经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术诊断单纯前列腺特异抗原增高型前列腺癌

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术诊断单纯前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)增高型前列腺癌的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析84例接受经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术的患者资料。所有患者直肠指诊及常规超声检查结果均为阴性。根据血清PSA分为4组:A组24例,PSA 4~20ng/ml;B组8例,PSA 21~30ng/ml;C组32例,PSA 31~100ng/ml;D组20例,PSA100ng/ml。结果 84例患者穿刺术后均未出现并发症。49例穿刺病理诊断为前列腺癌(49/84,53.33%),其中A组检出1例(1/49,2.04%),B组检出4例(4/49,8.16%),C组检出24例(24/49,48.98%),D组检出20例(20/49,40.82%)。A、B、C、D组中前列腺穿刺活检阳性率分别为4.17%(1/24)、50.00%(4/8)、75.00%(24/32)、100%(20/20),差异有统计学意义(χ2=47.143,P0.05)。结论经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术并发症少,对单纯PSA增高型前列腺癌具有较高的阳性率。     

超声引导下经直肠前列腺饱和穿刺在首次活检阴性人群中的诊断价值

目的探讨超声引导下经直肠饱和穿刺在临床疑诊为前列腺癌但首次活检阴性患者中的诊断价值,评价其有效性和安全性。方法将120例因前列腺特异抗原（PSA）和（或）直肠指检异常而接受前列腺12针穿刺活检、且结果为阴性的患者纳入研究,随机分为扩大穿刺组（采用12针扩大穿刺法）和饱和穿刺组（采用24针饱和穿刺法）,行超声引导下经直肠重复穿刺活检。对两组患者均行前列腺周围神经阻滞术,穿刺活检过程中观察患者情况,并采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）评估疼痛程度。结果两组患者年龄、总PSA水平、PSA密度、前列腺总体积及移行区体积、首次穿刺病理、直肠指诊情况、穿刺活检过程中患者VAS和术后并发症差异均无统计学意义（P均＞O．05）。饱和穿刺组前列腺体积＞60ml者的穿刺阳性率高于扩大穿刺组（P-0．033）,其穿刺总体阳性率亦高于扩大穿刺组（31．67％VS15．00％,P-0．031）。结论经直肠饱和穿刺活检可以提高临床疑诊前列腺癌但首次活检阴性者的前列腺癌检出率,且不增加并发症发生率。     

经直肠超声引导13点法前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌

目的：评价经直肠超声引导13点法前列腺系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。方法：按照Eskew描述的方法,在标准的经直肠超声引导6点法前列腺系统穿刺活检术的基础上,增加在前列腺的中间部位及前列腺两侧旁正中线远侧的穿刺点数,总共穿刺活检13处。将增加的7处活检部位的病理结果与标准的6点法前列腺系统穿刺活检术进行比较,并对经直肠超声引导13点法前列腺系统穿刺活检术的并发症进行了讨论。结果：总共51例患者中有20例确诊为前列腺癌（20/51）,占39%,此20例前列腺癌患者若仅采用标准的经直肠超声引导6点法前列腺系统穿刺活检术,将有5例患者漏诊,占25%。所有接受经直肠超声引导13点法法前列腺系统穿刺活检术的患者无一例出现严重的并发症。结论：经直肠超声引导13点法前列腺系统穿刺活检术可明显提高前列腺癌的临床检出率,是一种安全、有效的前列腺系统穿刺活检术式,值得在临床推广应用。     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检203例临床分析

目的评估经直肠超声引导的前列腺六针穿刺活检在前列腺癌及前列腺其他疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断的价值。方法对指肛检查阳性，血清PSA〉4pg／L及经直肠超声检查前列腺声像图异常怀疑有占位性病变的203人进行经直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检。结果穿刺活检的203例病理结果：良性前列腺增生（BPH）104例占51．24％，前列腺癌（PCa）95例占46．80％，前列腺结核及前列腺平滑肌肉瘤各2例，分别占0．98％。结论经直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检其操作简单，病人痛苦小，并发症少，较安全。在前列腺癌及其他前列腺疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断中有重要的临床价值。     

经直肠超声引导13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术160例报告

目的　探讨经直肠超声引导 13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。　方法　对 160例直肠指诊阳性和 (或 )PSA >4ng/ml的患者行经直肠超声引导 13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术。即在标准的经直肠超声引导 6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术同时 ,增加前列腺中间部位及前列腺两侧旁正中线远侧的穿刺点数 ,共穿刺活检 13点。将增加的 7点活检部位病理结果与标准的 6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术进行比较。　结果　 160例患者中确诊为前列腺癌者 5 6例 ( 3 5 % )。 5 6例患者如按 6点穿刺方法 ,将有 12例患者漏诊 ,占 2 1%。 160例患者均未出现严重并发症。　结论　经直肠超声引导 13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术可明显提高前列腺癌的临床检出率     

超声引导下经不同针数直肠前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺癌的早期诊断效果对比

目的探讨超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检在诊断前列腺癌的价值。方法选取2013年1月至2016年12月在本院就诊的疑似前列腺癌患者62例，均超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检，分析不同穿刺法的阳性检出情况。结果本组研究62例患者，穿刺活检病理结果为前列腺癌患者25例（40.32%），其中34例接受10针法穿刺，28例接受12+1针法穿刺，两种穿刺的阳性率分别为35.29%（12/34）和46.43%（13/28），差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；前列腺体积≥90 mL患者10针法阳性检出率为33.33%（5/15），明显低于12+1针法的87.50%（7/8），差异比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；10针法和12+1针法在不同年龄、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）及指诊情况下阳性检测率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；10针法和12+1针法穿刺后血尿、血便、疼痛、尿潴留及感染发生比例差异比较无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 应根据患者具体情况选取穿刺方法，当患者前列腺体积超过90 mL时，应采取12+1针法穿刺，有助于前列腺癌的检出，而当＜90 mL时，选取10针法穿刺较适宜。     

经直肠超声引导自动活检枪前列腺穿刺260例分析

目的：研究经直肠超声引导自动活检枪前列腺穿刺在诊断早期前列腺癌方面的意义。方法：患者分为两组,第1组230例为经每年一次PSA筛选,PSA＞4μg/L而进行直肠指检（DRE）和经直肠超声引导自动活检枪穿刺（TRUS）加活检的澳大利亚患者;第2组30例为DRE有可疑结节而进行TRUS加活检的国内病例。结果：经直肠超声引导自动活检枪前列腺穿刺所获标本取材全部优良,符合病理诊断的要求。第1组检出前列腺癌82例,其中T2a期以内80例,T2b2例,不典型增生19例;第2组检出前列腺癌8例,其中1例属于T2b,已行根治性前列腺切除术,另外7例至少在T3期以上。所有患者穿刺后未发生严重并发症。结论：经直肠超声引导自动活检枪前列腺穿刺是确诊早期前列腺癌的重要的方法,而且并发症少,值得推广。     

超声引导下经会阴穿刺活检在前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的：探讨超声引导下经会阴道前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的价值。方法：对376例临床怀疑前列腺癌患者行直肠腔内超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检。分3组。A组：184例,为指检前列腺触及结节或前列腺增大、质硬怀疑前列腺癌者;B组：84例,为因前列腺增生行直肠腔内超声检查发现有异常回声区域者;C组：108例,为指检未及明显硬节而血中PSA＞10ng/ml者。结果：3组穿刺活检阳性率分别为44．5％（82／184）,29．8％（25／84）,57．4％（62／108）。结论：直肠腔内超声引导下经会阴穿刺活检取材准确,能清楚显示穿刺针的径路和深度,避免损伤邻近脏器,可重复操作,明显提高穿刺活检的阳性率。     

动态腔内三维超声造影断层指导经会阴前列腺穿刺活检的应用研究

目的:探讨经直肠前列腺动态腔内三维超声造影断层成像(3D-CETRUS TUI)在不同水平血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)患者穿刺活检(Transperineal Biopsies)中的应用价值。方法:本研究前瞻性地纳入了180例PSA升高(≥μg/L)或直肠指诊结果异常(DRE)的患者。按PSA浓度分为A组104例(PSA≤10μg/L)和B组76例(PSA10μg/L)。所有患者在术前均行经直肠前列腺动态腔内三维超声造影(3D-CETRUS),并在二维灰阶超声引导下行经会阴前列腺穿刺活检。首先在腔内双平面探头引导下对每例患者进行标准12针经会阴系统穿刺,其后对3D-CETRUS TUI发现的异常区域穿刺2针。以病理结果为金标准,比较3D-CETRUS TUI指导与12针系统穿刺法的诊断效能。结果:所有180例患者中69例病理诊断为前列腺癌(38.33%);共穿刺2 520针,其中631针标本检测出前列腺癌灶(25.03%)。A、B组患者阳性检出率分别为37.5%(39/104)和57.9%(44/76)。3D-CETRUS TUI指导穿刺在A、B组中阳性针数检出率高于12针系统穿刺法(P0.05),A组中阳性患者检出率高于12针系统穿刺(P0.05),B组中两种方法的阳性患者检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对PSA水平为≤10μg/L的患者,采用3D-CETRUS TUI指导经会阴前列腺穿刺较12针系统穿刺法更有助于阳性病灶的检出。对PSA水平为10μg/L的患者,3D-CETRUS TUI指导穿刺有望成为减少穿刺针数的有效方法。     

经直肠超声引导13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术的并发症及防治

目的探讨经直肠超声引导13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术的并发症及防治措施.方法回顾性分析本组1998年8月至2004年12月336例接受经直肠超声引导13点前列腺穿刺活检术患者的临床资料.结果336例患者中出现的并发症有:血尿218例;血便67例,血精10例,感染10例,明显疼痛(VAS评分大于5分)85例,血管迷走神经反应10例等.结论经直肠超声引导13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术用于诊断前列腺癌常可见小的并发症,大的并发症则很少见.该术式用于诊断前列腺是安全的.     

8点及12点前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的价值比较研究

目的比较8点及12点前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的价值,分析前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)及前列腺体积(PV)对前列腺癌检出率(PCDR)的影响。方法回顾性分析260例因PSA异常增高而接受首次直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的患者相关资料,其中132例患者接受8点穿刺,128例患者接受12点穿刺。结果依据PSA、PV、PSA与PV及PSAD,患者被进一步分组。8点及12点的总的PCDR没有显著的差异,在PV≥45mL、PSA≥10ng/mL且PV≥45mL及0.15ng/(mL·cm3)≤PSAD≤0.25ng/(mL·cm3)组中,12点的PCDR明显高于8点。结论 8点及12点前列腺穿刺总的PCDR没有显著区别(P0.05),但在PV较大同时PSA较高或者PSAD处于中等大小时(0.15~0.25)ng/(mL·cm3),12点的PCDR明显高于8点(P均0.05)。     

超声引导前列腺12针系统穿刺活检术

目的　探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺12针系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。　方法　对220例行经直肠B超引导下前列腺12针(在传统6针基础上增加前列腺两侧外周带外侧底、中、尖部各1针)系统穿刺活检术的患者资料进行回顾性分析。　结果　前列腺癌患者73例(33. 2% ),临床分期T1 4例、T2 21例、T3 15例、T4 33例,如按传统6针穿刺方法穿刺,检出率为31. 4%,将有4例早期癌(T1 3例、T2 1例,体积均<0. 5ml)患者漏诊, 6针较12针穿刺漏诊早期癌16% (4 /25)。220例患者均未出现严重并发症。　结论　12针较6针系统穿刺活检可以增加早期癌和小体积癌( <0. 5ml)的检出,应重视对前列腺外周带外侧6点的穿刺。     

超声引导下经直肠系统性12＋1针前列腺穿刺活检术

目的探讨超声引导下经直肠系统性12＋1针前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。方法回顾性分析816例经直肠前列腺系统性12＋1针穿刺活检的可疑前列腺癌患者。其中PSA＜4ng／ml、直肠指诊发现结节者66例;PSA介于4～10ng／ml、f／tPSA值异常、PSAD值异常者190例;PSA〉10ng／ml、任何f／tPSA、PSAD值者560例。结果816例患者中活检病理确诊为前列腺癌者358例,总阳性率为43．9％（358／816）。其中位于前列腺尖部阳性者235例,占确诊病例总数的65．6％（235／358）。术后发热9例（1．0％,9／816）,并发血尿49例（6．0％,49／816）。几乎所有患者皆有短时大便带血。无其他严重并发症发生。结论超声引导下经直肠系统性前列腺12＋1针穿刺活检术定位准确,创伤较小,并发症较少。可以随机增加穿刺点,利于提高前列腺癌检出率。     

超声引导下前列腺12针系统穿刺活检增加前列腺癌检出率的研究

目的:探讨不同年龄及前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)分组对12针穿刺活检前列腺癌检出率及肿瘤特征的影响。方法:临床表现怀疑前列腺癌患者210例,按照患者的年龄分为≤59岁组、60～69岁组、70～79岁组、≥80岁组,按照PSA水平分为0～4μg/L组、4.1～10μg/L组、10.1～20μg/L组、20.1～50μg/L组、>50μg/L组,记录患者临床资料及活检结果。提出不同的穿刺方案并计算其检出率。结果:210例怀疑为前列腺癌患者,检出前列腺癌91例,总的前列腺癌检出率为43.3%,随着年龄的增长,PSA水平的提高,检出率逐渐提高。年龄的增长、PSA水平的提高与体积较大、分级较高的肿瘤密切相关。外周带穿刺与旁正中矢状尖部穿刺有较高的前列腺癌检出率。当患者年龄<60岁,PSA水平<20μg/L时,12针穿刺活检为较佳方案。结论:12针穿刺活检可以弥补6针穿刺活检的缺陷,随着患者年龄的增长,PSA水平的提高,肿瘤的体积增大、病理分级较差。传统6针穿刺法与12针相比,受患者年龄、PSA水平的影响较大。     

Transperineal extended biopsy improves the clinically significant prostate cancer detection rate: A comparative study of 6 and 12 biopsy cores

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the improvement in the rate of prostate cancer detection when using a 12-core transperineal biopsy protocol including transitional zone biopsy. METHODS: Between April 2003 and November 2004, 247 consecutive men underwent transperineal systemic 12-core biopsy of the prostate. Six cores were obtained at the peripheral zone, four at the transitional zone and two at the apex. We examined the cancer detection rate in each of the 12 cores, and also determined the improvement of cancer detection resulting from the extensive 12-core versus standard 6-core biopsy. RESULTS: Using the extensive 12-core biopsy, prostate cancer was detected in 98 cases (39.7%). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density, the positive rate in digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound findings were significantly higher in the prostate cancer group than in the non-prostate cancer group, and prostate volume was larger in non-prostate cancer group. Every site showed almost the same positive rate, between 17.8 and 21.5%. There were 20 cases which were positive in the extended biopsy, but negative in the sextant. The detection improved significantly (20.4%). The improvement of cancer detection in extended biopsy was better in men with PSA levels of 10 ng/mL or less (28.9%), PSA density 0.3 or less (25.8%), negative digital rectal examination (23.3%), and negative transrectal ultrasound (21.6%). Of these twenty patients, no cases with insignificant tumor were detected in the six prostatectomy cases. In particular, three cases of the six were transitional-zone-only cancer. CONCLUSION: Transperineal extended 12-core biopsy including 4 transitional zone cores is a more useful procedure than transperineal 6-core biopsy. Routine transitional zone biopsy, that is different from transrectal biopsy, might be useful for detecting biologically significant cancer.     

An extended 10-core transrectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsy protocol improves the detection of prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of TRUS guided 10-core biopsy strategy for Turkish patients who had biopsy of the prostate for the first time. METHODS: Between February 2001 and May 2003, 303 consecutive men with suspected prostate cancer were included in the study. Indications for TRUS guided prostate biopsy were: abnormal digital rectal examination and/or a serum PSA over 2.5 ng/ml. All of the patients underwent a 10-core biopsy protocol with additional core from the each suspicious area detected by TRUS. Besides the sextant technique, 4 more biopsies were obtained from the lateral peripheral zone. We aimed to analyze whether cancer detection improved with the extended versus the standard sextant biopsy in our series overall and in each subgroup. RESULTS: Of 303 patients 94 (31%) were positive for prostate cancer. Median age and PSA of prostate cancer patients were significantly higher than of the non-cancer patients. Besides prostate volumes of the cancer patients were significantly lower than of the non-cancer ones. The cancer detection rates were 31% (94/303) and 23.1% (70/303) for the 10-core biopsy strategy and sextant biopsy strategies, respectively. Thus the 10-core biopsy technique increased cancer detection rate by 25.5% (24/94) for the whole group of patients. A statistically significant number of additional cancers were detected with 10-core biopsy strategy for all the subgroups of the patients. Furthermore 10-core biopsy protocol detected more cancers (at least 6.4%) than all the probable different combinations of 8-core biopsy protocols. Among the 94 cancer patients, biopsy from a suspicious area revealed cancer in 31.9% of them; however, in all of these patients cancer was already present in the 10-core biopsy. On the other hand, lesion biopsies revealed 5.7% additional cancers if sextant technique was used. There were only 3 (0.9%) serious complications requiring hospitalization and all 3 were infections controlled by appropriate antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Adding 4 lateral peripheral biopsies to the conventional sextant biopsy (10-core biopsy strategy) technique has increased the cancer detection rate by 25.5% without significant morbidity and without increasing the number of insignificant cancers. 10-core biopsy protocol was superior to all probable 8-core biopsy protocols in our study group. Additional biopsies from suspicious areas detected by transrectal ultrasonography revealed no further benefit if 10-core technique was used. We therefore suggest that 10-core biopsy protocol should be the preferred strategy in early detection of prostate cancer.     

超声造影在直肠超声前列腺穿刺活检中的应用价值

目的：探讨超声造影（CEUS）下直肠超声前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的价值。方法：对70例高危前列腺癌患者行前列腺穿刺活检,其中普通直肠超声（TRUS）组穿刺活检34例,CEUS组36例。结果：CEUS组36例患者共接受穿刺282针,平均7．8针;TRUS组34例接受穿刺279针,平均8．2针。CEUS组发现前列腺癌9例,阳性率为25．0％;TRUS组8例,阳性率为23．5％,两组阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义。而穿刺组织条石蜡病理标本显示,CEUS组282针中,阳性针数37针,阳性率为13．1％;TRUS组279针中,阳性针数25针,阳性率为8．9％;两者阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者穿刺后无严重并发症发生。结论：CEUS下直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检安全可靠,可以提高诊断前列腺癌的敏感性。     

Transperineal 12-core systematic biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to determine the clinical value of transperineal 12-core systematic prostate biopsy guided by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in the detection of prostate cancer. METHODS: A total of 679 consecutive patients underwent systematic prostate biopsies because of abnormal results on digital rectal examination and/or TRUS and/or an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen level. Systematic six- and 12-core biopsies were taken in 138 patients between April 1994 and February 1995 and in the remaining 541 between March 1995 and February 2000, respectively. Twelve-core biopsy included two samples from the lateral portion of the peripheral zone and four from the anterior portion of the transition zone in addition to the conventional six-core biopsy. RESULTS: In the series overall, systematic biopsy revealed 156 cases of prostate cancer (23.0%). The detection rate increased by 5.2%, although this was statistically not significant, from 18.8% (26/138) by six-core biopsy to 24.0% (130/541) by 12-core biopsy. Out of 130 patients in whom prostate cancer was detected by 12-core biopsy, it was supposed that conventional six-core biopsy would have missed 18 cases (13.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Systematic 12-core biopsy might improve the detection rate for prostate cancer. However, further studies are needed to determine its clinical value in the diagnosis of the disease.     

经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检540例临床分析

目的评价经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌（PCa）的临床应用价值,提高PCa的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析血PSA升高和（或）直肠指检前列腺结节及超声检查有异常的540例患者经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的临床资料和声像图表现。其中直肠指诊异常者248例;超声显示有异常回声结节者178例,145例为低回声,占81.4％,42例在声像图上未发现异常;380例PSA〉10μg／L。结果540例活检中PCa220例,阳性率为40．7％,前列腺肉瘤4例,前列腺增生症269例,前列腺增生症并上皮内瘤（PIN）35例,前列腺炎9例,前列腺结核2例,非典型增生1例。结论经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检是诊断PCa的一种安全有效的检查方法。     

经直肠超声造影在前列腺靶向穿刺活检中的价值

目的 探讨经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)造影(TR-CEUS)技术对前列腺癌的诊断价值.方法 对60例临床诊断可疑前列腺癌患者行TR-CEUS及前列腺穿刺活检术.观察病灶造影灌注模式,对异常增强结节进行靶向穿刺、标记送检.同时将结果与49例非造影组前期常规11点穿刺比较,观察其诊断效率.结果 60例患者中10例弥漫型前列腺癌呈快速不均匀增强,18例结节型前列腺癌中共观察35个癌结节,呈高增强结节18个、等增强结节12个、低增强结节5个.前列腺增生32例,其结节多为均匀性高增强.造影假阳性7例,假阴性3例.靶向穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌28例,诊断率(46.67%)高于11点穿刺(28.57%).结论 TR-CEUS是评价前列腺良、恶性病变的有效方法,同时可以指导靶向穿刺活检,提高穿刺准确效率及减少穿刺针数.