原发性青光眼患者术前术后心理特征变化

目的:探讨原发性青光眼患者术前术后心理特征的变化。方法:原发性青光眼患者62例,其中原发性开角型青光眼患者8例,原发性闭角型青光眼患者54例,术前、术后2d及术后1mo,分别用汉米尔顿(Hamilton)焦虑量表(HAMA)(同时附自评量表STAI)、汉米尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)(同时设抑郁自评量表SDS)、燥狂评定量表(MRS)进行测评。结果:术前与术后2d比较:汉米尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)中的躯体性焦虑因子(A2)得分结果(t=1.576,P>0.05)、汉米尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)中的认识障碍因子(B3)得分结果(t=1.788,P>0.05)、汉米尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)中的迟缓因子(B4)得分结果(t=1.880,P>0.05)、汉米尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)中的睡眠障碍因子(B5)得分结果(t=1.727,P>0.05)无显著性差异,其余各项均有显著性差异(P<0.05);术前与术后1mo比较:汉米尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)中的躯体性焦虑因子(A2)得分结果(t=1.972,P>0.05)、汉米尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)中的认识障碍因子(B3)得分结果(t=0.382)无显著性差异,其余各项均有显著性差异(P<0.05),显示了青光眼患者术前与术后的心理特征有较明显的变化;术后2d与术后1mo组比较:汉米尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)中的总分(B)(t=2.499,P<0.05)、汉米尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)中的体重因子(B2)得分结果(t=2.257,P<0.05)、汉米尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)中的睡眠障碍因子(B5)得分结果(t=3.131,P<0.05)、燥狂评定量表(MRS)总分(C)(t=5.515,P<0.05)、抑郁自评量表SDS总分(E)(t=3.788,P<0.05)有显著性差异,其余各项均无显著性差异。结论:原发性青光眼患者术前、术后的心理特征会发生较大的变化,术后随病情好转,其情绪也将趋于稳定。     

原发性青光眼患者焦虑和抑郁及睡眠质量调查研究

目的:探讨原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者焦虑、抑郁及睡眠状况。方法:回顾性临床研究。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对2019-06/2020-12期间在我院眼科确诊的原发性青光眼患者60例(30例PACG,30例POAG)和将同期来自我院体检部的30名健康成年人设为对照组进行评估,比较三组受试者SAS、SDS、PSQI得分。结果:PACG组和POAG组SAS、SDS、PSQI得分(48.40±9.302,53.40±8.625,9.57±2.861;42.57±9.684,48.80±10.320,7.23±2.223分)均明显高于对照组(37.03±6.805,38.63±7.881,4.87±2.688分)(P<0.05)。PACG组SAS、PSQI得分较POAG组高(均P<0.05)。以SAS≥45分、SDS≥50分和PSQI>7分为临界,PACG组的焦虑、抑郁和失眠症状阳性率(77%、73%、70%)高于POAG组(43%、40%、37%)和对照组(13%、10%、20%)...     

原发性青光眼患者抑郁与焦虑心理状况调查分析

目的 评价原发性青光眼患者抑郁与焦虑心理状况并分析其影响因素.方法 对24例原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)、26例原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)和对照组(n=24)进行患者健康问卷(PHQ)调查,并对问卷评分进行比较和对年龄、性别等因素进行多重线性回归分析.结果 PACG、POAG和对照组抑郁症状阳性率分别为33.3％、19.2％和8.3％,焦虑症状阳性率分别为37.5％、26.9％和8.3％.PACG组抑郁(P =0.027)、焦虑(P=0.004)程度高于对照组,POAG与PACG和对照组差异不明显(P＞0.05).抑郁焦虑评分呈正相关(P＜0.01),抑郁(β=m.149,P=0.029)焦虑(β=-0.204,P=0.025)分别与年龄呈负相关,与性别无关.结论 PACG抑郁焦虑程度高于正常人,PACG与POAG之间无明显差异.青光眼患者抑郁焦虑状况与年龄相关,与性别无关.     

围手术期白内障患者278例SCL-90自评量表结果分析

目的:了解我科各型白内障患者围手术期的心理健康状况,为该特定人群特定时期的心理评估和心理干预工作提供依据。方法:应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对在我科2008-06/2009-06确诊的278名各型白内障患者在围手术期进行无记名问卷调查。在术前和术后分别进行问卷调查,其结果与常模作比较;将患者分为两组,A组为年龄相关性白内障,B组为伴有青光眼,外伤或代谢性疾病的白内障患者,分别将这二组的结果进行比较。结果:各型白内障患者术前和术后的躯体化,抑郁,焦虑和恐惧因子的阳性得分高于常模,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),尤其是躯体化因子(P<0.01)。B组的焦虑,躯体化,抑郁和恐惧因子阳性得分高于A组,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中焦虑因子的差异具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:各型白内障患者在术前和术后都存在不同程度的躯体化表现和抑郁,焦虑,恐惧情绪,尤以躯体化明显;合并有外伤,青光眼或者代谢性疾病的白内障患者的上述表现比年龄相关性白内障更加显著,尤其是焦虑。     

原发性闭角型青光眼患者心理个性和行为特征

目的 探讨原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)患者心理、个性和行为特征.方法 对53例PACG患者和54名正常人分别运用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和A型行为问卷(TABQ)进行调查评估,并对测量结果进行独立样本t检验、OneWay ANOVA分析、x2检验以及相关性分析.结果 (Ⅰ)PACG组焦虑值(SAS=42.85±7.30),精神质性(P=49.33±9.05)、时间紧迫(TH=15.23±3.24),争强好胜(CH=15.32±3.51)及TH+CH总分(TH+CH=30.55±5.97)与正常组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(Ⅱ)急性PACG组的SAS得分与正常组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);急、慢性PACG组分别与正常组比较,精神质(P)与TH+CH差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);慢性PACG组的神经质性(N)值得分与急性组、正常组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(Ⅲ)PACG组与正常组的TABQ量表得分经x2检验得两组A型行为比例差异有统计学意义(x2=10.912,P=0.028＜0.05).(Ⅳ)PACG组中SAS与SDS、CH、TH+CH相关性均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).EPQ测验中P值与SAS、TH、CH和TH+CH均无相关(P＞0.05).结论 PACG患者有明显的焦虑、精神质以及A型行为倾向.     

围手术期白内障患者278例SCL-90自评量表结果分析

目的：了解我科各型白内障患者围手术期的心理健康状况,为该特定人群特定时期的心理评估和心理干预工作提供依据。方法：应用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对在我科2008—06／2009—06确诊的278名各型白内障患者在围手术期进行无记名问卷调查。在术前和术后分别进行问卷调查,其结果与常模作比较;将患者分为两组,A组为年龄相关性白内障,B组为伴有青光眼,外伤或代谢性疾病的白内障患者,分别将这二组的结果进行比较。结果：各型白内障患者术前和术后的躯体化,抑郁,焦虑和恐惧因子的阳性得分高于常模,其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,尤其是躯体化因子（P〈0．01）。B组的焦虑,躯体化,抑郁和恐惧因子阳性得分高于A组,其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,其中焦虑因子的差异具有显著的统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：各型白内障患者在术前和术后都存在不同程度的躯体化表现和抑郁,焦虑,恐惧情绪,尤以躯体化明显;合并有外伤,青光眼或者代谢性疾病的白内障患者的上述表现比年龄相关性白内障更加显著,尤其是焦虑。     

不同类型青光眼患者前部巩膜厚度与眼部生物学参数的相关性

目的探讨不同类型青光眼患者前部巩膜厚度(anterior sclera thickness,AST)与眼部生物学参数的相关性。方法选取2012年1月至2013年6月我院收治的青光眼患者80例(80眼),其中原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)38例,原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)42例,另选取于我院同期健康体检的健康无眼疾者40例(40眼)作为对照,采用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)对AST进行检测,DGH-1000型超声角膜测厚仪测量中央角膜厚度(central corneal thickness,CCT),同时采用眼科A/B超对眼轴长度(axial length,AL)进行测量,对测量结果进行比较分析。结果 POAG组、PACG组AST与对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);POAG组AST与PACG组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。POAG组、PACG组CCT与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),POAG组、PACG组CCT均大于对照组;POAG组CCT与PACG组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),POAG组CCT大于PACG组。POAG组、PACG组AL与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),POAG组、PACG组AL均小于对照组;POAG组AL与PACG组相比,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05),POAG组AL小于PACG组。POAG组CCT值与AST值间呈线性正相关(r=0.544,P=0.018),但PACG组CCT值与AST值间均未发现线性相关(r=-12.345,P=0.058);两组AL与AST均无相关性。结论不同类型青光眼患者的CCT有一定的差异,但各型青光眼患者AST无明显差异,POAG患者的CCT与AST可能存在一定的正相关。     

不同类型青光眼和正常人视盘旁萎缩弧β区的比较研究

目的 比较正常人和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)、闭角型青光眼(PACG)之间视盘旁萎缩弧β区发生率的差异以及其与视盘参数的关系.设计 病例对照研究.研究对象 年龄、屈光度数相匹配的正常人、POAG、PACG分别为143例(143眼)、59例(105眼)、50例(87眼).方法 利用Cannon眼底照相机采集受试者30°眼底彩色照片,并用计算机图像分析软件测量β区面积、视盘面积;青光眼患者测量盘沿面积、垂直杯盘比,对青光眼患者β区/视盘面积比和盘沿/视盘面积比、垂直杯盘比进行Spearman相关分析.主要指标 β区发生率、β区面积.结果 正常人、POAG及PACG者β区发生率分别为23.1%、69.5%、50.6%(P=0.000);POAG的β区发生率高于PACG(P=0.007).三组人群β区最多见于水平颞侧区,鼻侧区最少;POAG组β区/视盘面积比与盘沿/视盘面积比呈负相关(r=-0.370),与垂直杯盘比呈正相关(r=0.342).PACG组β区面积/视盘面积比与盘沿面积/视盘面积比和垂直杯盘比之间均无显著性相关.结论 POAG和PACG β区发生率高于正常人,POAG β区发生率高于PACG.PACG和POAG β区与视盘参数之间相关关系的差异可能和两者视神经损伤的机制不同有关.(眼科,2008,17:20-24)     

原发性闭角型青光眼心理和行为特征调查

目的:研究闭角型青光眼患者的心理、个性和行为特征,探讨青光眼患者心理因素与疾病的关系。方法:运用SCL-90、艾森克个性问卷和A型行为问卷对100例青光眼患者和45例正常对照组进行测试比较。结果:SCL-90评分中,青光眼组的躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等症状因子评分和SCL-90总分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而强迫因子得分两组间差异无显著性。A型行为问卷测评结果,青光眼组TH量表得分高于正常组,有明显差异,TH+CH和CH得分两组间无明显差异。青光眼组的精神病性(P)、神经质或情绪(N)得分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而内外向、掩饰两项得分青光眼与对照组无显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:社会心理因素与原发性青光眼有明确的联系,青光眼患者主要表现为A型性格,患者的精神性和神经质倾向人格特征与闭角型青光眼发病密切相关。     

开角型青光眼药物对患者身心健康的影响

目的:评价原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)患者的心理和生活质量状况并分析其影响因素。方法:采用前瞻性临床对照的方法,对60例POAG患者分别采用青光眼生活质量-15中文版(Glaucoma Quality of Life-15,GQL-15)和综合医院焦虑抑郁量表(Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,HADS)中文版评定患者最近1mo的生活质量和焦虑、抑郁状况,给予降压药物干预后1mo再次进行评定。60例健康自愿者作为对照,分析其心理和生活质量变化情况。结果:POAG患者焦虑、抑郁及共患患者发生率分别为33.3%,26.7%,13.4%。患者抑郁焦虑评分及GQL评分与病程、眼压、年龄、药物种类和价格成正相关(P<0.05),与平均月收入、视力成负相关(P<0.05)。通过降压药物干预,患者焦虑、抑郁评分及生活质量评分明显好转(F焦虑评分=9.54,F抑郁评分=6.88,FGQL评分=8.82;P<0.05)。结论:POAG患者焦虑、抑郁状况加重,生活质量明显降低。患者抑郁焦虑评分及生活质量评分与病程、年龄、平均月收入、药物种类、药物价格、视力、眼压、视野等方面紧密相关。降压药物干预有助于青光眼患者生活质量和心理逐步康复。     

Melatonin concentrations in serum of primary glaucoma patients

AIM: To determine whether glaucoma patients exhibit an abnormal melatonin concentration in serum and the effects of psychiatric disorders caused by glaucoma in melatonin secretion. METHODS: A sample of 80 primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients, 120 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, and 120 normal controls were enrolled in this study. All the participants were asked to complete the following questionnaires: Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rating depression scale (SDS). Variance analysis was used to compare the subscores between the groups. After that, we chose 58 patients with primary glaucoma and 20 non-glaucoma control patients to collect their serum samples at 7-10 a.m. Serum melatonin levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Of all participants, the scores of PSQI, SAS, and SDS in PACG and POAG group were 9.38±0.40, 46.08±8.99, 51.11±10.72 and 7.43±0.35, 45.42±9.87, 49.04±12.24 respectively, significantly higher than those in control group (4.16±0.28, 35.49±9.18, 40.31±13.08). The serum melatonin levels in PACG (37.29±2.99 pg/mL) and POAG (35.97±3.64 pg/mL) were significantly higher than the controls (29.96±3.94 pg/mL) (P<0.001). But no difference was found between the PACG and POAG (P=0.216). Glaucoma patients with sleep disorders, anxiety and depression were more likely resulting in the increase of melatonin levels. CONCLUSION: There is a significant increase in serum melatonin levels in glaucoma patients compared to the controls especially in glaucoma patients with psychiatric disorders such as sleep disorders, anxiety and depression.     

Cross sectional study of depression,anxiety and quality of life in glaucoma patients at a tertiary centre in North Kerala

Purpose:To determine the magnitude and direction of association of anxiety and depression and the quality of life (QoL) in persons with glaucoma.Methods:This prospective cross-sectional study in conducted in a tertiary eye center in north Kerala included glaucoma patients and normal subjects aged 40–80 years. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Glaucoma Quality of Life (GQOL), and glaucoma evaluation were performed for all participants. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.Results:The study included 148 subjects with glaucoma and 150 subjects without glaucoma. The prevalence of depression (35.81%) and anxiety (25.0%) was significantly higher in glaucoma patients. In a multivariate regression model, PHQ-9 (adjusted OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.31–4.38, P < 0.001), GAD-7 (adjusted OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.01–4.19, P = 0.01) and GQOL (coefficient: 6.92, 95% CI: 4.52–9.31, P = < 0.001) was significantly associated with glaucoma. The GAD-7 score was significantly higher (P = 0.02) in PACG compared to POAG in moderate and severe anxiety. ADL scores (one-way ANOVA, P = 0.001) and GQOL scores (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with vision impairment and blindness.Conclusion:Depression and anxiety are common in glaucoma patients, indicating the need for screening protocols using PHQ and GAD scales to identify persons at risk. The lack of ophthalmic risk factors associated with depression and anxiety emphasizes the importance of psychological evaluation and combined management with a psychiatrist in glaucoma management.     

Lack of association between interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms and glaucoma in Chinese subjects

PURPOSE: A recent study identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-1 gene cluster at chromosomal locus 2q13 that were associated with reduced risk for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in whites. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between IL-1 SNPs and glaucoma in Chinese patients with either POAG or primary-angle closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS: Patients with POAG with a mean IOP without treatment that was consistently <21 mm Hg on diurnal testing were classified as having normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and those with higher IOP were classified as having high-tension glaucoma (HTG). Subjects with PACG had at least 180 degrees of angle closure on gonioscopy. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction digest enzymes at the following loci: IL1A (-889C/T), IL1B (+3953C/T), and IL1B (-511C/T). The association of individual SNPs with glaucoma was evaluated by using chi(2) testing. Haplotype analysis was performed with the PHASE program, with haplotype frequency estimated for combined cases and controls, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of haplotypes. RESULTS: Of the Chinese subjects studies, 194 had POAG (94 NTG and 100 HTG), 125 had PACG, and 79 were normal control subjects. There was no significant difference in IL-1 SNP or allele frequencies for in subjects with POAG or PACG compared with control subjects, or between NTG and HTG. None of the common haplotypes showed any significant difference between the HTG, NTG, PACG, and normal control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not find an association between IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms and glaucoma in this sample of Chinese subjects.     

原发性开角型青光眼患者焦虑症伴随状况及特征分析

目的:了解原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glau-coma,POAG)患者焦虑症伴随状况及其影响因素。方法:用Hamilton焦虑量表(HAMD)对82例POAG患者及82例非青光眼患者进行焦虑测试,对比两组患者焦虑症伴随比率,并对82例POAG患者以不同性别、年龄、文化程度等进行分组比较,分析焦虑症发生的影响因素。结果:POAG组与对照组伴发焦虑者分别为13例(16%)和5例(6%),经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P=0.046)。对82例POAG患者内部分组比较显示:性别、年龄、文化水平、病程、视野为POAG伴发焦虑的相关因素。结论:POAG患者心理健康状况应予以关注,尤其对病程长、年龄大、文化程度低、视功能损害严重的女性患者,应同时给予心理评估及干预,以改善POAG患者的生活质量及预后。     

混合型青光眼住院病人的致病机制构成分析

目的 分析混合型青光眼(mixed glaucoma,MG)住院病人的致病机制.方法 收集 2005年~2009年连续住院患者MG 109只眼(76例)的临床资料,结合眼压、C/D、视野、前房角镜及超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)等临床资料,分类分析其混合致病机制的构成.结果 (1)本组病例存在12个致病机制类型:原发性开角型青光眼(primary open-angle glaucoma,POAG、原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)、先天性青光眼、新生血管性青光眼、青睫综合征及以下因素:晶状体膨胀或脱位、睫状体囊肿、糖皮质激素、眼外伤或眼内手术、虹膜炎、Fuchs综合征和剥脱综合征继发性青光眼.(2) 本组病例存在7类混合机制致病:POAG合并PACG35只眼,占32.1%;PACG合并继发性闭角型青光眼32只眼(29.4%);PACG合并继发性开角型青光眼13只眼(11.9%);POAG合并继发性开角型青光眼11只眼(10.1%);POAG合并继发性闭角型青光眼10只眼(9.2%);先天性青光眼合并继发性青光眼5只眼(4.6%)及不同类型的继发性青光眼合并存在3只眼(2.8%).结论 注意对青光眼发病机制的全面分析,避免明确一种青光眼致病病机制而忽略混合致病机制的存在,以便采取恰当全面的治疗方案;UBM的应用有助于MG致病机制的分析;POAG 合并PACG是MG的主要类型.     

Rate of visual field progression in primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma

To estimate the rate of visual field progression in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), we reviewed the medical records of POAG and PACG patients who had a minimum of 5-year longitudinal Goldmann visual field data. I4e and I2e isopters were quantified using grid systems. The rate of change was calculated from the slope of a linear fit to a series of average visual field scores. Twenty-three eyes of POAG patients and 25 of PACG patients were studied. The rate of visual field score change was -2.00 +/- 2.0% per year in the PACG group, and -0.81 +/- 1.0% per year in the POAG group. In these two patient groups, who were on conventional treatment at two referral hospitals, better visual field on initial presentation yielded faster progression in the POAG group, while the higher average of highest intraocular pressure in each year during follow-up was related to faster progression in the PACG group.     

Intraocular pressure and visual field loss in primary angle closure and primary open angle glaucomas

AIM: To compare the correlation between visual field loss and the pretreatment intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: In a cross sectional observational study of 74 patients (43 PACG, 31 POAG), pretreatment IOP was measured at presentation, before treatment was initiated. The severity of visual field loss was assessed by AGIS score, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD). Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was assessed from simultaneous stereo disc photographs. RESULTS: There was a stronger correlation between pretreatment IOP and the extent of visual field loss in PACG subjects than in those with POAG for both MD (PACG: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = 0.43, p = 0.002; r(2) = 0.19), (POAG: r = 0.21, p = 0.13; r(2) = 0.04) and AGIS score (PACG: r = 0.41, p = 0.003; r(2) = 0.17), (POAG: r = 0.23, p = 0.19; r(2) = 0.05 respectively). No such associations were seen for pattern standard deviation (PSD) or corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD) in either group (p> 0.29). Both horizontal and vertical cup-disc ratio were well correlated with severity of field loss but not with presenting IOP for either diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This is consistent with the hypothesis of a greater IOP dependence for optic nerve damage in PACG than POAG and, conversely, a greater importance of other, less pressure dependent mechanisms in POAG compared to PACG.