Stenotic bleeding pyloric ulcers

Treatment results in 110 patients with stenotic bleeding pyloroduodenal ulcers (SBPU) were analyzed. Correlation dependence of hemorrhage severity and recurrence frequency from the degree of pyloroduodenal stenosis was revealed. Recurrence of ulcer gastroduodenal bleeding - is the main factor that determines lethality at SPBU. The total lethality against a background of SPBU recurrence was 16%, whereas in the absence of recurrence it was 10%. Treatment tactics in patients with SPBU was worked out. The best results were received after urgent operations which had been carried out after short-term preoperative preparation, aimed to blood replacement and correction of water-electrolytic and protein-energy disturbances at pyloroduodenal stenosis.     

Pyloroduodenal stenosis of ulcer origin. Apropos of 260 cases]

This study is about 260 cases of ulcerous pyloroduodenal stenosis operated on in 10 years among 1209 ulcers (21.5%). Males are by far dominating with a rate of 83.55%, the average of age was 45 years. 20% of our patients have presented a complication anterior or contemporary to the stenosis (perforation or hemorrhage). Clinical context is obvious and upper gastro intestinal series has made diagnosis in 92% of cases fibroscopy has been done in only 30.8% of cases. Surgical treatment has consisted in a troncular vagotomy in 252 cases. (98.2%), transduction de "dont" 34.5% of whom underwent a gastroduodenostomy 25.8%, gastrojejunostomy, 18.2% a pyloroplasty and in 21.4% an inferior polar gastrectomy. There were 3 fundic vagotomies (1.17%) associated to a gastro duodenostomy in 2 cases and to dilatation in one case e deplored 3 deaths related to surgery (1.1%) long follow up was marked by 3 ulcerous relapses and 2 stenosis.     

The treatment of second degree haemorrhoids by injection, rubber band ligation, maximal anal dilatation, and haemorrhoidectomy: a prospective clinical trial

One hundred and twenty patients with confirmed second degree haemorrhoids were randomly allocated to four treatment groups; injection, rubber band ligation, maximal anal dilatation, and haemorrhoidectomy. Each groups consisted of 30 patients. All patients were regularly followed up for at least one year. Assessment at one year showed that haemorrhoidectomy "cured" the haemorrhoids in 29 out of 30 patients. Rubber band ligation relieved 25 out of 30 and maximal anal dilatation 24 out of 30. Injection was the least effective treatment, and relieved 18 of the 30 patients, with a cure rate of 60% only. Haemorrhoidectomy caused pain in all cases, anal stenosis in two, postoperative haemorrhage in two, and the patients required an average hospital stay of 11.5 days and an average of a further 15.5 days off work. Rubber band ligation was painless in 26 patients out of 30, and maximal anal dilatation was painless in 25 our of 30. There were no postoperative complications in the latter two treatment groups. Haemorrhoidectomy is good in "curing" the disease, but the higher possibility of postoperative pain and complications and longer hospital stay would not justify its use in the treatment of second degree haemorrhoids. Both rubber band ligation and maximal anal dilatation are effective and relatively free from complications. Rubber band ligation has the additional advantage of not requiring hospital stay or anaesthesia and is therefore considered to be the most appropriate method of treatment for second degree haemorrhoids.     

Selective proximal vagotomy and duodenoplasty in surgical treatment of stenotic duodenal ulcer]

Experience in the treatment of 70 patients with stenotic duodenal ulcer by surgery is generalized. In addition to SPV the patients underwent duodenoplasty as a draining operation. There were 61 (87.1%) males and 9 (12.9%) females. Their ages ranged from 18 to 70 years. The stenosis was compensated in 21 (30%), ++non-compensated in 32 (45.7%), and decompensated in 17 (24.3%) patients. To determine the possibility of performing SPV, the maintenance of the gastric contractile activity was studied by noninvasive methods: computed peripheral electrogastrography and computed gastro-scintigraphy. Involvement of the pylorus into the cicatricial-ulcerous inflammatory infiltration is the main contraindication for duodenoplasty. In view of that, intensive 2-3 week preoperative antiulcer therapy acquires particular significance; it removes or reduces significantly the inflammatory infiltration in most cases and raises the possibility of conducting duodenoplasty. Only intraoperative inspection of the pyloroduodenal segment allows the possibility and type of pylorus -preserving duodenum draining operation to be determined. This operation can be undertaken if the proximal boundary of the stenotic cicatricial-ulcerous deformity is at a distance of at least 1 cm from the pyloric sphincter, whatever the degree and length of the narrowing. A total of 43 operations form the Heineke-Mikulicz Mikulicz duodenoplasty, 17 for Finney's pyloroplasty, and 10 for bulbo-duodenostomy were carried out. The authors consider excision of the duodenal ulcer to be expedient and safe only when it is located on the anterior wall; it was carried out in 9 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers

139 patients with perforated ulcers of the stomach and the duodenum were operated. Diffuse peritonitis was encountered in 117 (84.3%) patients. Radical organ-saving operations were carried out in 111 (79.9%) patients. 6 patients (4.3%) died after operation. The authors suggest that usage of organ-saving operations in perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers complicated by peritonitis is quite justified and does not lead to increase in postoperative complications and mortality rate.     

腔内技术治疗输尿管狭窄

为了提高腔内技术治疗输尿管狭窄的效果，从１９８４年６月至１９９５年７月应用腔内技术治疗输尿管狭窄１６例。其中行气囊扩张７例、硬性扩张７例、膀胱镜下输尿管壁段切开加扩张２例，对扩张后复发２例行腔内输尿管切开加扩张治疗；扩张失败３例（２例为先天性ＵＰＪ狭窄，１例为ＥＳＷＬ后长段输尿管狭窄）行开放手术治疗。术后随诊８个月至７年，腔内技术治疗成功率为８１．３％，治愈率为７５．０％，好转率为６．３％，失败１８．７％。认为扩张治疗可作为输尿管狭窄的首选治疗方法，疗效不佳或复发者可再次扩张治疗，或行腔内输尿管切开加扩张治疗；以上方法也可作为输尿管狭窄开放手术失败的补救措施。     

Highly selective vagotomy in duodenal ulceration and its complications. A 12-year review.

Highly selective vagotomy (HSV) was performed in 509 patients over 12 years for the surgical management of duodenal ulceration; 103 HSVs were carried out during the treatment of complications. The overall rate of ulcer recurrence was 7%, ranging from 10% in the first 4 years to 4% in the 6 years between 1975 and 1980. Highly selective vagotomy was performed in addition to closure of a perforated ulcer in 16 patients, with no recurrent ulcers or re-perforations. After the control of their bleeding duodenal ulcers, 25 patients had HSV with no rebleeding, although two patients had recurrent ulceration. Highly selective vagotomy was performed in 62 patients with stenosis in addition to dilatation (44) or duodenoplasty (18). There was a high incidence of recurrent ulceration (7) and stenosis (9) with digital dilatation while duodenoplasty gave better results with one recurrent stenosis and no recurrent ulceration. The authors conclude that HSV is justified by its late results as a definitive operation in chronic duodenal ulceration that allows preservation of the pylorus during surgery for complications.     

Technique and results of operative transluminal angioplasty in 81 consecutive patients

Eighty-one consecutive patients with distal multivessel coronary artery disease underwent 93 attempts at operative transluminal angioplasty at the time of coronary bypass operation. Lesions chosen for angioplasty were those in coronary arteries that otherwise would not have been bypassed because of small size and/or inaccessible location; 53% involved the distal anterior descending artery. A guide wire-tipped catheter with a 2 mm balloon was found to be the more satisfactory of the two devices used. An operative "successful" dilatation was achieved with 75 lesions (81%). Eighteen "unsuccessful" dilatations occurred primarily because of inability to transverse the lesions with the catheter. Postoperative angiography was performed in 29 patients to study 31 lesions. In 20 of 28 "successfully" dilated lesions (71%), the stenoses were completely alleviated. Three lesions were found unimproved and in two lesions, the coronary arteries were occluded distally. Two bypass grafts, involving two lesions with extensive dilatation, were closed. Two patients had definite perioperative myocardial infarction, and there were no deaths in this series. Whereas calcification did not influence success, the length of the lesion was inversely proportional to a successful dilatation. Operative dilatation of short coronary distal lesions is safe, has a high percentage of success, and offers a larger distal runoff for coronary bypass grafts. Areas of normal coronary arteries should not be dilated. Careful attention to detail and proper selection of the lesions to be dilated are required. The technique should be used only to dilate arteries that otherwise would not accept a bypass graft.     

Combined complications of pyloroduodenal ulcer and their treatment

Associated complications took place in 68 cases (23.8%) among 286 patients operated upon for pyloroduodenal ulcer. A combination of stenosis and penetration was observed in 35.3%, hemorrhage with the penetration or stenosis was observed in 42.6%, perforation with stenosis or penetration in 22.1% of the patients. Choice of the operative intervention in the associated complications of pyloroduodenal ulcer was shown to mainly depend on the severity of the patient's state, character and degree of local pathological changes. Postoperative lethality was 5.9%.     

降主动脉扩张病变腔内修复的初步探讨

目的探讨降主动脉扩张性疾病腔内修复术的有效性和安全性。方法 2009年5月～2011年12月,对20例降主动脉扩张性疾病行腔内修复手术。术前全部应用CTA确诊,其中Stanford B型夹层15例,假性动脉瘤4例,降主动脉减速伤1例。均在全麻下行股动脉切开作为覆膜支架置放入路。结果全组均一次支架释放成功,无手术死亡。修复后造影显示降主动脉夹层破口或假性动脉瘤均被即刻封闭,真腔均较术前扩大。2例主动脉腹腔分支段破口遗留假腔,假腔直径均<10 mm,未给予处理。14例术后6个月行CTA检查,无支架移位、破裂、断裂、内漏发生,第一破口所致假腔均无活动血流。结论腔内修复治疗降主动脉扩张性疾病安全,有效。     

Junctional dilatation of the posterior communicating artery (author's transl)]

Junctional dilatation of the posterior communicating artery was investigated on 1,286 carotid angiograms, which were displayed to 750 patients for recent five years in our department, and the following results were obtained. 1) Incidence; The junctional dilatation was seen on 96 out of 750 cases (12.8%), whereas on angiograms, this was 105 times out of 1,286 angiograms. A difference in ratio of appearance between men and women was not statistically significant. 2) Comparison between the left and right side; 58 cases of junctional dilatation was seen out of 633 cases (9.2%) on the left side, and 47 out of 653 cases (7.2%) on the right side respectively. Bilataral junctional dilatations were seen only 9 out of 536 cases. There was no difference in appearance of the junctional dilatation on either side. 3) Relationship to age; There was a very few cases of junctional dilatation under the age of 20, while it rapidly increased in 3 to 4 decades. The incidence of junctional dilatation was seen in 32 out of 329 patients (9.7%) under 40 years of age, which was 6.7% of angiograms, on the other hand the incidence increased to 15.2% (64/421) over 40 years of age, which was 9.3% of angiograms (p less than 0.05). 4) The incidence of visualization of posterior communicating artery and posterior cerebral artery relation to junctional dilatation. We divided cases into the following 3 groups. (a) Type I: Visualization of partial or whole length of the posterior communicating artery (76.2%). (b) Type II: Visualization of the proximal portion of the posterior cerebral artery (18.1%). (c) Type III: Visualization of whole length of the posterior cerebral artery (5.7%). 5) Shape and size of junctional dilatation: The shape of dilatation could be divided into a funnel shape and a round shape. The funnel shape was seen in 32 cases (30.5%) and the round shape was seen in 73 cases (69.5%). Also the most of cases was larger than 2 mm in diameter.     

Diagnosis and management of benign biliary strictures with percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS)]

From January 1981 through March 1991, we encountered twenty four cases of benign biliary strictures. In 10 cases of anastomotic stricture, percutaneous dilatation was carried out in 1 patient under fluoroscopy and in 3 patients under PTCS without recurrence. Endoprosthesis with silicone or polyurethane catheters was carried out under PTCS in 5 patients. One of them died of hepatic failure due to clogging of the catheter, and in other four patients the endoprosthetic catheter was dislodged spontaneously or removed by PTCS because of dislodgement or obstruction of the catheter, and PTCS revealed that the anastomotic stricture had improved. Reoperation of cholangiojejunostomy was carried out in 1 patient, who died of hepatic failure 5 years later due to recurrent of stricture. In 8 cases of the iatrogenic and 1 case of traumatic stricture, percutaneous dilatation was carried out (1 under fluoroscopy and 4 under PTCS) without recurrence. Cholangiojejunostomy was carried out in 3 cases without anastomotic stricture. PTCS was performed for 5 cases of the inflammatory stricture of the hepatic hilus due to cholecystitis to confirm the histological findings by cholangioscopic biopsy. And all cases could be managed by cholecystectomy. Authors recommend that PTCS should be used for the diagnosis and treatment of benign biliary stricture.     

Surgical tactics in ulcerous pyloroduodenal stenosis

The authors generalize their experience in the treatment of 528 patients with ulcerous pyloroduodenal stenosis, who accounted for 19.3% of all patients who were operated on and for 29.8% of those with complicated forms of peptic ulcer. All the patients underwent operation after brief (2-3 days) replacement of hydrogen ion deficiencies. Resection of the stomach was carried out in 418 patients, organ-preserving operations-in 102, gastroenteroanastomosis-in 8 patients. Total mortality was 2.5%. There were no fatal outcomes in organ-preserving operations. The incidence of postoperative gastric atony was 6.1% after organ-preserving operations and 4.9% after resection of the stomach.     

A review of the practice of fibreoptic endoscopic dilatation of oesophageal stricture.

Over a 5-year period 82 patients underwent 244 fibreoptic endoscopic dilatations for oesophageal stricture. A total of 55 patients had benign peptic oesophageal stricture caused by reflux oesophagitis. Two-thirds of these patients had good symptomatic relief with dilatation combined with medical treatment of reflux, whereas one-third had an unsatisfactory result. The practice of endoscopic dilatation in benign stricture proved to be safe and was cost-effective as the procedure was carried out under intravenous sedation on a day-care basis. Three patients underwent dilatation for achalasia with good results in two cases. There were 16 patients with malignant oesophageal stricture and, in this group, fibreoptic endoscopic dilatation had little role to play in relieving dysphagia and its practice was associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality. Dilatation of malignant strictures facilitated biopsy and was used prior to oesophageal intubation. The virtues of the Atkinson or Celestin tube put in with the Nottingham introducer are summarised. Eight patients developed anastomotic stricture after resection of carcinoma of the oesophagus and dilatation provided only very transient relief of dysphagia in this group. Most anastomotic strictures represented recurrent malignancy and the difficulty in gaining biopsy proof endoscopically is emphasised. We advocate the early use of a CT scan in this situation to make the diagnosis of recurrent malignancy so that, if appropriate, palliative treatment can be instituted while the patient's general condition is good enough to benefit from it.     

Surgical tactics in the ulcer pyloroduodenal stenosis in decompensation stage

In the ulcer pyloroduodenal stenosis the stages of complete and noncomplete decompensation are suggested. In 73% of observations, while performing an adequate preoperative preparation it was possible to convert pyloroduodenal stenosis from the stage of complete decompensation into the stage of noncomplete decompensation, in which the performance of organpreserving operation is possible. In the patients, suffering pyloroduodenal stenosis in the stage of noncomlete decompensation, resection of 2/3 of stomach is performed.     

Esophageal Dilatation after Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding: Definition and Strategy

Background: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) has become a method of choice worldwide to treat morbid obesity. Long-term complications such as esophageal dilatation require that a relevant strategy for treatment be defined. Esophageal dysmotility is commonly described in morbidly obese patients. Methods: 1,232 patients have undergone LAGB over 9 years (1995–2004), and 162 (13.1%) have had a reoperation for complications (excluding access-port problems): slippage (109), erosion (28), intolerance (25). 80 patients (6.4%) had their band removed, and 10 had a switch to another procedure. Esophageal dilatation has been an isolated cause for removal in 2 patients and an associated cause in 6 patients. Results: There was no significant correlation between esophageal dilatation and insufficient excess weight loss (<25%) after 5 years (37/257:14.3%). 4 stages of dilatation were identified, with the relevant treatment for each, the ultimate alternative being conversion to a laparoscopic gastric bypass. We suggest that esophageal dilatation be a separate issue from pouch dilatation and gastric erosion, and that it be classified as a complication only in severe cases requiring band removal. Most cases can be handled through deflation of the band under radiological control. Conclusion: LAGB can lead to significant esophageal troubles which must remain under scrutiny but generally respond to "radiological management", which also makes LAGB more demanding than other operations in terms of follow-up.     

Perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers. Long-term results with omental patch closure and parietal cell vagotomy.

OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated parietal cell vagotomy and omental patch closure as treatment for perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers. BACKGROUND DATA: Since the beginning of the century, there has been a difference of opinion as to whether perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers are best managed with nonoperative treatment, simple closure, or definitive treatment, i.e., a procedure that handles the emergency problem and simultaneously provides protection against further ulcer disease. The criticism of using definitive treatment at the time of perforation has been that some patients who might not have recurrent ulcer, if a definitive operation was not performed, would be at risk of adverse postoperative sequelae, including death. Parietal cell vagotomy as treatment of intractable duodenal ulcer disease was shown to be almost without complications. The objective of this study was to determine if the operation was equally applicable to perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers. METHODS: A group of 107 selected patients with perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers underwent definitive treatment by omental patch closure and parietal cell vagotomy. The patients were evaluated prospectively on an annual basis up to 21 years. Gastric analyses were performed on each visit for which the patient gave his/her consent. Patients suspected of a recurrent ulcer were examined endoscopically for verification. RESULTS: There was one death (0.9%). Ninety-three patients were observed for follow-up for 2 to 21 years. The recurrent ulcer rate by life table analysis was 7.4%. The reoperative rate was 1.9%. Postoperative gastric sequelae were insignificant. All but four patients were graded Visick I or II at the time of their last evaluation. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that the combination of parietal cell vagotomy and omental patch closure is an excellent choice for treatment of patients with perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers, who, by virtue of their age, fitness, and status of the peritoneal cavity are candidates for definitive surgery. Virtually none of the morbidity that occurs with other forms of definitive treatment is inflicted on patients who might never have needed a definitive operation if simple closure was performed. At the same time, it provides definitive therapy for the larger number of patients who subsequently would have required a second operation for continued ulcer disease if simple closure alone was performed. Whether this operation is performed at the time of perforation should depend on the presence or absence of risk factors, rather than whether the ulcer is acute or chronic.     

Treatment of complex hypospadias by the Snodgrass technique]

PURPOSE: Successful use of the Snodgrass modification of Tiersch-Duplay urethroplasty for repair of distal hypospadias has been reported. Given the features of the repair: technical simplicity, preservation of the urethral plate, single suture line in the urethroplasty and no need for vascularized pedicle graft, we felt that the technique could be applied to the treatment of proximal hypospadias. METHODS: A retrospective review of the records of 35 patients with either midshaft or penoscrotal hypospadias who underwent a Snodgrass type of hypospadias repair was carried out. Age at surgery was 3 to 54 months (mean age: 8.4 months). No patients with significant chordee were included. All patients had indwelling urethral stents for 5 to 7 days postoperatively. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3 years. RESULTS: There were no immediate postoperative complications. Four patients experienced a urethrocutaneous fistula in association with meatal stenosis. After meatal dilatation, 2 of these fistulae closed spontaneously for an overall fistula rate of 5.7%. The overall cosmetic result of the glans and urethral meatus was noted to be excellent. Urinary stream was normal in all cases. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the Snodgrass modification of Tiersch-Duplay hypospadias repair provides satisfactory cosmetic and functional results in the treatment of proximal hypospadias with a low surgical complication rate. In young patients, it is our procedure of choice for penile and penoscrotal hypospadias without major degrees of chordee.     

Reconstructive and restorative operations in surgical treatment of suppurative diseases

The principles of active surgical treatment of purulent wounds made it possible to perform reconstructive operations on 5,422 patients with large purulent wounds and tissue defects. In 3,887 patients the wounds were closed with sutures and drained, in 1,535 patients the wound surfaces were closed and tissue defects repaired by various methods of cutaneo- and osteoplasty, in 1,261 of these patients free skin graft was carried out. In 274 patients wounds in the region of important anatomical structures and functionally active surfaces were closed by transposed vascularized tissues with good cosmetic and functional results. Defects in long tubular bones were repaired in 107 patients in the early stages by variants of compression--distraction osteosynthesis. Healing by first intention occurred in 89.8% of cases in which the wounds were closed with sutures and in 91.9% in plastics with local tissues and transposed grafts. After free skin graft plastics had to be repeated until complete healing in 11.1% of patients. The defects in bones were replaced in all cases, osteomyelitis developed at the site of pin introduction in 4% of cases.     

输尿管良性狭窄内切开前行球囊扩张的临床研究

目的 探讨输尿管良性狭窄内切开前使用球囊扩张的必要性.方法 16例输尿管良性狭窄患者行钬激光输尿管内切开前,6例采用球囊扩张狭窄段,10例采用输尿管硬镜扩张狭窄段.回顾性分析其临床资料和随访结果,包括病因、狭窄部位、诊断方法和超声等随访情况.结果 输尿管硬镜扩张者3例失败,改用球囊扩张成功;使用球囊扩张的患者均扩张成功.狭窄长度为0.8～1.4 cm.用球囊扩张的手术时间短于用输尿管硬镜扩张,但手术费用高于用输尿管硬镜扩张,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).随访3～28个月,无围手术期并发症,2例用输尿管硬镜扩张患者出现再狭窄.结论 输尿管良性狭窄内切开前使用球囊扩张安全、有效,但费用较高.