热休克蛋白90α、70、27mRNA在急性白血病细胞中表达的研究

运用RNA分子杂交的方法,观察了热休克蛋白(heat shock protein,HSP)90α、70、27在22例白血病病人细胞,正常血细胞及K562红白血病细胞系中的表达。结果表明:16例白血病病人中,4例急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL),6例急性非淋巴白血病(ANLL)、1例慢性粒细胞白血病急变期(慢粒急变)和2例骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)血细胞呈现HSP27高水平表达,较正常血细胞显著增多,ALL(5例)与ANLL(7例)白血病细胞HSP27表达水平无明显改变。检测了7例白血病细胞HSP70的表达水平,除1例ALL及1例MDS明显升高外,其余5例(包括1例ALL,3例ANLL和1例慢粒急变)显著低于正常血细胞。17例白血病病人细胞(包括9例ANLL、5例ALL、2例慢粒急变和1例MDS)HSP90α表达水平均升高,明显高于正常。结果提示:白血病细胞HSP90α表达水平的升高可能与白血病细胞活跃异常增殖有关,而HSP27基因的高表达可能不是某种急性白血病的特殊标志。     

p73基因与白血病

p73基因与经典的抑瘤基因p53高度同源。p73基因的过表达可诱导肿瘤细胞的生长阻滞并诱导其调亡。约1/3的急性淋巴细胞白血病和Burkitt淋巴瘤病人的p73基因由于高甲基化而表达缺失,但急性髓系白血病病人的p73表达水平高于正常白细胞。p73基因在白血病中的作用需要进一步的阐明。     

肿瘤相关基因chp2在白血病细胞中表达的研究

为了探讨人类肿瘤相关基因chp2在白血病原代细胞和白血病细胞系中表达的特点，选择24例白血病患者、4种白血病细胞系及10名正常人外周血单个核细胞（PBMNC），用实时定量PCR（RQ—PCR）方法检测chp2基因的表达水平。结果显示，10例正常对照细胞chp2mRNA的表达检出率为80％，阳性的表达量为（0．744±0．682）×10^5cps／μl。白血病原代细胞和白血病细胞系chp2mRNA的表达量较正常对照组明显增高（p〈0．05），原代细胞中的7例急性髓细胞白血病（AML）、6例慢性髓细胞白血病（CML）、7例急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）和4例慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）的表达量分别是（11．637±5.588）、（6．122±3．785）、（4．262±2．561）和（3．434±1．974）×10^5cps／μl；白血病细胞系中K562细胞、Jurkat细胞、HL-60细胞和M07e细胞的表达量为（5．243±1.852）、（4．463±1．621）、（4．137±1．837）和（2．578±1．137）×10^6cps/μl，白血病细胞系的表达量高于原代细胞。结论：人类肿瘤相关基因chp2在白血病原代细胞和白血病细胞系中表达水平明显增高，提示其在白血病细胞生长过程中发挥着重要的作用。     

免疫球蛋白重链胚系基因Cμ在白血病中的异常表达

目的：探讨ＩｇＨ胚系Ｃμ基因表达在白血病发病中的意义。方法：应用逆转录聚合酶链反应对各型急、慢性白血病５９例６３份骨髓标本进行免疫球蛋白重链（ＩｇＨ）胚系Ｃμ基因转录本检测。结果：在多种急、慢性白血病亚型中均可以检出胚系Ｃμ链基因的转录。在急性髓系白血病（ＡＭＬ）和急性淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＬＬ）中分别为６５．４％和７５．０％；而慢性粒细胞白血病急变期４例和慢性淋巴细胞白血病２例均呈阳性。ＩｇＨ胚系基因Ｃμ转录本阳性患者中ＨＬＡＤＲ阳性表达者占８０．０％；而在ＡＭＬ伴Ｃμ（＋）者，ＨＬＡＤＲ阳性表达者占９２．９％。对照组均为阴性。结论：相当多的髓系白血病，其白血病细胞系似源于髓系／淋巴系共同干细胞水平，或伴有不可逆性基因重排程序错误及淋巴系、髓系系列间不稳定性     

Lrp16基因在白血病细胞系及白血病患者骨髓中的表达及其临床意义

本研究分析lrp16基因在白血病细胞系及白血病患者骨髓中的表达,探讨lrp16基因与白血病发生、发展的关系。采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）技术检测lrp16基因mRNA在4种白血病细胞系及115例白血病患者骨髓中的表达水平,并结合患者临床特征分析lrp16基因在白血病发生、发展中的作用。4种白血病细胞系包括慢性髓系白血病细胞系K562、急性早幼粒细胞白血病细胞系HL-60、急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞系MOLT4及具有单核细胞特征的白血病细胞系U937。结果表明：lrp16基因在K562、HL-60、MOLT4及U9374种细胞系中均表达。lrp16基因在急性髓系白血病患者表达阳性率为38％（16／42）,其中完全缓解者表达阳性率为13％（4／30）,未缓解者为100％（12／12）;在急性淋巴细胞白血病患者表达阳性率为38％（10／26）,其中完全缓解者阳性率为16％（3／18）,未缓解者为87％（7／8）;在慢性髓系白血病患者表达阳性率为36％（9／25）,其中完全缓解者阳性率为20％（4／20）,未缓解者为100％（5／5）;在慢性淋巴细胞白血病患者表达阳性率为31％（7／22）,其中完全缓解者阳性率为11％（2／17）,未缓解者为100％（5／5）。lrp16基因表达在各种白血病亚型之间无差异,但各亚型中完全缓解者与未缓解者之间存在显著差异（P〈0．001）。结论：lrp16基因是一个白血病癌基因,与白血病的发生、发展密切相关,有可能作为临床白血病治疗疗效的评价指标。     

急性白血病细胞IGSF4基因启动子甲基化的研究

为了研究白血病细胞IGSF4基因启动子是否存在甲基化，采用RT-PCR检测IGSF4在U937，Molt4和HL-60细胞的表达，用MS-PCR检测上述白血病细胞系及21例白血病患者IGSF4基因甲基化情况，用5-杂氮胞苷对白血病细胞系进行去甲基化处理。结果表明：IGSF4启动子在正常骨髓无甲基化，在U937，Molt4和HL-60细胞IGSF4基因由于启动子甲基化而不能表达，上述细胞系经去甲基化处理后均可恢复表达IGSF4。57．1％的急性白血病患者的细胞存在IGSF4启动子甲基化，甲基化发生率在急性髓细胞白血病和急性淋巴细胞白血病无差异。结论：正常IGSF4作为一个抑癌基因可能在阻抑白血病的发生发展中起重要作用，IGSF4基因甲基化可能成为监测白血病复发的指标。     

白血病患者WT1基因的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨ＷＴ１基因在白血病细胞中的表达及其临床意义。方法：应用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）法测定Ｋ５６２、ＨＬ－６０、ＴＦ－１及Ｕ９３７四株白血病细胞系，４５例白血病患者，１５名正常人外周血及１０例非血液病患者正常骨髓细胞ＷＴ１基因的表达。结果：Ｋ５６２、ＨＬ－６０及ＴＦ－１三株白血病细胞系均高度表达ＷＴ１，而Ｕ９３７细胞系未测到ＷＴ１。急性髓系白血病（ＡＭＬ）２５例中２１例、急性淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＬＬ）１１例中８例、慢性粒细胞白血病（ＣＭＬ）急性变者２例、慢性及加速期ＣＭＬ患者７例中１例ＷＴ１表达阳性。１５名正常人外周血及１０例非血液病患者正常骨髓细胞ＷＴ１基因表达阴性。结论：ＷＴ１基因在大多数急性白血病中表达，与白血病的病程发展可能有关，可作为检测白血病微量残留病的特异性标记。     

链亲和素-胶体金原位杂交研究急性白血病的髓过氧化物酶基因表达

用链亲和素-胶体金原位杂交(ISH-SAG)检测了87例急性白血病、7株白血病细胞系和7例正常骨髓细胞的髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的基因表达。结果发现,7例正常骨髓细胞几乎不表达MPO mRNA;粒(单核)细胞系和急性髓性白血病(AML)细胞不同程度表达MPO mRNA;淋巴细胞系和急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)细胞不表达MPOmRNA;7例难分类急性白血病(UAL)中,4例表达MPO mRNA并对髓系抗原阳性;诊断为极低分化的AML;2例只表达免疫球蛋白重链基因,考虑为早期B细胞ALL;1例无任何细胞标志,考虑为急性未分化细胞白血病。上述结果表明,用ISH-SAG检测MPOmRNA敏感性高,特异性强,为确诊AML和区分ALL提供了一个更为有用的新手段,特别对识别停滞在细胞分化早期的AML意义更大。     

IL-6受体α亚单位mRNA和蛋白在人白血病细胞中的表达

为了探讨IL－6R的α亚单位基因与蛋白在人白血病细胞中的表达，为临床利用IL－6／IL－6R系统介导重组IL－6－PE40外毒素融合蛋白靶向杀伤白血病细胞提供可靠依据，采用RT－PCR半定量技术、直接免疫荧光标记及流式细胞术检测了IL－6R的α亚单位基因及蛋白在多种人白血病细胞细胞系中的表达。结果表明，粒系、单核系、红白血病细胞系HL－60，KG－1，U937和TF－1均高表达IL－6R的α亚单位基因和蛋白；淋巴系白血病细胞系Raji亦有一定量的基因表达；而淋巴系细胞等CEM和HuT28以及慢性粒细胞白血病细胞系K562无论是IL－6Rα亚单位的基因还是蛋白均为阴性。相对表达丰度依次为KG－1＞TF－1＞U266＞U937＞HL－60＞Raji。鉴于粒系、单核系、红白血病细胞高表达IL－6Rα亚单位的基因和蛋白，而IL－6Rα亚单位蛋白在正常人外周血细胞均为阴性表达这一事实，提示可以利用IL－6／IL－6R系统介导重组IL－6－PE40外毒素融合蛋白进行靶向杀伤和治疗这些白血病，而且不会对正常血细胞产生毒副作用。     

B7-H1基因在白血病细胞中的表达及其临床意义

本研究通过检测B7-H1基因在多种白血病细胞中的表达水平,探讨其临床意义。采用SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR法检测9株白血病细胞系、4株IFN-γ体外诱导后的白血病细胞系,59例原代急性白血病细胞、10例原代白血病细胞诱导生成的树突状细胞(DC)以及2株实体肿瘤细胞系,10例正常人骨髓单个核细胞中B7-H1mRNA的表达水平,并对59例急性白血病患者的治疗反应与其白血病细胞中B7-H1基因表达水平之间的相关性进行了分析。结果显示:B7-H1 mRNA在白血病细胞系、原代急性白血病细胞中的表达水平较低,在IFN-γ体外诱导后的白血病细胞系、原代白血病细胞诱导生成的DC中的表达水平明显上调,在化疗后未获完全缓解(CR)的患者白血病细胞中B7-H1 mRNA表达水平明显高于化疗后获得CR的患者。结论:B7-H1基因在白血病细胞中的表达水平较低,但在某些因素作用下其表达水平明显上调。白血病细胞中B7-H1基因表达水平与患者的治疗反应有显著相关性。     

Poor Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction Stimulatory Capacity of Leukemic B Cells of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients Despite the Presence of Ia Antigens

The human Ia-like antigens, selectively expressed on B lymphocytes, are now recognized to be closely associated with, or identical to, the gene products of the major histocompatibility complex responsible for stimulation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. The leukemic B lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia express these antigens very well. In the present study they were readily detected by several techniques utilizing both allo- and heteroantisera. However, the leukemic B cells from most patients were found to be extremely poor stimulating cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. This was particularly apparent when comparisons were made on a B-cell basis with isolated normal B lymphocytes.Leukemic cell death, abnormal kinetics of leukemic cell-mediated stimulation, and serum or cellular suppressor factors do not appear to explain these findings. Studies comparing cells from a leukemic patient with those of her HLA identical sibling and results of mixed lymphocyte reactions between normal and leukemic subjects discordant for D-region-associated Ia antigens ruled out genetic explanations for the differences observed. Experiments with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells depleted of T cells and monocytes exclude the quantitative deficiency of monocytes which is found in the peripheral blood of most leukemic patients as an explanation.The present results with chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells indicate that the mere expression of the Ia-like antigens by cell populations does not render them effective stimulators. The accumulated evidence obtained indicate that abnormalities, particularly of membrane function and metabolism, known to occur in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes may be involved in the poor stimulatory capacity of the leukemic B cells.     

急性白血病细胞端粒酶活性与细胞周期的关系

本研究探讨急性白血病细胞端粒酶活性与细胞周期的关系。采用聚合酶链反应 酶联免疫吸附法 (PCR ELISA)检测了 14 8例急性白血病病人和 36例正常对照的细胞端粒酶活性 ,其中急性非淋巴细胞白血病 (ANLL) 92例 ,急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 5 6例 ;同时对 16例急性白血病患者和 4例正常对照用流式细胞术测定了细胞周期。结果发现 :①急性白血病患者细胞的端粒酶阳性率为 71.6 % (10 6 14 8) ,显著高于对照组 5 .6 % (2 36 ) ,其中复发组患者端粒酶阳性率为 88.9% (32 36 ) ,初治组 81.3% (6 1 75 ) ,二者显著高于完全缓解组 35 .1% (13 37) ,P <0 .0 5。ANLL 92例 ,端粒酶阳性率为 71.7% (6 6 92 ) ,ALL 5 6例 ,端粒酶阳性率为 71.4 % (40 5 6 ) ,二者之间无显著性差异。②端粒酶阳性组与阴性组细胞周期各期细胞数无显著性差异。结论 :端粒酶激活在急性白血病中极为普遍 ,且端粒酶阳性率的高低与急性白血病病期相关 ,它可能是急性白血病发展过程中白血病细胞增殖旺盛的分子标志。端粒酶活性的表达与各期细胞数无明显相关 ,提示端粒酶活性的表达还受其它生物学因素的调控。     

DNA nucleotidylexotransferase of normal persons and leukemic patients

We describe a relatively simple and rapid assay for DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (EC 2.7.7.31) activity in normal lymphocytes and leukemic cells from blood and (or) bone marrow of patients with various types of leukemia. We followed the method of Beutler and Kuhl (Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 70: 733, 1978) but separated the product of the reaction by precipitation on filter-paper disks instead of by centrifugation. Normal lymphocytes had a mean activity of 13.5 (SD = 9.21; range 3 to 35) pU/10(8) cells. Leukemic cells from the peripheral blood of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia had a mean activity slightly greater than normal (48 pU/10(8) cells); those from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had a mean activity of 863 pU/10(8) cells, or 62-fold the normal mean. Similarly, cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in acute phase had a normal activity when the cell proliferation was myelogenous, but much higher activities when the cell proliferation was lymphoblastic. Cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia had normal activity. In leukemic patients, approximately similar results were obtained with cells isolated from bone marrow.     

急性B淋巴细胞白血病TGF-β信号转导通路基因表达差异的研究

本研究旨在探讨急性B淋巴细胞白血病（B—ALL）TGF—β信号转导通路基因表达谱。应用荧光实时定量RT-PCR和包含人TGF-β／BMP信号转导通路上113个基因的芯片分别检测经过FAB分型和免疫学分型的B—ALL患者白血病细胞、急性B淋巴细胞白血病细胞株NALM6细胞、Raji细胞的TGF—β，mRNA及TGF—β信号转导通路上各基因表达谱，以经流式细胞术分选的健康人的外周血B淋巴细胞为对照，比较两者差异。结果表明，同健康人外周血B淋巴细胞相比较，B—ALL细胞、NALM6细胞、Raji细胞TGF-β1表达水平下调，cyc和Smad-1基因表达上调，几击、Smad-7基因表达下调。结论：急性B淋巴细胞白血病存在TGF—β信号转导通路异常。     

Relationships between membrane antigens of human leukemic cells and oncogenic RNA virus structural components

Leukemic cells from all human chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) and some acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) donors are lysed by rabbit antisera to a purified glycoprotein of Friend murine leukemia virus (FLV gp71) in a microcytotoxicity assay. These antisera are not cytotoxic to cells from patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), or to peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors. A goat antiserum to gradient purified FLV in addition to reacting with cells from CGL and AMML donors also reacted with cells from AML patients and some ALL donors. However, this antiserum failed to react with cells from CLL patients. Peripheral blood and bone marrow leukocytes prepared from leukemic patients in clinical remission failed to react with antisera to FLV and FLV gp71. Absorption experiments demonstrated that the antigen on CGL cells which is reacting with the antiserum to FLV gp71 is also present on normal human platelets and neutrophils. Similar absorption studies showed that the antigen on AML cells detected by the FLV antiserum is not present on normal leukocytes and platelets and appears to be related to the major internal p30 antigens of mammalian RNA tumor viruses. Another antigenic relationship between oncornaviruses and membrane antigens of human leukemia cells was shown by the ability of FLV antigens to absorb the cytotoxic reactivity of nonhuman primate antisera detecting human leukemia-associated antigens. FLV and FLV gp71 antigens were able to absorb all cytotoxic activity of monkey and chimpanzee antisera to human myeloid leukemia antigens when these antisera were tested with CGL cells. These two approaches to an analysis of cross-reactivity indicate that the antigenic determinant(s) detected by the cytotoxic reactions of the FLV gp71 antiserum with human CGL cells is different from the determinant on FLV gp71 which is responsible for the inhibition of the reactivity of simian antisera with CGL cells. Since the goat and rabbit antisera to FLV and FLV gp71 are able to distinguish AML from CGL cells by direct cytotoxicity testing and absorption, they may be valuable reagents for the serological diagnosis of myeloid leukemia. In addition, since peripheral blood cells from AML and CGL patients in clinical remission were seronegative, the antisera may be valuable as management aids. The data in this report indicates that whatever the mechanism of leukemogenesis is in man, cells from CGL and AML patients possess certain membrane antigens which cross-react with FLV structural components such as p30 and gp71.     

基质细胞衍生因子-1受体CXCR7在急性白血病细胞的表达及意义

目的研究基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)受体CXCR7在急性白血病(AL)细胞株和AL患者骨髓细胞中的表达及意义。方法使用RPMI-1640培养基培养人单核细胞白血病细胞株(THP-1细胞)、人原髓细胞白血病细胞株(HL-60细胞)和人T淋巴细胞白血病细胞株(Jurkat细胞),分离急性髓系白血病(AML)患者和急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者和正常人骨髓单个核细胞,抽取新鲜骨髓2 ml/(人)份,分为ALL组、AML组和正常组,用流式细胞仪和Western blot法观察各组CXCR7蛋白的表达情况。结果 1)CXCR7表达水平:THP-1细胞为(69.05±3.04)%,HL-60细胞为(20.17±1.53)%,Jurkat细胞为(3.41±2.46)%,THP-1细胞表达高于HL-60细胞(P0.01),而HL-60细胞表达又明显高于Jurkat细胞(P0.01)。2)CXCR7表达水平:AML组为(19.03±3.84)%,ALL组为(3.34±1.71)%,正常组为(2.40±1.27)%,AML组与正常组、ALL组相比,CXCR7表达水平明显增加(P0.01),ALL组与正常组对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 AML患者和HL-60细胞的CXCR7表达均明显增高,提示其在AML的发生、发展中可能具有有重要作用,并可能成为1种新的血液肿瘤诊断及治疗的思路和靶点。     

Gamma-irradiation enhances transgene expression in leukemic cells

The majority of immunotherapy-based gene therapy protocols consist of ex vivo gene transfer in tumor cells. To prevent further in vivo growth, modified cells must be irradiated before reinjection into patients. The present study examines the effects of gamma-irradiation on transgene expression in transduced leukemic cells. Human and murine leukemic cells were transfected with retroviral vectors or plasmids carrying beta-galactosidase, GM-CSF or CD80 genes. Fresh leukemic cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were transfected with AdZ.F(pK7) adenoviral vector. gamma-irradiation at various lethal doses enhanced transgene expression in leukemic cell lines and fresh AML cells when the gene of interest was under CMV promoter but not when SV40 promoter was used. Oxidative stress also enhanced transgene expression and both irradiation and oxidative stress effects were inhibited by addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a thiol anti-oxidant, indicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species. Transgene expression was also enhanced in vivo 48 and 120 h after subcutaneous injection of irradiated leukemic cells in syngeneic mice. These results show that a cell vaccine protocol using ex vivo gene transfer of transduced cells might be feasible in acute leukemia even if leukemic cells must be irradiated at lethal doses prior to reinjection to patients.     

bcl－2蛋白对T淋巴细胞白血病细胞株CEM程序性死亡的调控作用

为探讨ｂｃｌ－２蛋白对足叶乙甙触发Ｔ淋巴细胞白血病细胞株ＣＥＭ程序性死亡的调控作用，采用脂质体Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ法，将ｂｃｌ－２基因逆转录病毒载体转入人Ｔ淋巴细胞白血病细胞株ＣＥＭ中，并使其稳定、高效地表达。结果，经足叶乙甙处理后，高表达ｂｃｌ－２蛋白的ＣＥＭ细胞产生梯状ＤＮＡ的量低于对照（Ｐ＜０．０５）。这表明高水平ｂｃｌ－２蛋白对白血病细胞程序性死亡过程可能具有较强的抑制效应。