赛尼哌结合抗胸腺细胞球蛋白免疫诱导在心脏移植中应用的临床经验（附8例报告）

目的 总结本组8例心脏移植受者应用免疫诱导方案治疗的临床经验。方法 8例终末期扩张型心肌病患者接受同种异体原位心脏移植术，免疫诱导采用术前12h内及术后第14天2剂赛尼哌1．0mg／kg(抗白介素-2受体抗体)结合术后前5d5剂抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)100mg/d的方法，免疫抑制维持治疗采用环孢素A(或他克莫司) 骁悉(或硫唑嘌呤） 泼尼松三联方案。结果 全组无死亡，移植后早期心内膜心肌活检无明显急性排斥反应，无移植物功能不全，无明显急性肾功能不全；3例发生机会性感染，1例远期发生急性排斥反应。结论 心脏移植围术期采用2剂赛尼哌结合5剂ATG进行免疫诱导治疗方案能有效预防移植心脏急性排斥反应和减少器官功能损害，但可能增加感染的发生率。     

低剂量抗胸腺细胞球蛋白在肾移植免疫诱导治疗中的应用

目的 探讨低剂量抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)在同种异体肾移植早期排斥反应防治中应用的有效性和安全性.方法 239例同种异体肾移植患者临床资料纳入本项研究,根据应用ATG剂量的不同分为两组:A组(n=116),常规剂量ATG进行免疫诱导治疗,剂量为2 mg·kg-1·d-1,术后连续应用7～14 d;B组(n=123),肾移植患者接受低剂量ATG进行免疫诱导治疗,剂量为0.75 mg·kg-1·d-1,术后连续应用5～10 d.所有病例均接受常规三联免疫抑制治疗方案.对两组患者人肾存活状态、早期排斥反应发生情况、并发症发生率进行比对分析.结果 术后两组急性排斥反应发生率相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后6个月,A、B两组移植受者人肾存活率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后两组间1、3、6个月血肌酐水平相比差异亦无统计学意义.B组术后感染并发症发生率明显低于A组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).白细胞减少症和血小板减少症的发生率在两组间相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 应用ATG进行免疫诱导治疗可以有效防治同种异体肾移植术后早期排斥反应,低剂量ATG在有效发挥免疫诱导作用的同时可以降低感染、白细胞及血小板减少等并发症的发生率.     

抗CD25抗体在致敏受者肾脏移植免疫诱导治疗中的意义

目的　评价致敏受者肾脏移植应用抗CD2 5抗体 (赛尼哌 )作为免疫诱导治疗的有效性和安全性。方法　 3 6例接受尸体肾移植致敏受者 ,分为两组 ,赛尼哌组 18例 ,OKT3组 18例。所有患者免疫抑制维持治疗为普乐可复 /环孢霉素A +骁悉 +强的松三联疗法。赛尼哌组分别在术前 2 4h和术后 14d静脉内输入 5 0mg赛尼哌 ;OKT3组术后第 1天开始给药 ,5mg/d ,持续 5～ 10d。观察两组术后半年内急性排斥 (AR)、移植肾功能延迟恢复 (DGF)、副反应的发生情况。结果　有 7例患者术后发生AR ,其中赛尼哌组 4例 ,OKT3组 3例 (P >0 0 5 )。有 13例发生DGF ,其中赛尼哌组 4例 ,OKT3组 9例 (P <0 0 1)。在过敏反应、细胞因子释放综合征、神经系统症状、感染等方面赛尼哌组发生率明显低于OKT3组 (P<0 0 5 )。结论　赛尼哌是一种强效安全的免疫抑制剂 ,在致敏受者肾脏移植的免疫诱导治疗中效果满意。     

二例原位心脏移植成功的体会

目的:报告2例原位心脏移植成功的初步体会.方法:2003年2月与2004年1月进行了2例原位心脏移植,均为扩张型心肌病.采用冷晶体停跳液阶梯式顺灌进行供心保护,中度低温体外循环下行标准原位心脏移植手术.免疫抑制方案采用赛尼哌及环孢素A、骁悉、甲基强的松龙三联.结果:2病例均存活,心功能恢复至Ⅰ级,围术期无急性排斥反应及感染发生.术后1个月后均发生急性排斥反应1次,1例术后第40天发生肺部感染1次,均得到有效控制.结论:良好的心肌保护、术后合理的监测与抗排异治疗是心脏移植成功的关键.     

赛尼哌对同种异体肾移植急性排斥反应的预防作用

目的：探讨赛尼哌对同种异体肾移植术后急性排斥反应的预防作用。方法：以同期常规免疫抑制方案治疗的20例肾移植患者作为对照组，对术前联合应用1剂赛尼哌治疗的40例患者进行比较，观察急性排斥反应、药物副作用及术后感染等发生情况，时间为6个月。结果：赛尼哌治疗组6月内急性排斥反应发生率为25％，对照组55％，两组差异具有统计学意义。在药物副作用及术后感染发生率方面，治疗组与对照组差异无统计学意义。结论：术前联合应用赛尼哌治疗的免疫抑制方案可以降低急性排斥反应的发生率，改善移植肾功能，无明显不良反应，对同种异体肾移植急性排斥反应有明显的抑制作用。     

单克隆与多克隆抗体联合治疗方案预防移植肾急性排斥反应的疗效观察

目的 评价联合使用单克隆与多克隆抗体免疫抑制诱导治疗方案对肾移植术后6个月内急性排斥(AR)发生率影响.方法 采用前瞻性队列研究设计,将2002年9月～2006年11月113例同种异体肾移植术后患者,分为甲基强的松龙(MP)组(n=29)、MP+抗人T细胞免疫球蛋白(ALG)组(n=17)、MP+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)组(n=8)、MP+赛尼哌组(n=12)、MP+ATG+赛尼哌组(n=30)、MP+ALG+赛尼哌组(n=17),各组免疫抑制诱导治疗后均联合环孢素A(CsA)+吗替麦考酚酯胶囊(MMF)+泼尼松(Pred)3联维持免疫抑制治疗.进行同期队列对照,只定期随访,观察各组急性排斥发生率.结果 各组急性排斥发生率分别为MP组34.5％、MP+ALG组17.6％(RR=2.456,P＞0.05)、MP+ATG组2.5％( RR=3.684,P＞0.05)、MP+赛尼哌组25.0％( RR=1.579,P ＞0.05)、MP+ATG+赛尼哌组3.3％(RR=10.526,P ＜0.05)、MP+ALG+赛尼哌组5.9％(RR=8.421,P ＜0.05).结论 联合单克隆与多克隆抗体免疫抑制诱导治疗方案与单用MP组或单独使用单克隆或多克隆抗体治疗组比较,肾移植术后6个月急性排斥反应发生较低.单独使用单克隆或多克隆抗体治疗方案可减低急性排斥发生率,但与单用MP比较差异无显著性.     

赛尼哌预防肾移植急性排斥反应的临床观察

目的探讨赛尼哌（Zenapax）在预防肾脏移植急性排斥反应的临床效果及其安全性。方法选择2002年～2005年5月接受尸体肾移植88例,术前HLA氨基酸残基配型均为2MM错配,淋巴毒交叉配型阴性。其中群体反应抗体阳性受者为A组（n=28）,其余随机分为赛尼哌治疗组B组（n=30）和对照组C组（n=30）,A和B组赛尼哌用单剂50mg诱导治疗,手术前2h静脉给药。所有受者在围手术期和术后均采用同样＂三联＂免疫抑制方案。结果3组之间的年龄、性别、ABO血型分布、供肾冷热缺血时间差异无显著性。急性排斥反应诊断标准依据临床表现,生化检验,超声波检查,肾移植术后3个月内,A组急性排斥发生率为14.3%（n=4）,B组急性排斥发生率为6.7%（n=2）,C组急性排斥发生率为16.7%（n=5）。使用赛尼哌B组急性排斥发生率明显低于不用赛尼哌组（P〈0.05）,并且赛尼哌组需要接受抗淋巴细胞球蛋白（ALG）治疗的患者少于不用赛尼哌组,胃肠道反应、血液系统的损害及感染发生率等方面差异无显著性。结论通过临床观察赛尼哌可减少急性排斥反应的发生率而不增加总体免疫抑制剂的副作用和感染的并发症,对于PRA阳性受者只要避免致敏的抗体,其治疗效果仍然是良好的。     

两剂量赛尼哌对肾移植急性排斥的预防作用

目的研究两剂量赛尼哌对肾移植中急性排斥的预防作用.方法赛尼哌分别在移植前2h和移植后14d给予,术后应用常规三联免疫抑制治疗.结果术后1年时对照组活检证实急性排斥的发生率为22.5%,赛尼哌组急性排斥发生率为6.82%,明显低于对照组.赛尼哌组中肺部感染5例,其中巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染2例,霉菌性肺炎1例,泌尿系感染6例,与对照组比较无显著性差异.使用赛尼哌前后,淋巴细胞变化无明显差异,无发热、头痛、急性肺水肿等细胞因子释放表现.术后1年时赛尼哌组人/肾存活率分别为95.45%/95.45%,对照组人/肾存活率分别为95%/95%.结论两剂量赛尼哌能减少急性排斥的发生,且疗程短,耐受性良好,无细胞因子释放综合征和增加感染并发症.     

赛尼哌预防肾移植术后急性排斥反应的应用研究

目的:探讨赛尼哌诱导治疗,预防同种异体肾移植术后急性排斥的有效性和安全性.方法:回顾分析已随诊1年的46例应用赛尼哌的肾移植患者(赛尼哌组)临床效果,并以同期肾移植患者未用赛尼哌治疗的66例作为对照组,对照组未进行其它治疗.赛尼哌组(商品名:达利珠单抗;由上海罗氏制药有限公司提供).所有患者均在术中血管开放前1 h使用,第2剂用法相同,在术后第14天给药.对2组术后急性排斥反应、术后感染、白细胞减少等并发症发生情况.结果:赛尼哌组在3个月内急性排斥反应发生率8.6%.显著低于对照组(21.2%,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义.2组在感染及副作用发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:对2剂赛尼哌加上CsA、Pred,联合应用的急性抑制方案可以有效预防同种尸体肾移植患者的急性排斥反应的发生,能明显降低而不增加肾移植术后急性感染、白细胞减少等并发症.     

大鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应期基因表达变化的研究

目的　研究同种异基因大鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应期相关基因表达的改变。方法　采用近交系Lewis和SD大鼠 ,分别建立Lewis(供体 )→SD(受体 )大鼠心脏移植模型为实验组 (n =2 4 ) ;Lewis→Lewis大鼠心脏移植模型为同期对照组 (n =2 4 )。术后 1、3、5d各时点分别处死 ,取移植心脏进行普通病理检查 ;应用基因芯片技术对术后5d移植心脏进行mRNA检测。结果　实验组移植心脏术后 3d开始发生急性排斥反应 ,术后 5d全部发生严重的急性排斥反应 ;而对照组未发生急性排斥反应。共发现差异表达基因总数为 2 1 0条 (下调 96条 ,上调 1 1 4条 ) ;其中已知基因有 33条 (下调 1 3条 ,上调 2 0条 ) ;未知基因 1 77条 (下调 83条 ,上调 94条 )。结论　心脏移植急性排斥反应涉及多基因表达改变 ,分析差异表达的基因 ,有助于进一步了解心脏移植急性排斥反应的发生机制。     

Immunosuppression induction with daclizumab and antithymocyte globulin in cardiac transplantation: clinical experience with 8 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical experience of immunosuppression induction therapy to prevent acute rejection in 8 patients with cardiac transplant. METHODS: Between June, 2000 and May, 2002, 8 patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing orthotopic cardiac transplantation received induction therapy with two-dose daclizumab (1.0 mg/kg), given intravenously within 12 h before cardiac-transplantation surgery and two weeks thereafter, and with an initial 5-day course of intravenous antithymocyte globulin (100 mg/d) following transplantation. Cyclosporine or tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine, and prednisolone were applied for immunosuppression maintenance. RESULTS: No death occurred during the follow-up. Routine endomyocardial biopsies in all cases performed in the early stage detected only mild rejection, and no acute allograft or renal dysfunction was found. Three patients developed opportunistic infection, and only one had late acute rejection in the 14th post-transplantation month. CONCLUSIONS: Induction therapy with intravenous daclizumab and antithymocyte globulin is effective to prevent acute rejection and alleviate organ dysfunction in cardiac transplantation, but might increase the chance of infections.     

赛尼哌诱导治疗对肝移植相关性肾衰的保护作用

目的 评估赛尼哌诱导治疗对肝移植相关性肾衰的保护作用。方法 对照研究非诱导组、诱导组手术成功率、围手术期透析时间、感染性并发症、肝，肾功能的变化。结果 诱导组的手术成功率显著高于非诱导组；急性排斥反应的发生率显著低于非诱导组；围手术期透析时间显著低于非诱导组；术后血清肌酐的下降速度明显快于非诱导组；感染性并发症发生率、转氨酶变化与非诱导组无显著差异。结论 在肝移植相关性肾衰患者中应用赛尼哌诱导治疗是安全、有效的。它可显著提高手术成功率，降低急性排斥反应的发生率。     

Alemtuzumab induction therapy in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients

Background  Immunosuppression for immunologically high-risk kidney transplant patients usually involves antithymocyte globulin induction with triple drug maintenance therapy. Alemtuzumab, a humanized anti-CD52 antibody, was expected to be a promising induction therapy agent for kidney transplantation. However, currently no consensus is available about its efficacy and safety. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab as immune induction therapy in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients.

Methods  In this prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled trial, we enrolled 23 highly immunological risk patients (panel reactive antibody >20%). They were divided into two groups: alemtuzumab group (trial group) and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) group (control group). Patients in the alemtuzumab group received intravenous alemtuzumab (15 mg) as a single dose before reperfusion. At the 24th hour post-operation, another dosage of alemtuzumab (15 mg) was given. The control group received a bolus of rabbit ATG (9 mg/kg), which was given 2 hours before kidney transplantation and lasted until the removal of vascular clamps when the anastomoses were completed. Maintenance immunosuppression in both groups comprised standard triple therapy consisting of tacrolimus, prednisone, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Acute rejection (AR) and infection episodes were recorded, and kidney function was monitored during a 2-year follow-up. χ² test, t test and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed with SPSS17.0 software.

Results  Median follow-up was 338 days. In both the alemtuzumab group and ATG group, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen values in surviving recipients were similar (P >0.05). White blood cell counts were significantly reduced in the alemtuzumab group for the most time points up to 6 months (P <0.05). One patient receiving alemtuzumab died for acute myocardial infarction at the 65th day post-operation. Two ATG patients died for severe pulmonary infection or cardiac and pulmonary failure. Cumulative 2-year graft survival rate was 90.9% in the alemtuzumab group and 81.8% in ATG group (P >0.05) respectively. There was one graft failure in the alemtuzumab group and two graft failures in ATG group, with all graft failures at tributed to rejection episodes. The alemtuzumab group had a 2-year cumulative freedom from rejection rate of 81.8%, compared with 72.7% for the ATG group (P >0.05).

Conclusion  Alemtuzumab induction therapy for highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients is an effective and safe protocol yielding an acceptable acute rejection rate.

     

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF REJECTION AFTER SIMULTANEOUS PANCREAS-KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

Objective To explore methods of preventing and reversing rejection after simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) tran splantation. Methods Seventeen patients underwent SPK transplantation from September 1999 to September 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Immunosuppression was achieved by a triple drug regimen consisting of cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofteil (MMF), and steroids. Three patients were treated with anti-CD3 monoclone antibody (OKT3, 5 mg· d-1) for induction therapy for a mean period of 5-7 days. One patients received IL-2 receptor antibodies (daclizumab) in a dose of 1 mg· kg-1 on the day of transplant and the 5th day posttransplant. One patient was treated with both OKT3 and daclizumab for induction. Results No primary non-functionality of either kidney or pancreas occurred in this series of transplantations. Function of all the kidney grafts recovered within 2 to 4 days after transplantation. The level of serum creatinine was 94 ± 11 μmol/L on the 7th day posttransplant. One patient experienced the accelerated rejection, resulting in the resection of the pancreas and kidney grafts because of the failure of conservative therapy. The incidence of the first rejection episodes at 3 months was 47.1% (8/17). Only the kidney was involved in 35.3% (6/17); and both the pancreas and kidney were involved in 11.8% (2/17). All these patients received a high-dose pulse of methylprednisone (0.5 g·d-1) for 3 days. OKT3 (0.5 mg·d-1) was administered for 7-10 days in two patients with both renal and pancreas rejection. All the grafts were successfully rescued. Conclusion Rejection, particularly acute rejection, is the major cause influencing graft function in SPK transplantation. Monitoring renal function and pancreas exocrine secretion, and reasonable application of immunosuppressants play important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of rejection.     

以他克莫司为基础的不同免疫抑制方案在肝移植后应用的比较研究

目的观察以他克莫司（FK506）为基础的免疫抑制方案在肝移植后合理的联用方法及合适的血药浓度。方法本实验为单中心、随机、开放、前瞻性研究。从2001年2月至2004年7月首次肝移植患者94例,初始给予以他克莫司为基础的免疫抑制方案治疗（二联：联用糖皮质激素;三联：联用麦考吗替酚酯（MMF）＋糖皮质激素;四联：联用MMF＋糖皮质激素,用2个剂量赛尼哌诱导治疗）,比较术后6个月各组之间的有效性与安全性。结果术后6个月内急性排斥反应率：二联25．9％,三联11．1％,四联7．5％;二联组与四联组比差异有显著性（P=0．038）。术后6个月人／肝存活率相同,分别为：二联88．9％,三联92．6％,四联92．5％,P=0．67。高血压发病率分别为：二联37．O％,三联18．52％,四联17．50％,P=0．834。高血糖发病率分别为：二联40．7％,三联33．3％,四联35．O％,P=0．573。手震颤发病率分别为：二联59．3％,三联51．9％,四联47．5％。P=0．639。乙肝再感染率分别为：二联12．O％,三联19．2％,四联7．9％,P=0．339;CMV感染率分别为：二联55．6％,三联59．3％,四联67．5％,P=0．586;细菌感染率分别为：二联48．2％,三联44．4％,四联55％,P=0．680。在术后3个月谷氨酸转氨酶（ALT）水平分别为：二联：64．04-50．9,三联：29．34-23．0,四联：30．004-37．4,P=0．030;四联比二联显著低,P=0．011。血胆固醇（Tch）水平分别为：二联：5．244-1．17,三联：4．704-1．06,四联：4．364-1．09,P=0．005;四联组比二联组显著低。P=0．002。结论以他克莫司为基础的免疫抑制方案应选择低剂量联合应用对移植肝有较好的保护作用,减低对机体的毒副作用。     

A retrospective comparison of the efficacy and safety in kidney transplant recipients with basiliximab and anti-thymocyte globulin

Background  Induction therapy are utilized to achieve an adequate immunosuppression at the time of transplantation. The use of basiliximab or anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) for induction therapy has significantly reduced the incidence of acute rejection episodes post-transplantation. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the basiliximab in patients with immuno-induction therapy after kidney transplantation with the ATG.

Methods  A retrospective analysis was carried out in kidney transplant recipients including 146 patients with the basiliximab and 116 cases with the ATG and the acute rejection, graft function, infective complications and 1-year and 5-year actuarial patient and graft survival after renal transplantation were compared between the two treatment groups.

Results  There were no statistically significant difference between groups regarding age, sex, cold ischemic time, warm ischemic time, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching type between the donor and recipient, lymphotoxin test and the use of immunosuppressive agents. There was no statistical significance regarding the incidence of the acute rejection (9.59% vs. 8.62%, P=0.481) and delayed graft function (10.27% vs. 9.48%, P=0.501) between groups. There were significantly lower lung infection incidence (5.48% vs. 12.93%, P=0.029) in the basiliximab-treated group in comparison with the ATG-treated group. One-year patient and graft survival rates were 98%, 97% for the basiliximab-treated group, and 95%, 73% for the ATG-treated group, respectively. Five-year patient and graft survival rates were 92%, 86% for the basiliximab-treated group and 93%, 72% for the ATG-treated group, respectively. Log rank test showed statistically significant difference with P=0.038 for patients and P=0.033 for grafts, respectively. There were significantly lower the incidence of granulocytopenia (8.22% vs. 17.24%, P=0.022) and thrombocytopenia (4.11% vs. 19.83%, P=0.000) after transplantation in the basiliximab-treated group in comparison with the ATG-treated group. There was no statistical significance regarding the incidence of the heart dysfunction after transplantation between the two groups (6.16% vs. 6.90%, P=0.502).

Conclusion  The immuno-induction therapy with the basiliximab in kidney transplant recipients is efficient and safe with less complication compared with the ATG.

     

Renal Transplantation: Experience at a Single Centre

Background

Renal transplantation program in the Armed Forces commenced in Feb 1991 and till date 245 patients have undergone renal transplantation at INHS Asvini. We describe our protocols for donor and recipient evaluation and immunosuppression. Methods: 245 patients received renal transplants during this period, 243 (99.2%) being from live donors. Most of them were started on triple immunosuppression comprising of cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisolone. Newer drugs like mycophenolate, tacrolimus and sirolimus were administered in a select population.

Result

69 (28.1%) of them had at least one episode of acute rejection, most of which were steroid responsive and 13 (18.8%) of them required either anti CD3 monoclonal or anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). Complete recovery with normal renal function occurred in 54 (78.2%) cases and 15 (21.7%) recovered with residual dysfunction with maximum serum creatinine being 2.1mg/dl. There were three (1.2%) cases of accelerated rejection during the first week of transplantation and one had graft rupture. All three lost their grafts. There were eight (3.2%) cases of acute tubular necrosis, who recovered completely within 8–14 days. Immediate infections included wound sepsis, lower respiratory tract infection, disseminated candidiasis and disseminated aspergillosis. Late infections included pulmonary tuberculosis, disseminated tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus infection and recurrent urinary tract infection. 28 (11.4%) patients developed post transplant diabetes mellitus. At the end of one year and five years, graft and patient survival were 97.2%, 93%, 80.9% and 85.7% respectively.

Conclusion

Our outcomes show that the transplantation is a viable mode of renal replacement therapy in patients of end stage kidney disease with a near normal rehabilitation.Key Words: Kidney, Transplantation, Immunosuppression, Complications     

肾移植术后巨细胞病毒肺炎伴急性呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗

[目的]探讨肾移植术后巨细胞病毒肺炎伴急性呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗方法。[方法]1992年至2001年我院肾移植术后巨细胞病毒肺炎合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者42例,全部给予呼吸机辅助呼吸、氧疗,以及抗病毒治疗,丙氧鸟苷10 mg/(kg·d),分2次静滴,7~10 d无好转加用或改用磷钾酸钠180 mg/(kg·d),分3次静滴;调整免疫抑制剂:泼尼松减量至10 mg/d,环孢素剂量减至发病前的1/3~1/4,或停用环孢素,全部停用霉酚酸酯或硫唑嘌呤,直至体温正常、症状消失;其中12例患者在此治疗基础上,给予胸腺肽(日达先)治疗,1.6 mg皮下注射,每天或隔天1次至体温正常。[结果]42例患者总存活率38％(16/42),给予胸腺肽治疗的患者存活83％(10/12),明显高于没有接受胸腺肽治疗的患者的20％(6/30)(P<0.01)。所有存活病人肾功能正常,仅1例于1个内发生急性排斥。[结论]为提高肾移植术后巨细胞病毒肺炎合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效,应给予抗病毒治疗、调整免疫抑制剂、呼吸机辅助呼吸等综合治疗;免疫增强剂胸腺肽可能提高存活率,不增加急性排斥反应的发生。     

肾移植术后急性体液性排斥反应的治疗

目的探讨肾移植术后急性体液性排斥反应的治疗方案。方法对12例肾移植术后的急性体液性排斥反应采用抗胸腺球蛋白（ATG，100mg／d&#215;5d）、血浆置换（PP，1～3次）和大剂量丙种球蛋白（IVIG，每周1．0g／kg，分2～3次静脉滴注）联合治疗。结果12例患者排斥反应均逆转。1例患者并发急性肾小管坏死。抗排斥治疗期间未发生严重感染性并发症。随访12～38个月，1例患者在术后16个月因慢性排斥反应恢复血液透析，其余患者移植肾功能良好。结论ATG联合PP—WIG能有效逆转肾移植术后急性体液性排斥反应，成功率高，并发症少。     

心脏移植中远期急性排斥反应的临床观察

目的 分析心脏移植受者中远期急性排斥反应的临床特点,提高心脏移植远期效果.方法 14例心脏移植受者,男11例,女3例.经典免疫方案3例,诱导方案11例,维持治疗采用环孢素A+硫唑嘌呤或霉酚酸酯+泼尼松三联方案.急性排斥反应发生时间:移植后3～6个月1例,6个月～1年3例,1～2年3例,2～5年6例,5年以上1例.结果 经典方案与诱导方案受者的中远期排斥率间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).8例自行减量或停药.激素敏感急性排斥反应9例,耐激素急性排斥反应5例;接受激素冲击或抗胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白治疗,硫唑嘌呤转换为霉酚酸酯.5例死亡,4例为耐激素急性排斥反应,1例为激素敏感急性排斥反应;其余受者生活质量良好,无再发急性排斥反应、感染等并发症.结论 心脏移植受者中远期急性排斥反应与早期免疫方案无关而多与依从性有关,程度较严重,激素冲击或多克隆抗体治疗有效.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the clinical features of mid- and long-term acute cardiac allograft rejection to improve the long-term clinical outcomes of the patients.Methods Fourteen recipients(11 males and 3 females)underwent orthotopic heart transplantation with standard immunosuppressive therapy protocols(3 cases)or induction therapy protocols(11 cases).Cyclosporine,azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil,and prednisolone were applied as the maintenance immunosuppressive regimen.Acute graft rejection episodes occurred within 3 to 6 monthsin 1 case,within 6 months to 1 year in 3 cases,within 1 to 2 yearsin 3 cases,within 2t o 5 years in 6 cases,and above 5 years in 1 case.Results No significant difference was found in the incidence of late heart rejection between the patients receiving the two immunosuppressive therapy protocols.Immunosuppressants were withdrawn or spared in 8 recipients due to different causes.Nine recipients with steroid-sensitive acute cardiac allograft rejection were treated with steroid-pulse therapy,while the other 5 were treated with a short course of polyclonal antithymocyte antibodies because of steroid-resistant acute rejection;in 11 cases,azathioprine was converted to mycophenolate mofetil.Four of the 5 late deaths occurred in the recipients with steroid-resistant rejection.The surviving recipients had a good quality of life,and no recurrent episodes of rejection or infection were observed in the follow-up period.Conclusions Late acute cardiac allograft rejection is associated mainly with patient compliance but not with early immunosuppressive therapy protocols.The episodes are rather severe and should be timely treated with steroid pulses or polyclonal antithymocyte antibodies.