乳腺癌MRI强化特征与免疫组织化学相关性分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌MRI强化特征与乳腺免疫组织化学之间的内在联系.方法 搜集经病理及免疫组织化学证实的85例乳腺癌患者,均行乳腺动态增强MRI检查,按照乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)描述病灶MRI强化特征,分析其与ER、PR、Her-2、Ki-67表达的相关性.结果 乳腺癌病灶MRI强化类型、强化形态、强化边缘与ER、PR、Ki-67的表达具有统计学意义,与Her-2的表达无统计学意义;病灶内部强化特征与Ki-67的表达具有统计学意义,与ER、PR、Her-2的表达无统计学意义;病灶时间-信号强度曲线与ER、Ki-67的表达具有统计学意义,与PR、Her-2的表达无统计学意义.结论 乳腺癌的MRI强化特征与免疫组织化学标记物的表达存在一定的关联,从影像角度评估乳腺癌的生物学行为和预后有一定的参考价值.     

乳腺肿瘤动态增强MRI对比剂空间分布及其与微血管密度的相关性研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌和纤维腺瘤动态增强MR对比剂空间分布及其与微血管密度(MVD)的相关性。资料与方法 对63例乳腺肿瘤术前行MR平扫和动态增强扫描，分析瘤中心、瘤边缘和瘤旁MR对比剂空间分布情况。术后标本行免疫组织化学染色，测定肿瘤MVD及分布情况，并分析与相应病灶MR对比剂空间分布之间的关系。结果 乳腺癌与纤维腺瘤内部MR对比剂空间分布有显著性差异，乳癌组瘤边缘强化程度(ASI)显著高于瘤中心；而腺瘤组瘤边缘ASI显著低于或等于瘤中心。乳癌组瘤中心、瘤边缘和瘤旁△SI显著高于腺瘤组。乳腺肿瘤动态增强MR对比剂空间分布与MVD呈显著正相关。结论 乳腺癌和纤维腺瘤动态增强MR对比剂空间分布显著不同，并且与MVD分布密切相关。     

乳腺疾病的MRI诊断

目的：探讨乳腺疾病的MRI平扫与增强扫描的影像特点。方法：收集乳腺疾病33例，其中乳腺癌12例，良性病变18例，隆乳术后患者3例，均行MRI扫描，22例同时进行钼靶摄影。结果：①乳腺癌MRI表现为：形态不规则结节或肿块，边缘分叶或毛刺，增强扫描多呈不均匀强化，毛刺样结构显示更清晰。②良性病变：纤维腺瘤病灶呈圆形或类圆形，边缘光滑，无毛刺样结构，增强后均匀强化；乳腺增生表现为乳腺腺体增厚，形态规则。③MRI与钼靶结果比较，MRI在发现病灶，了解病变范围以及显示淋巴结转移方面优于钼靶。结论：MRI是评价乳腺疾病的一种有效的影像学方法。     

MRI三维动态增强减影技术早期增强形态对乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨乳腺MRI三维动态增强减影技术早期增强形态对乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法 分析46例52个病灶经手术病理证实的乳腺肿瘤MRI资料,46例术前均行MRI三维动态增强扫描、减影成像.在早期增强率、峰值时间、时间-信号强度曲线、血管纠集等诊断指标的基础上,评价病灶早期增强形态对乳腺癌的诊断价值.结果 37个恶性病灶中31个病灶强化时由边缘向中央强化(83.8%,31/37),15个良性病灶中14个病灶由中央向边缘强化(93.3%,14/15).乳腺癌最特异性征象为MRI动态增强扫描早期环形强化,中后期造影剂由边缘向中央充填,即充填型环形强化,其诊断敏感性为97.3%,特异性为93.3%,准确率为96.2%.结论 乳腺MRI动态增强扫描病灶早期强化形态学特征对乳腺癌的诊断有重要意义.     

MRI参数与三阴性乳腺癌组织病理学分级及淋巴结转移的相关性研究

目的:探讨三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)的MRI表现、TIC类型、ADC值与肿瘤大小、组织病理学分级、淋巴结转移之间的相关性。方法:收集经病理证实的TNBC患者102例,均行乳腺MRI平扫、DWI和动态增强扫描。比较TNBC不同肿瘤大小、组织病理学分级、有无淋巴结转移的MRI表现和参数。肿瘤大小、组织病理学分级、淋巴结转移与TIC类型及ADC值的相关性行Spearman相关分析。结果:不同肿瘤大小(T1、T2、T3)、不同组织病理学分级(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级)、有无淋巴结转移患者的肿块形态、边缘、强化特征、T2WI信号差异均无统计学意义(均P 0.05)。组织病理学分级、淋巴结转移与TIC分型及ADC值均有相关性(均P0.05)。结论:TIC分型越高或ADC值越低,TNBC的组织病理学分级越高,淋巴结转移的风险越大。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌细胞周期素D1蛋白的表达与其MRI征象的分析

目的本文将乳腺癌MRI影像学表现征象同病理特征及细胞周期素D1蛋白表达相对照,探究乳腺浸润性导管癌细胞周期素D1表现的分子病理学基础,结合MRI影像对乳腺癌转移做出正确评估。方法对58例经乳腺X线摄影检查的乳腺浸润性导管癌患者行MRI平扫及动态增强扫描,将容积扫描数据传至ADW4.6工作站进行图像分析。手术后所取标本切片进行免疫组织化学染色分析,测定不同侵袭转移程度乳腺癌组织中细胞周期素D1蛋白含量,同所得MRI图像进行相关性研究。统计学分析用SPSS 20.0软件包进行数据处理。以P0.05为有统计学意义。结果 58例乳腺浸润性导管癌MRI影像中,腋窝淋巴结转移32例,细胞周期素D1蛋白阳性表达率为81.25%。细胞周期素D1阳性表达率在淋巴结转移组和非转移组中有显著性差异﹙P0.05﹚。胸壁及骨转移31例,细胞周期素D1阳性表达率为74.19%。转移组与非转移组相比有显著性差异﹙P0.05﹚。结论乳腺浸润性导管癌细胞周期素D1蛋白的阳性表达同肿瘤分化程度及是否有淋巴结转移、远处骨转移密切相关,根据MRI征象可推断出细胞周期素D1蛋白的表达情况。     

乳腺癌磁共振及病理特征与血管内皮因子研究

目的:研究VEGF在肿瘤浸润和转移过程中的表达,探讨其与乳腺癌在3.0T磁共振上征象及病理学的关系.方法:收集乳腺癌患者57例的磁共振影像表现及病理VEGF免疫组织化学资料.结果:57例乳腺癌患者中VEGF阳性表达36例,阳性率为63.15%,VEGF表达与病理类型、时间信号曲线无关(P>0.05),与病理分级显著相关(P<0.05),VEGF在肿瘤直径>2cm的表达强度高于肿瘤直径≤2cm者(P<0.05).与形态不规则或毛刺征、环形强化征、肿瘤血管、腋窝淋巴结转移、时间信号曲线有关(P<0.05).结论:VEGF与乳腺癌的病理分级相关,提示血管生成可能在乳腺癌进展中起重要的促进作用.VEGF的表达与磁共振征象中肿瘤直径的大小、环形强化征、肿瘤血管、腋窝淋巴结转移有关,是其形成的分子生物学基础.时间信号曲线的类型与多种因素有关.     

肝门部胆管癌MR表现与病理、肿瘤血管生成的相关性研究

目的 探讨肝门部胆管癌MRI表现与病理、肿瘤血管生成之间的相关性.方法 对28例肝门部胆管癌患者术前行MR扫描,分析MRI形态学特征、动态增强表现;术后标本行免疫组化染色测定病灶微血管密度（MVD）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达情况,并分析其与MRI表现之间的相关性.结果 侵袭转移（16例）组、病灶内胆管扩张（8例）组的MVD、VEGF表达明显高于无侵袭转移组、无病灶内胆管扩张组,且均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.肿瘤生长方式的分型与MVD、VEGF表达无明显相关性（P＞0.05）.MRI动态增强扫描中,不同强化形式组间的MVD值存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）,ASI（早期信号强度增强率）与MVD呈明显正相关,与VEGF的表达亦有相关性.结论 肝门部胆管癌MRI表现与病理、肿瘤血管生成之间存在一定相关性,可根据其MRI表现对癌灶的生物学行为和预后进行评估.     

西宁地区VEGF和HER-2在乳腺疾病血管生成中的意义

目的：研究西宁地区（海拔2261m）乳腺癌组织中原癌基因HER-2和VEGF的表达与肿瘤的发生、发展相关性。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法检测西宁地区42例乳腺癌组织及28例乳腺良性增生组织中HER-2和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达。结果：在西宁地区乳腺癌组VEGF高表达比例和HER-2表达均较乳腺良性疾病组高,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;乳腺癌组VEGF表达与肿块大小、淋巴结是否转移和临床分期有关,与年龄、ER、PR无关,HER-2与淋巴结是否转移有关,与其他因素均无关;HER-2和VEGF表达明显相关（P〈0．05）。结论：西宁地区HER-2和VEGF表达与平原地区相似在乳腺癌发生、发展及血管生成密切相关;而高海拔缺氧对其无明显的影响。     

乳腺癌MRI表现与免疫组化相关性的初步研究

目的:探讨乳腺癌的ER、PR、CerbB-2、VEGF表达与MRI征象之间的关联性。方法:对50个乳腺癌患者术前行乳腺MR扫描,分析乳腺癌的MRI影像学表现,术后标本行免疫组织化学染色测定肿瘤细胞ER、PR、CerbB-2、VEGF表达情况,并分析与相应病灶MRI表现的关系。结果:乳腺癌的MRI多表现为形态不规则、分叶状或类圆形结节,边缘毛刺,边界模糊,部分病灶内部见坏死;大部病灶在T1WI呈略低信号,在脂肪抑制T2WI呈不均匀高信号;Gd-DTPA增强扫描后,呈明显均匀或不均匀强化、斑驳样强化或边缘环形强化。乳腺癌病灶早期边缘强化与癌细胞VEGF阳性表达呈显著正相关(r=0.873;P0.01);毛刺状边缘与ER、PR、VEGF阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.702,0.764,0.497;P0.05);内部坏死与CerbB-2阳性表达呈显著正相关(r=0.718;P0.01);形态与癌细胞ER、PR、CerbB-2、VEGF表达情况无显著相关性(r=0.129,0.312,0.343,0.254;P0.05)。结论:乳腺癌MRI征象与免疫组化标记物之间存在一定的相关性,对我们从影像角度评估乳腺癌的生物学行为和预后有一定的参考价值。     

脑白质疏松症的MR扩散加权成像及波谱研究

目的通过MR扩散加权成像(DWI)及MR波谱(MRS)分析脑白质疏松症(LA)的表观扩散值(ADC)和不同代谢产物比值的变化,探讨LA中脑白质缺血过程中出现的病理、生化改变与MR功能成像改变之间的关系。方法30例经常规MRI检查诊断为LA患者,及30例年龄相匹配的正常脑白质表现的患者作为对照组,进行DWI检查,分析病变不同区域ADC值的变化,同时对LA患者进行MRS分析N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)/肌酸(Cr)、胆碱复合物(Cho)/肌酸(Cr)比值的变化,比较不同位置和不同程度病变在ADC值和代谢变化中的差异。结果LA患者病灶区(双侧侧脑室枕角、体部旁脑白质)ADC值升高与对照组差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01),相应病灶区的NAA/Cr均值明显降低,Cho/Cr均值升高,与正常白质比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),而枕角的NAA/Cr均值低于体部,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论磁共振功能成像能够反映脑白质疏松症发展中的微观结构变化和局部代谢的异常。     

Prospective evaluation of pancreatic tumors: accuracy of MR imaging with MR cholangiopancreatography and MR angiography

PURPOSE: To prospectively assess accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and MR angiography in patients suspected of having pancreatic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six patients suspected of having pancreatic tumors underwent MR imaging (unenhanced and contrast material-enhanced MR, MRCP, and contrast-enhanced MR angiography). Two blinded readers prospectively analyzed the images by consensus, and results were correlated with surgery, biopsy, or follow-up findings. Results were tabulated in two-by-two tables. RESULTS: MR assessment of pancreatic lesion status (differentiation of benign vs malignant) resulted in 60 correct diagnoses (accuracy, 91%), and six (10%) false diagnoses. Among histologically proved malignant tumors, MR imaging yielded correct diagnoses in 42 of 44 patients (sensitivity, 95%; 95% CI: 85%, 99%), whereas 18 of 22 patients with benign findings were classified correctly. At MR imaging, findings in four patients with chronic pancreatitis were wrongly categorized as malignant tumors (specificity, 82%; 95% CI: 60%, 95%), and in one patient, a distal common bile duct carcinoma was not detected. In no patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma was this tumor misdiagnosed as benign. In patients with malignant tumors who underwent resection, local-regional tumor growth and vascular infiltration were accurately classified in 89% and 94%, respectively. MR imaging depicted histologically proved synchronous hepatic metastases in 82%. The positive and negative predictive values for cancer nonresectability were 90% and 83%, respectively, and the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 85%, 69%, and 95%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced MR imaging with MRCP and MR angiography offers potential as a noninvasive tool for assessment of patients suspected of having pancreatic tumors.     

Cerebral venography with MR

The authors describe a two-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance (MR) angiography technique to create projection venograms of the head. The technique was applied to 27 healthy volunteers and 39 patients. The superior sagittal and straight sinuses, the internal cerebral veins, and the Galen vein were visualized in all the volunteers. Other veins were seen in a high percentage of subjects. Systematic comparison of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) after intraarterial contrast medium injection and MR venography in patients showed good correlation between the two techniques. MR venography proved helpful in identifying thrombosis or patency of cerebral veins and sinuses and showed collateral venous drainage and venous drainage from arteriovenous malformations. There was good correlation between conventional contrast angiography and MR venography. In conclusion, MR venography is considered reliable for showing the cerebral venous system and provides information additional to that of conventional spin-echo imaging.     

MR arthrography of the shoulder: comparison with conventional MR imaging

Twenty-three patients underwent both conventional MR imaging of the shoulder and MR shoulder arthrography for clinically suspected labral or rotator cuff abnormalities. Images obtained before and after contrast administration were studied independently, and without knowledge of clinical findings, by two radiologists for the presence of abnormalities of the glenoid labrum or rotator cuff. Results were correlated with surgical findings in all patients. Nine patients had surgically proved labral tears. MR arthrography detected all nine labral abnormalities, while six of the nine were missed on conventional MR imaging. Fourteen patients had surgically proved rotator cuff tears. MR arthrography detected 11 of the 14 tears and missed three partial tears on the bursal surface. Conventional MR imaging detected nine cuff tears and missed five tears; two of these were complete rotator cuff tears and three were partial tears of the undersurface of the rotator cuff. Our results suggest that MR arthrography enhances the accuracy of MR in the evaluation of the glenoid labrum and rotator cuff tendon.     

MRI和MRA对烟雾病的诊断价值

目的：评价ＭＲＩ和ＭＲ血管成像（ＭＲＡ）在烟雾病中的诊断价值。材料与方法：回顾性分析２３例烟雾病患者的ＭＲＩ和ＭＲＡ资料，ＭＲＡ采用三维时间飞跃法。结果：２３例患者ＭＲＡ图像均有不同程度的颈内动脉分叉处的血管狭窄／闭塞，１８例基底节区异常网状的血管和１４例软脑膜侧支循环血管显示清晰。ＭＲＩ上显示了所有患者的脑实质改变和１５例颈内动脉分叉处的血管狭窄／闭塞改变，所有患者根据其ＭＲ上脑血管的改变均可做出正确的诊断。结论：ＭＲＡ结合ＭＲＩ能对烟雾病患者做出正确的诊断和较准确的分期，同时可用于烟雾病患者的随访检查和术后复查。     

Gallbladder carcinoma: findings at MR imaging with MR cholangiopancreatography

PURPOSE: To describe magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) findings in gallbladder carcinoma, and to correlate these findings with available surgical and biopsy information. METHODS: Preoperative MR images (T1-weighted spin-echo, T2-weighted fast spin-echo, single shot fast spin-echo, and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced gradient echo) in 34 patients with gallbladder carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed for appearance of the primary neoplasm and for demonstration of hepatic, peritoneal, duodenal, and nodal involvement. Imaging findings were then compared with surgical findings (n = 19 patients) and histologic findings (n = 15 patients). RESULTS: Gallbladder carcinoma manifested at MR imaging as focal gallbladder wall thickening with an eccentric mass in 76% (26/34) of cases. The most common types of regional spread demonstrated were direct liver invasion in 91% (31/34), lymphadenopathy in 76% (26/34), and biliary tract invasion in 62% (21/34). Sensitivity for direct hepatic invasion was 100%, and was 92% for lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: MRI and MRCP can provide information relevant to preoperative staging of gallbladder carcinoma.     

Pisotriquetral joint: assessment with MR imaging and MR arthrography

PURPOSE: To evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR arthrographic findings in the pisotriquetral joint (PTJ) and their contribution to assessment of PTJ osteoarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Images of 22 fresh human cadaveric PTJs were obtained with both conventional and arthrographic MR techniques. The MR appearances of all intraarticular and periarticular structures were analyzed and correlated with anatomic slices. Two readers graded visibility of anatomic structures and severity of joint abnormalities. Differences in the visibility ratings at standard MR imaging and at MR arthrography were calculated. Association between the type of pisiform insertion of ligament or muscle with cartilaginous abnormalities of the PTJ was assessed. The association between cartilaginous lesions and osteoarthritic changes was calculated. RESULTS: The tendon sheath, the fibrous capsule, and cartilaginous surfaces were better visualized at MR arthrography than at MR imaging. Pisohamate and pisometacarpal ligaments were slightly better seen on MR arthrograms. Tendons, muscles, and retinacular structures were well demonstrated at both conventional MR and MR arthrography. Cartilaginous lesions and osteophytes were easily identified and were detected more often in the pisiform bone than in the triquetral bone. Communication of the PTJ with the radiocarpal joint was noted in 18 (82%) of 22 wrists. CONCLUSION: MR imaging and/or MR arthrography allows visualization of all anatomic structures of the PTJ. MR arthrography improves visualization of findings of osteoarthritis.     

Renal transplant evaluation with MR angiography and MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is a widely used, noninvasive tool for evaluating the aorta and its branches. It is particularly useful in renal transplant recipients because it provides anatomic detail of the transplant artery without nephrotoxic effects. Volume rendering is underutilized in MR angiography, but this technique affords high-quality three-dimensional MR angiograms, especially in cases of tortuous or complex vascular anatomy. An imaging protocol was developed that includes gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography of the transplant renal artery with volume rendering and multiplanar reformation postprocessing techniques. Axial T2-weighted and contrast material-enhanced T1-weighted MR images are also obtained to examine the renal parenchyma itself and to evaluate for hydronephrosis or peritransplant fluid collections. This imaging protocol allows rapid global assessment of the renal transplant arterial system, renal parenchyma, and peritransplant region. It can also help detect or exclude many of the various causes of renal transplant dysfunction (eg, stenosis or occlusion of a transplant vessel, peritransplant fluid collections, ureteral obstruction). Conventional angiography can thus be avoided in patients with normal findings and reserved for those with MR angiographic evidence of stenosis.