdoctoral Programs

The field of pediatric psychology is in the early stages offormulating its own identity relative to other areas, such asclinical child and health psychology. This paper complementsother recent efforts to delineate training practices and guidelines.Questionnaires regarding doctoral, internship, and postdoctoraltraining experiences were obtained from 89% of the membershipof the Society of Pediatric Psychology. From this information,rankings of the most commonly attended programs at each traininglevel were derived. Some overlap was apparent between doctoralprograms that were conducive to training in pediatric and clinicalchild psychology; however, differences between programs in theseareas also were noted. The most commonly attended internshipand postdoctoral settings were those in major medical centersor children's hospitals. Suggestions for investigating the currentstatus of predoctoral, internship, and postdoctoral programsthat may be facilitative of training in pediatric psychologyare discussed.     

本土心理学与心理学研究的中国化

本土心理学是20世纪80年代中后期出现的一种研究取向。一些非欧美国家特别是发展中国家的心理学者开始在理论和应用方面致力于本土心理学的研究。本土心理学具有研究的独立化和自由化．文化契合性和研究的人文性三个基本特征。中国的本土心理学是世界本土心理学的一个重要组成部分，是心理学的中国化，是建立符合中国国情的心理学。     

Social history of health psychology: context and textbooks

Health psychology as a field of research and practice formally developed 30 years ago but it was prefigured by sustained debate within social and applied psychology about the nature of psychology and its role in society. This article considers this pre-history of health psychology and how the field has subsequently developed. It considers how its character is shaped by dominant ideas within psychology and is also enmeshed in broader social relations. To illustrate the changing character of health psychology it considers how the field is represented in a selection of popular textbooks. It concludes by considering the growth of some critical approaches within health psychology.     

临床心理学领域积极功能评估研究进展

伴随着积极心理学运动的兴起,国际临床心理学评估领域目前也逐渐开始关注积极功能评估。本文就近年开发的积极功能评估问卷进行简要回顾,以推动国内同行对积极功能评估的重视。     

Problems With Nomenclature of Specialty Training and Practice and Disclosure of Information Within Clinical Psychology

This commentary responds to Perry and Boccaccini (2009) by extending implications of the findings to nomenclature about specialties and specialty training, standardizing website information, and truth in advertising about clinical training programs.     

Clinical psychology students' perceptions of diversity training: a study of exposure and satisfaction

This study examined clinical psychology graduate students' definitions of diversity and their perceptions of their exposure to and satisfaction regarding their level of diversity training. Four hundred and ninety‐one students from Counsel of University Directors of Clinical Psychology (CUDCP) member programs completed an online survey. Overall, students perceived that their programs considered diversity narrowly, concentrating primarily on ethnicity, race, and culture to the neglect of sexual orientation, religion, language, and physical disability. Likewise, students expressed greater satisfaction with training regarding ethnicity/race and gender than broader areas of diversity, but rated the importance of addressing all areas of diversity as high. Although this study underscores the limited experience that students perceive they have had with various underrepresented groups, programs appear to have incorporated a variety of diversity training modalities that could be expanded upon to meet the interests of psychology students. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–15, 2009.     

Preparing for 2070: Reflections from the Journal of Community Psychology's initial decade: Pathways to community psychology's continuing maturation

This virtual monograph celebrates the 50 th anniversary of the Journal of Community Psychology (JoCP) by reprinting selected commentaries and peer-reviewed papers from JoCP's initial decade. Selected articles focused on the originating goals and priorities of the discipline of community psychology. Each article is followed by reflections. The monograph final section challenges contemporary discipline leaders to identify goals for the coming decades and milestones for measuring progress in their achievement.     

美国积极临床心理学的研究现状

目的 本文旨在对美国积极临床心理学的研究现状进行概要的介绍与评述。方法通过对近几年来美国积极心理学文献资料的回顾,提炼并分析在积极心理学范式下有关临床心理学的新主张。结果 美国积极临床心理学将日益关注以人类力量与美德为取向的病因学及干预体系研究,借鉴DSM建立的力量与美德分类目录以及编制的调查问卷已初具规模,但也面临着一些挑战。结论 构建以力量与美德为核心取向的积极临床心理学模式,将成为传统临床心理学的有益补充。中国传统文化中包含着深划的心性修养理念,在美国开展的积极临床心理学研究,也将为我国的相关研究带来有益的启示与借鉴。     

学习医学心理学对医学生心理健康的影响

为了解学习医学心理学课程对医学生心理健康的影响，采用症状自评量表（SCL－90）、Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、Zung氏抑郁自评量表（SDS）分别于医学心理学开课前和3个月学习结束对学生进行测评，结果发现：学习后医学生心理健康水平明显提高，表现为：学习结束时SDS评分、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、敌对和偏执因子分均较学习前显著下降。提示：学习医学心理学可以促进医学生心理健康。