特新蚤指名亚种传播鼠疫的媒介效能实验研究

在温度１９℃，相对湿度８０±５％条件下，对特新蚤指名亚种进行信群叮咬、单蚤传播能力及菌栓形成等实验研究。集群叮咬大绒鼠１０组，全部动物于７天内特异性死亡。单蚤传播实验的感染潜能为０．９７，栓塞潜能０．５５，传播潜能０．６３，栓塞存活潜能０．２３，媒介效能０．３４，媒介指数０．０８。结合疫源地动物流行病学分析认为，特新蚤指名亚种在云南省野鼠鼠疫疫源地中的传播媒介地位成立，对鼠疫菌种群在本疫源地内的延     

方叶栉眼蚤嗜血性、寿命及体重的观察

用实验室饲养的方叶栉眼蚤，在室温环境下叮咬６位自愿者前臂的观察显示，在饥饿后第１和第２大的吸血率仅为１．１％（１／９０），表明该蚤对人的嗜血能力较差，基本不叮吸人血。在温度１８±１℃，相对湿度８０±５％的条件下，饥饿幼龄蚤寿命为７．８５（２～１３）ｄ，成龄蚤６．９５（６～８）ｄ；吸血蚤寿命４８．１８（６～８４）ｄ。新羽化蚤体重０．２６８±０．０６６ｍｇ，吸血后成蚤体重０．３８３±０．０５８ｍｇ。吸血鼠雌蚤为０．１１５１ｍｇ（０．０００１０７ｍｌ），雄蚤为０．１２３ｍｇ（０．０００１１４ｍｌ）。     

非鼠疫疫区似升额蚤指名亚种和宽新蚤保菌时间的实验研究

非鼠疫疫区长尾黄鼠寄生蚤似升额蚤指名亚种和宽新蚤感染鼠疫菌后，在２０￣２３℃，８０％￣９０％ＲＨ条件下，持续用小白鼠供血，其保菌时间不超过３０ｄ，与鼠疫疫区的这两种蚤有十分明显的差异。     

秃病蚤指名亚种的人工饲养及生活史观察

秃病蚤指名亚种(Nosopsyllus lacviceps lacviceps)是子午沙鼠的主要寄生蚤。在温度21±0.5℃,相对湿度80～90％条件下,用小白鼠饲养,整个生活周期最短21天,最长47天。产卵期长达70多天,第10～30天为产卵高峰,第20～30天所产的卵成活率最高,从卵到成虫的周期成活率为51％。在全日供血条件下♂最短寿命为19天,♀最长达90天以上。不供血时寿命最短为8天,最长为12天。雌雄性比为1.12∶1。     

首次自直缘双蚤指名亚种体内检出鼠疫菌

20 0 1年在青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地的调查过程中 ,于 7月 2 0日首次从一只直缘双蚤指名亚种 Amphipsylla tuta tuta(Wagner,192 8)体分离出鼠疫菌 Yersinia pestis。该蚤种采自青海省称多县珍秦乡一自毙青海田鼠 Microtus fuscus窝巢。截至目前全世界已发现感染 (包括自然感染和实验感染 )鼠疫菌的蚤类有 2 0 0余种 (亚种 ) ,我国已发现自然感染蚤近 5 0种 (亚种 ) ;直缘双蚤指名亚种隶属于蚤目 Siphonaptera细蚤科 L ep-topsyllidae双蚤亚科 Amphipsyllinae双蚤属 Amphipsylla。直缘双蚤指名亚种为青藏高原特有种 ,现仅知其分布青海省…     

中国六齿细蚤雌性和腹窦纤蚤指名亚种的描述及讨论

描述了中国蚤类新纪录六齿细蚤雌性（Leptopsylla(L.)sexdentat1♀）和腹窦纤蚤指名亚种（Rhadinopsylla (Ralipsylla)li li)的形态;讨论了腹窦纤蚤亚种的分类,按雄性特征和地理分布,浅短亚种（R.(R.)li murium)可能是深广亚种（R.(R.)ventricosa）的变异。     

塔里木盆地同型客蚤指名亚种鼠疫菌感染试验

目的确证塔里木盆地同型客蚤指名亚种(Xenopsylla conformis conformis)的媒介能力.方法按业已通用的程序和技术.结果经实验证实该蚤的鼠疫菌感染率是83.33%,菌栓率为16.75%.用1～2只菌栓蚤叮咬子午沙鼠 (Meriones meridianus),只能使宿主产生低下的血清学反应.结论通过对塔里木盆地同型客蚤指名亚种鼠疫菌感染率、菌栓率、菌栓蚤传病能力及该蚤在子午沙鼠的体蚤指数等因素分析,表明该蚤在塔里木盆地实际上不具备促成子午沙鼠鼠疫流行的传播能力.     

白纹伊蚊吸血特性的观察

用云南白纹伊蚊建立的实验种群，进行了吸血特性的观察。结果表明，白纹伊蚊具有再次吸血的特性，第一次吸血后６－７天再次吸血率高达１００％。每只蚊虫平均吸血量为１．３５７０－１．４８２０ｍｇ。吸血温度在１５－４０℃之间，最适吸血湿度－３０℃。每次吸血所需时间２－１９分种。     

曲棘新蚤生活史的实验室观察

目的观察曲棘新蚤在实验室的生活史.方法 2001年6月下旬,作者在和田县昆仑山山地捕获的灰仓鼠(Cricetulus migratorius)体上采得曲棘新蚤(Neopsylla teratura Rothschild,1913),带回实验室以小白鼠为供血动物进行人工饲养,7～9月在室温18～25℃,RH 72%～88%条件下,采用在基础中饲养和幼期全平皿培养法观察了曲棘新蚤的生活史.结果卵期3～5d,幼虫期17～21d(1龄5～6d,2龄4～5d,3龄8～10d),蛹期11～13d,子代成虫自羽出置宿主体至产卵需经9～12d.结论曲棘新蚤亲代从卵的产出到子代成虫产卵,完成一个生活周期共历经40～51d.     

盐酸决奈达隆对家兔体重和甲状腺功能及肝功能的影响

目的研究决奈达隆不同剂量对家兔体重、甲状腺功能及肝功能的影响,探讨其安全性。方法选择新西兰兔27只,随机分为对照组（n=7）,决奈达隆低剂量组[n=9,50mg/（kg^-1·d^-1）,LDR],决奈达隆高剂量组[n=11,100mg/（kg^-1·d^-1）,HDR],专业灌胃器灌胃每日一次,对照组给予等量生理盐水,4周后,观察家兔一般状况、体重,耳缘静脉取血测总T4,总T3,丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GGT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）。结果 LDR组及HDR组各出现2例体重负增长,但三组之间体重增长无差异,三组ALT水平分别为：（20.43±4.23）IU/L,（21.67±5.07）IU/L和（36.82±18.00）IU/L,HDR与对照组之间存在统计学意义（P〈0.05）,与LDR以及LDR与对照组之间无统计学意义;三组ALP水平分别为（143.14±50.9）IU/L,（109.22±38.6）IU/L和（153.82±40.55）IU/L,HDR与LDR之间存在统计学意义（P〈0.01）,三组间T3,T4,T4/T3,AST,γ-GGT水平均无统计学意义,剂量水平和T3、T4、ALT水平无相关性。结论在家兔模型中决奈达隆高剂量组可导致轻度ALT水平异常,可能抑制体重增长,但对甲状腺功能无明显影响。     

Familial Resemblance of Blood Pressure and Body Weight

Familial resemblance of blood pressure (BP) was studied in 545 families of which 370 included natural children, 24 adopted children and 151 both natural and adopted children. Mean values of four automatic BP measurements (Dinamap 845) were converted into age (adult) or height (children) and sex adjusted scores. BP was compared between parents and randomly chosen index children. A significant resemblance of BP was observed between natural children and their parents: r = 0.24 for systolic BP, r = 0.29 for diastolic BP, (n = 272 p > 0.05). BP of adopted children did not resemble that of their foster parents except for a significant correlation to BP of the adopting mothers (n = 46). Weight, heart rate, age and time of common life shared did not influence the results. The relative contribution of genetic and common environmental factors to BP correlation between family members could not be evaluated in this study. BP of children whose parents have high BP should be monitored regularly.     

Patterns and Associations of Body Weight Among Older Adults in Two Asian Societies

Body weight has important health implications across the lifespan. Most recent attention has focused on the obesity epidemic that is occurring in many parts of the world. However, underweight is also a concern, particularly in less developed countries. For most health outcomes there is a curvilinear association with body weight, with underweight and overweight (compared to normal weight) being associated with a higher prevalence of chronic debilitating and life-threatening conditions and ultimately mortality. This paper uses data from two nationally-representative surveys of older adults (aged 60 and older) in the Philippines (1996) and Taiwan (1999) to assess the prevalence of underweight and overweight and examine associations between body weight and demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics in these populations. Older Filipinos have a modest prevalence of underweight (29.9%) and low prevalence of overweight (12.2%), whereas the reverse is observed in Taiwan (6.4 and 29.3%, respectively). Results show generally expected associations between body weight and demographic characteristics, health conditions and behaviors. We find little evidence of socioeconomic differences in body weight, except in the Philippines where higher SES is associated with a lower risk of being underweight. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of healthy weight maintenance among critical subgroups to potentially reduce the prevalence of disease and improve quality of life.     

北京市石景山区人群血浆抵抗素浓度变化与同期体重变化的关系

目的:探讨北京市石景山区人群血浆抵抗素浓度变化与同期体重变化的关系。方法:选取我们2005年和2010年两次在北京市石景山区调查的同一人群,心血管病危险因素资料完整的研究对象943例,其中男316例,女627例,男性平均年龄为(58.2±8.5)岁,女性平均年龄为(59.3±7.5)岁。按照两次调查测定血浆抵抗素浓度变化的4分位数将943例研究对象分为:≤-0.66 mmol/L组(n=239)、-0.67~0.25 mmol/L组(n=233)、0.26~1.24 mmol/L组(n=235)和≥1.25 mmol/L组(n=236)。运用Pearson相关及多元线性回归等统计学方法,分析血浆抵抗素浓度变化与同期的体重变化指标之间的关系。结果:单因素相关分析显示,女性血浆抵抗素浓度变化与体重变化百分比、体重指数变化量及其变化百分比、腰围变化量及其变化百分比均显著相关(相关系数分别为0.1173、0.1521、0.1412、0.1228、0.1057,P均0.05),男性均不显著(P均0.05)。多元线性回归分析:在调整基线变量因素后,女性血浆抵抗素浓度变化与体重变化量及其变化百分比、体重指数变化量及其变化百分比、腰围变化量及其变化百分比均显著相关(回归系数分别为0.0261与0.2916、0.2157与0.3072和0.0532与0.2738,P均0.05),男性均不显著(P均0.05)。结论:女性血浆抵抗素浓度的变化与同期体重变化之间存在显著相关,而男性相关不显著。     

Relationship Between Total Body Adiposity Assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry,Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Young Thai Adults

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare body fat distribution using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in young adult subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) with those without MS and also to determine whether a significant association existed between total body fat mass (FM) and MS along with the effect of birth weight.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 393 young adult subjects (175 male, 218 female). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose levels were determined. Total body FM, lean mass (LM) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were assessed by DXA. Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used for the diagnosis of MS.Results: The prevalence of MS was 5.6% among this group of young adult subjects aged 18.5-21.8 years. Subjects with MS (n=22) had significantly higher values for weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, %BF, total body FM, total body LM, and regional FM and LM. There was no statistically significant difference in bone mineral density between the two groups. There was also no association between birth weight and MS. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that every 5 kg of total body FM (OR 1.68; 95%CI 1.06-2.66) adjusted for gender, birth weight status, and total body LM were significantly associated with MS.Conclusion: Total body FM measured by DXA was related to MS in Thai young adults. Thus, body composition analysis might have a role in the identification of subjects with MS status.Conflict of interest:None declared.     

孕期营养支持指导在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用及对体重和营养状态的影响研究

目的研究分析孕期营养支持指导在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用及对体重和营养状态的影响。方法选择2019年3月—2020年6月该院收治妊娠期糖尿病患者86例,按照双色球分组法分组,分别给予孕期营养支持指导(观察组,n=43)、常规干预指导(常规组,n=43),对比两组指导效果。结果观察组患者妊娠12~24周、妊娠24~36周、妊娠36至生产前的体重增加情况(3.90±1.14)、(4.82±1.57)、(2.00±1.23)kg与常规组(7.33±1.43)、(5.69±1.35)、(3.15±1.37)kg比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的蛋白质、维生素C、铁、钙摄入量(15.68±4.31)、(49.78±3.92)、(9.92±3.26)、(586.23±125.44)g均大于常规组(6.70±3.98)、(42.11±3.87)、(5.79±2.93)、(410.22±140.23)g,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的不良妊娠结局(胎膜早破、产褥期感染、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、早产)发生率9.3%小于常规组30.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论妊娠期糖尿病确诊后实施孕期营养支持指导,可合理控制孕期体重增长幅度,增加营养物质的摄入量,改善机体状态,减少不良妊娠结局的发生,具有显著的应用价值。