汶川大地震后甘肃陇南等灾区人群焦虑状况调查分析

目的了解甘肃陇南等地震重灾区人群焦虑症发生情况及影响因素。方法采用焦虑自评量表评定入选人群,并按年龄、性别、收入等因素对研究组人群焦虑发生率进行统计分析,计算SAS分值。结果甘肃陇南地震重灾区焦虑发生率明显高于对照地区,不同年龄、性别、收入人群焦虑发生率不同。结论地震对人们心理健康有较大影响,年龄、性别和收入情况与焦虑发生率有关联。     

FD和IBS病人中抑郁、焦虑患病率及其影响因素

目的：了解综合医院门诊功能性消化不良（functional dyspepsia，FD）和肠易激综合征（irritable bowel syndrome，IBS）患者中抑郁症、焦虑症的息病率；探讨其可能的危险因素。方法：调查成都市三家综合医院内FD和IBS门诊患者；对医院焦虑抑郁量表（HAD）评分≥9分的患者由精神科医生使用Hamilton量表进一步确诊。使用SPSS12．0和SAS8．0软件分析结果。结果：调查病例208例，男性75例，女性133例。其中FD患者100例，IBS患者108例。焦虑或抑郁的患病率25．48％，其中单纯抑郁患病率19．71％，单纯焦虑患病率22．12％，抑郁合并焦虑的患病率16．35％。可能的危险因素有：伴随有其它器质性疾病、发生生活事件、自觉目前健康状况差，离婚、丧偶或分居及中壮年人群，其OR值分别为2．590，2．782，4．096，3．569和3．877。结论：FD和IBS病人中抑郁症、焦虑症的患病率高，抑郁症和焦虑症共病率高；伴随有其它器质性疾病、发生生活事件、自觉目前健康状况差、离婚、丧偶或分居以及中壮年人群是可能的危险因素。     

哈尔滨市留守与非留守小学生焦虑、抑郁和共患情况及其影响因素调查

目的 了解城市留守小学生与非留守小学生焦虑、抑郁和焦虑抑郁共患状况,并研究监护人焦虑、抑郁,亲子依恋,生活质量和安全感对其的影响。 方法 2016年6-9月选取前期初筛的城市留守儿童89人,并按1∶1配对设立对照组,对两组进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括:一般情况、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁量表、儿童焦虑和抑郁问卷、儿少主观生活质量问卷、亲子依恋量表、安全感量表、家长焦虑自评问卷、家长抑郁自评问卷。 结果 1)留守组和对照组小学生焦虑检出率(43.2% vs.32.1%,χ²=2.023,P=0.155)、共患检出率(22.2% vs. 17.3%,χ²=0.314,P=0.575)比较差异都无统计学意义。留守组和对照组小学生抑郁检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(25.9% vs. 13.6%,χ²=6.261,P=0.012)。2)留守组小学生焦虑、抑郁和共患与家庭生活、同伴交往、学校生活、躯体情感、认知成分、情感成分呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),同时焦虑和抑郁还与人际安全感和确定控制感呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);对照组小学生的焦虑、抑郁和共患均与同伴交往、学校生活、躯体情感、认知成分和情感成分、人际安全感、确定控制感呈负相关(P＜0.05),除此之外焦虑和抑郁分别与学校生活和家庭生活呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)。3)留守组小学生情感成分对焦虑、抑郁和共患的回归系数分别为-0.42、-0.173、-0.515;对照组小学生,情感成分对抑郁和共患的回归系数分别为-0.134、-3.252,学校生活对共患的回归系数为-3.998。 结论 城市留守小学生的焦虑、抑郁和共患情况较非留守小学生严重,生活质量、亲子依恋、安全感等均会对其产生一定影响,应引起广泛关注。     

大学生焦虑与功能失调性态度在应激生活事件与攻击性间的中介和调节作用

考察大学生焦虑与功能失调性态度在应激生活事件与攻击性之间的中介效应与调节效应,为预防大学生攻击行为提供参考.方法 采用贝克焦虑量表、功能失调性态度量表、青少年生活事件量表、Buss和Perry攻击问卷中文版的量表对山东省内12所高校991名在校本科生进行现场问卷调查,中介和调节效应检验基于Hayes的方法.结果 不同性别大学生攻击性得分差异有统计学意义(Z=15.903,P<0.01).控制性别因素时,焦虑情绪和功能失调性态度在应激生活事件和攻击性之间起部分中介作用,经由焦虑情绪产生的标准化间接效应为0.09,经由功能失调性态度产生的标准化间接效应为0.11(P值均<0.01).焦虑情绪调节应激生活事件和攻击性之间的关系(△R2=0.010,P<0.01).结论 焦虑情绪和功能失调性态度在预防攻击性的产生中起到了重要的作用.在探究应激生活事件对个体攻击性影响中,应考虑加入情绪和认知因素.     

江西省社区老年人焦虑情绪状况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨江西省社区老年人的焦虑情绪状况及其影响因素。方法 采用二阶段整群取样的方法在江西省选取800名社区老年人,运用焦虑自评量表（SAS）进行问卷调查,运用χ2检验、多因素Logistic回归分析对焦虑情绪的检出及影响因素进行统计分析。结果 回收有效问卷758份,有效率94.75%;江西省社区老年人SAS总均分为(35.63±10.27)分,焦虑情绪的检出率为25.2%;多因素logistic回归分析显示,经济状况好、认知能力正常、社会支持水平高是焦虑情绪发生的保护因素,而女性、日常生活能力下降、睡眠质量差是焦虑情绪发生的危险因素。结论 江西省社区老年人的焦虑情绪普遍存在,且受多种因素的共同影响。     

深圳部分青少年焦虑情绪与生活事件的相关性研究

[目的]了解深圳部分青少年焦虑状况,探讨焦虑与具体生活事件的关系。[方法]采用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表和青少年生活事件量表对956名中学生进行问卷调查。[结果]焦虑症状筛查阳性率为26.67%,女性筛查阳性率较高,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);躯体化/惊恐、广泛性焦虑、分离性焦虑、学校恐怖分量表得分及总分得分女童高于男童,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。与常模比较,躯体化/惊恐、广泛性焦虑、社交恐怖、学校恐怖及总分得分高于常模组,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。生活事件量表与焦虑有显著相关;学习压力、人际关系2个因子,不喜欢上学、意外惊吓/事故、家庭经济困难、家庭施加学习压力、被罚款、生活习惯明显变化等6个项目进入了对焦虑的多元逐步回归方程,对焦虑的预测作用较大。[结论]深圳部分青少年的焦虑情绪明显高于内地,考虑与所处的生存环境有关;焦虑情绪与中学生生活事件存在广泛的显著相关关系。     

Stress and psychological well-being among allied health professionals

This study reports findings of an online survey of 139 health professionals. Health professionals were asked about the degree and type of workplace stress they encountered, as well as general perceived stress, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. The sample comprised social workers, psychologists, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, speech pathologists, and a small number of other allied health professionals. The allied health professional groups were remarkably similar in terms of workplace stress, life satisfaction, perceived stress outside the workplace, and the depression, anxiety, and stress subscales of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. There were no significant differences in these variables between those working in hospital and community settings. Compared with expectations based on normative data, more people in the present sample had Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale depression scores in the mild, moderate, severe, or very severe range. The single significant predictor of psychological distress and life satisfaction was perceived stress. In the context of an increasingly generic health care workforce, the present findings indicate that workplace stressors are also generic and that generic, interdisciplinary stress management approaches may therefore be recommended.     

Anxiety and depression in migraine.

The present study examined the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression among people with migraine. To obtain a spectrum of migraine experience two potentially different samples were identified: over 600 patients attending migraine clinics and 87 migraine sufferers in the general population. International Headache Society criteria were used to establish the diagnosis of migraine. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and studies using this scale in other patient groups were identified for comparison. Approximately 50% of subjects experienced anxiety and 20% experienced depression, rates which were consistent across the two study groups. This prevalence of psychological morbidity is unexpectedly high and comparable to that measured in patients with other diseases. There is no evidence that it is correlated with frequency of migraine attacks. Anxiety and depression are common among people with migraine and remain largely unrecognized. Future studies should identify contributory factors.     

Labor force activity among Australians with musculoskeletal disorders comorbid with depression and anxiety disorders

Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are a leading cause of work-related disability. This investigation explored the impact of MSD comorbid with depression and anxiety disorders, on labor force activity. Methods: The Australian Bureau of Statistics provided confidentialized data files collected from a household sample of 37,580 people. MSD, affective, and anxiety disorders were identified and employment restrictions were assessed at four levels of severity. Results: Anxiety and depression of six months duration was present in 12.1% of people with MSD. Comorbidity magnified the negative impacts of single conditions on labor force activity. Most at risk were people with back problems and comorbid depression, people with arthritis or other MSD and comorbid anxiety, males with MSD and comorbid depression, and females with MSD and comorbid anxiety. Conclusions: The results suggest that the occupational rehabilitation needs of people with MSD comorbid with depression or anxiety may currently be underestimated.     

50例耳鼻喉住院患者的焦虑状态调查及护理策略

目的通过对耳鼻喉患者的焦虑状态调奄,探讨临床有效地护理措施。方法采用焦虑状态调查问卷（STAI）对本科室收治的50例耳鼻喉患者进行调查。结果观察组男性与女性STAI量表评分情况的比较,差异无统计学意义。正常对照组男性与女忡STAI量表评分情况的比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。观察组与正常对照组STAI量表评分情况的比较,差异有统计“学意义（P〈0．01）。结论耳鼻喉科患者焦虑程度与性别无关,而与耳鼻喉疾病密切相关,护理服务应爆量从具体环节来改善患者的焦虑状态,从而提高患者的治疗依从性和生活质量。     

反复呼吸道感染学龄前儿童父母焦虑情况分析

目的:分析反复呼吸道感染学龄前儿童父母的焦虑情况。方法:在5所幼儿园选择4～5岁反复呼吸道感染学龄前儿童父母各145例为观察组,同龄健康儿童父母各244例为对照组,采用《汉密顿焦虑量表》对儿童父母进行焦虑症状的评定。结果:观察组焦虑症状检出率、焦虑症状得分与对照组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组儿童父亲与母亲的焦虑症状检出率、焦虑症状得分比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);父母焦虑症状与文化程度、家庭关系、经济状况等没有明显相关性。结论:反复呼吸道感染学龄前儿童父母的焦虑症状比正常儿童父母严重,而且儿童母亲的焦虑症状更为明显和广泛;父母的焦虑症状与文化程度、家庭关系、经济状况等无明显关系。     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者心理状态分析及护理干预

目的了解睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者（sleep apnea syndrome,SAS）心理状态,并提出对应护理干预。方法对140例经全夜多导睡眠图（PSG）检查的患者,根据呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）≥5次/小时将113例分为研究组,AHI〈5次/小时将27例分为对照组,分别对其进行抑郁、焦虑自评量表调查,比较各组指标差异。结果研究组抑郁症状发生率48.7%,明显高于对照组（χ2=8.90,P〈0.01）,研究组焦虑症状发生率33.6%,明显高于对照组（χ2=3.90,P〈0.05）,研究组SDS标准分的平均分（46.71±12.92）,明显高于对照组（t=3.09,P〈0.05）,研究组SAS标准分的平均分（42.35±10.30）,明显高于对照组（t=2.21,P〈0.05）。结论睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者存在合并抑郁症或焦虑症的趋势,对此应采取适当的护理。     

脑梗死后精神障碍的出现与梗死灶的关系

目的：了解脑梗死患者梗死灶部位与恢复期出现焦虑、抑郁情绪的相互关系。方法：用汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）对120例CT或MRI明确梗死灶的脑梗死患者进行临床精神状况调查,并与正常人群对照,研究卒中后精神障碍发生的概率和梗死灶的数量及所在部位的关系。结果：脑梗死后患者精神障碍的发生率大大增加。结论：梗死灶的数量与梗死后的精神障碍发生率有关。     

Adaptive function and correlates of anxiety during a pandemic

Background and objectivesMost studies to date have focused on the negative aspects of anxiety. Anxiety, however, is an evolved emotional response that can provide protection in the face of risk. Pandemics are characterized by increased mortality risk coupled with future uncertainties, which both cause heightened anxiety. Here, we examine the factors associated with anxiety levels and risk avoidance behaviours during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We asked how individual time perspectives (future-oriented consideration and attention to present moment experience) affect anxiety in uncertain times, and whether anxiety reduces mortality risk by promoting risk avoidance behaviour.MethodologyWe conducted an online survey in the UK (N = 1088) and Turkey (N = 3935) and measured participants’ generalized and pandemic-related anxiety levels, future-oriented consideration, mindfulness, intolerance of uncertainty, risk perception and risk avoidance behaviours.ResultsWe found that people less tolerant of uncertainties had higher levels of pandemic anxiety. Those with higher pandemic anxiety exhibited risk avoidance behaviours more frequently. Mindfulness and increased financial satisfaction reduced pandemic anxiety. People in Turkey reported higher levels of generalized and pandemic anxiety and greater engagement in risk avoidance behaviours than people in the UK.Conclusions and implicationsOur study shows an elevated anxiety response can help mitigate infection risk during pandemics and emphasizes the importance of the underlying situation in understanding whether an anxiety response is adaptive or pathological. Maintaining a healthy level of anxiety can promote engagement in protective behaviours. Therapies addressing anxiety can focus on increasing tolerance to future uncertainties.Lay summaryAnxiety is an emotional response triggered in the anticipation of a possible threat. We found that intolerance of uncertainty strongly predicted anxiety and that people with elevated anxiety levels engaged in protective behaviours more frequently during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that anxiety can help mitigate mortality risk.     

短程结构式游戏治疗对社交焦虑儿童的干预研究

目的 探讨对社交焦虑儿童进行短程结构式游戏治疗的疗效,为社交焦虑儿童的干预提供依据。方法 将23名社交焦虑儿童随机分为实验组(n=12)和对照组(n=11),对实验组儿童给予10次短程结构式游戏治疗进行干预,采用儿童社交焦虑量表(Social Anxiety Scale for Children,SASC)、心理健康诊断测验(Mental Health Test ,MHT)、儿少主观生活质量问卷(Inventory of Subjective Life Quality,ISLQ)进行疗效评估。 结果 治疗后,实验组儿童在SASC量表各因子分和总分均明显低于对照组儿童(P<0.01);在MHT量表的学习焦虑、对人焦虑、孤独倾向、自责倾向、过敏倾向、身体症状、冲动倾向得分和总分均低于对照组(P<0.01或<0.05);在ISLQ的同伴交往、学校生活、焦虑体验维度得分和总分均高于对照组(P<0.01或<0.05)。 结论 短程结构式游戏治疗对社交焦虑儿童的近期疗效肯定。     

中专女生生活事件、应对方式与抑郁、焦虑情绪的关系

目的了解中专女生生活事件发生率、应激强度以及应对方式与抑郁、焦虑症状的关系和相互作用，为加强中专学生心理卫生教育提供科学依据。方法对某市2所中专学校1602名在校女生进行无记名问卷调查。焦虑、抑郁症状的评定采用Zung编制的焦虑自评量表（SAS）和流调中心用抑郁自评量表（CES—D），生活事件评定采用青少年自评生活事件量表（ASLES），应对方式采用特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）进行评定。结果中专女生抑郁症状检出率为32．46％，焦虑症状检出率为13．92％。较常发生的生活事件为人际关系、学习压力和健康适应方面的问题，有明显抑郁、焦虑症状女生的生活事件应激强度明显高于无明显症状者，其积极应对较少而消极应对的倾向大。应激量高、消极应对水平高的女生抑郁与焦虑症状共存的检出率高。高年级、积极应对是抑郁症状的保护因素，消极应对是抑郁、焦虑症状的危险因素。结论中专女生抑郁、焦虑发生情况不容乐观，负性生活事件发生频度较大，生活事件、应对方式和负性情绪之间存在统计学关联。     

术前心理干预对择期骨科手术患者焦虑情绪的影响

目的 探讨术前心理干预对骨科手术患者焦虑情绪的影响。方法 按照单双日住院,将骨科患者分为实验组和对照组,每组各53人。对照组接受常规术前访视,实验组在此基础上实施术前心理干预。对2组患者干预前后应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）实施测评,并对焦虑评分。结果 实验组通过心理干预后术前焦虑评分为28.45±4.25,对照组术前焦虑评分为37.22±8.58,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。实验组不同手术部位的患者术前焦虑评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 采用术前心理干预,可以明显减轻患者的焦虑情绪,保证手术顺利进行,有利于病人术后早日康复。     

个性化护理对老年性白内障患者术后情绪和生活质量的影响

目的：探讨个性化护理对老年性白内障患者术后情绪和生活质量的影响。方法110例白内障手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各55例,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上给予个性化护理管理;比较术前及出院前患者焦虑、抑郁情况,评估2组患者术后生活质量,调查患者护理满意度。结果术前,2组患者焦虑、抑郁情况及生活质量评分比较无显著差异（P＞0．05）;术后,观察组焦虑、抑郁情况及生活质量各项评分均优于对照组;观察组对护理的满意度优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论个性化护理管理能够显著改善老年性白内障患者不良情绪,提高术后生活质量以及护理满意度,促进患者术后恢复。     

Acute health effects of the Sea Empress oil spill

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether residents in the vicinity of the Sea Empress tanker spill suffered an increase in self reported physical and psychological symptoms, which might be attributable to exposure to crude oil. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study; postal questionnaire including demographic details, a symptom checklist, beliefs about health effects of oil and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression and SF-36 mental health scales. SETTING: Populations living in four coastal towns on the exposed south Pembrokeshire coast and two control towns on the unexposed north coast. PATIENTS: 539 exposed and 550 unexposed people sampled at random from the family health services authority age-sex register who completed questionnaires. MAIN RESULTS: Adjusted odds ratios for self reported physical symptoms; scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression and SF-36 mental health scales, in 1089 people who responded out of a possible 1585 (69%). CONCLUSIONS: Living in areas exposed to the crude oil spillage was significantly associated with higher anxiety and depression scores, worse mental health; and self reported headache (odds ratio = 2.35, 95% CI 1.56, 3.55), sore eyes (odds ratio = 1.96, 95% CI 1.06, 3.62), and sore throat (odds ratio = 1.70, 95% CI 1.12, 2.60) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, anxiety, and the belief that oil had affected health. People living in exposed areas reported higher rates of physical and psychological symptoms than control areas. Symptoms significantly associated with exposure after adjustment for anxiety and health beliefs were those expected from the known toxicological effect of oil, suggesting a direct health effect on the exposed population.