肥胖和膳食的关系及其膳食治疗

肥胖的发生与膳食的关系非常密切,摄食过多（过食）和不良的进食习惯慢肥胖形成的主要因素。在各种膳食因素中,高脂肪膳食和高蔗糖膳食是肥胖的直接致病因素。从膳食方面着手是预防和治疗肥胖的有效措施之一,适当的热能摄入,合理的营养素分配和供给以及纠正不良的饮食习惯是治疗肥胖的基本原则。     

生育性肥胖的预防指导

产后科学合理的饮食习惯及适当的锻炼是至关重要的。饮食原则应该是平衡膳食，避免高脂肪、高热量的食物，即保证产妇摄取足够的营养，又避免营养过剩，配合适时、适度的产后锻炼，可预防生育性肥胖。     

膳食果糖与盐分吸收及高血压的关系

代谢综合征主要是由于内脏器官肥大、葡萄糖耐受不良、高血压、胰岛素分泌过多、血脂异常等引起的.现如今,我国肥胖人群的日趋增多以及所导致的代谢综合征发生率的增长严重危害着公众健康.由于代谢综合征主要是由于能量过剩所引起的,因此,减肥是治疗此类病症的良方.高血压是代谢综合征中的一个高发病症,随着人们生活水平的提高以及饮食习惯的改变,高血压逐渐年轻化并在我国有所增加.大量证据表明高血压与盐分摄取有着直接的关系,近些年的研究发现,糖分的摄取能刺激人体对盐分的吸收,从而间接导致高血压的发生.     

褐藻膳食纤维抗肥胖作用研究进展

肥胖症是引起很多疾病的危险因素。随着生活水平的提高,膳食纤维干预与肠道菌群的调节在预防治疗肥胖的作用备受关注。本文对褐藻膳食纤维改善肥胖相关指标,重塑肠道菌群,从而预防肥胖的发生机制予以综述。     

单纯性肥胖的生酮治疗临床路径

生酮饮食(ketogenic diet,KD)在小儿癫痫的治疗应用已充分证明了其有效性与安全性[1]。随着对糖脂代谢认识的不断深入,尤其是近年来一系列临床研究与动物实验的结果发布,逐步更新着学术界既往对油脂与胆固醇的观念。生酮饮食在体质量管理领域的应用也在逐步拓展,可喜的是中国生酮/低碳水化合物饮食进行慢性病管理的受众范围越来越广泛。     

中药膳食辅助治疗肥胖性脂肪肝患儿的效果及对相关血清指标的调节作用

目的 分析中药膳食辅助治疗肥胖性脂肪肝患儿的效果及对相关血清指标的调节作用.方法 选择2018年3月至2020年3月收治的86例肥胖性脂肪肝患儿为研究对象,依据治疗方法将其分为对照组与研究组,各43例.对照组接受常规治疗,研究组在常规治疗基础上配合中药膳食治疗.比较两组的治疗效果.结果 治疗后,两组的WC与BMI均降低...     

肥胖青少年120例营养素摄入情况与性别的关系

背景：一般认为，热能摄入过多是儿童少年单纯性肥胖的一个主要因素，膳食结构不合理也是致青少年肥胖不可忽视的因素。     

饮食干预对单纯性肥胖儿童相关指标的影响

目的：寻找适合单纯性肥胖儿童减肥的安全可靠的方法。方法：对住院的41名7～14岁单纯性肥胖儿童进行短期控制膳食总能量。观察减轻体重前后对血液部分相关指标的影响。结果：减少热能的摄入后，降低了体重，还使肥胖引起的代谢异常趋向正常，而且对肥胖儿童的血红蛋白水平无显著影响。结论：控制总能量的方法安全有效。     

肥胖的诊断和治疗

肥胖的定义肥胖是体内脂肪堆积过多和 (或 )分布异常的一种状态。按照世界卫生组织 (ＷＨＯ)的定义 ,肥胖是一种疾病 ,它包括了肥胖本身对健康的损害以及肥胖的相关疾病如高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、心脑血管疾病和某些癌症等对健康的损害两个方面。目前肥胖的发病率正在逐年增加 ,据统计全球目前有 3亿人患肥胖症。我国肥胖症的流行特点是城市高于农村 ,北方高于南方 ,经济发达地区高于不发达地区。2　肥胖的诊断标准2 1　根据体重指数 (ＢＭＩ)诊断　ＢＭＩ是全世界目前通用的衡量肥胖的指标。2 1 1　ＷＨＯ的诊断标准 　 1997年ＷＨＯ…     

儿童膳食结构调查结果的启示

为研究儿童饮食与身高、体重关系，调查了７－１４岁肥胖儿童５３名，身材矮小儿童５３名共１０６名儿童饮食情况。调查结果表明肥胖儿童热量摄入过多，热量摄入越多肥胖虎重。身体矮小儿童热量、蛋白质摄入过少、热量、蛋白质摄入越少身高落后越多。肥胖儿童、身份和童饮食问题中突出问题是儿童及家长不清楚每天应该吃什么，应该吃多少，制订文科滨饮食方案对于儿童肥胖、身材矮小的防治、对于提高儿童健康水平，极为必要。     

Insulin and C-peptide secretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and its response to dietary therapy

We studied insulin and C-peptide levels in patients with non-insulin-dependentdiabetes mellitus (NIDDM) during standard oral or intravenousglucose tolerance tests (GTT) at the time of diagnosis and after3 months dietary therapy. On the second occasion they also hadan ‘augmented’ GTT, in which slow intravenous infusionof glucose raised basal plasma glucose to a level similar tothat at the time of diagnosis. Eight patients had oral tests,and seven patients intravenous tests. In both groups, dietarytherapy significantly reduced fasting and peak plasma glucose(p<0.05 for oral; p<0.01 for intravenous GTT). Serum insulinlevels during conventional oral GTT were not significantly differentafter dietary therapy compared to diagnosis, but were significantlyhigher during the ‘augmented’ oral GTT (p<0.05).In those patients who underwent intravenous GTT, there was asignificant increase in both the total amount of insulin secreted(0–60 min) and in first-phase insulin secretion (0–10min) during the ‘augmented’ test compared to diagnosis(p<0.01), but first-phase insulin secretion during the conventionalintravenous GTT was unchanged. Serum C-peptide responses werealso greater during ‘augmented’ tests (p<0.05),similar in pattern to serum insulin. There is a relative deficiencyin insulin secretion in untreated NIDDM, which can be reversedby dietary therapy. It is essential to study insulin and C-peptidesecretion in controlled ‘fasting’ glucose conditions.     

Asymptomatic embolisation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation and its relationship to anticoagulation therapy.

OBJECTIVE: A prospective study to determine the prevalence of embolic signals (ES) detected with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) in subjects with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who were and were not taking anticoagulants. METHODS: Sixty-eight subjects with NVAF taking warfarin and sixty-three NVAF subjects not taking warfarin were recruited from the cardiology department. No patients had suffered a previous stroke or clinical systemic embolisation. Thirty subjects in sinus rhythm were recruited as controls. TCD recordings were performed bilaterally from the middle cerebral arteries for 1 h. In 126 subjects (96%) the recording was repeated 1 week later. All Doppler recordings were reviewed blindly by an observer for ES. RESULTS: After one recording ES were detected in one warfarin NVAF subject (1.5%), four non-warfarin NVAF subjects (6.3%) and no sinus rhythm controls. Following both recordings ES were detected in one warfarin NVAF subject (1.5%) and seven non-warfarin NVAF subjects (11.9%) P = 0.017. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic ES can be detected in a minority of subjects with NVAF. These signals were significantly less common in NVAF subjects taking warfarin, and this is consistent with asymptomatic ES having clinical significance in this disease. TCD detection of ES may have application in patients with NVAF for risk stratification, and assessment of the efficacy of new anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic regimens in the condition. Further large prospective studies are required to determine whether ES predict stroke risk in this patient group.     

疼痛机制研究对疼痛治疗的推动作用

疼痛医学与康复医学有非常密切的联系。半个世纪以来疼痛医学有了长足的发展 ,这是该学科具有的两个基本特征所决定的 ,即多学科组成和基础与临床密切配合。2 0世纪 60年代 ,英国生理学家Ｐ .Ｄ .Ｗａｌｌ和加拿大心理学家Ｒ .Ｍｅｌｚａｃｋ合作提出了疼痛的“闸门控制学说” ,这是对当时处于统治地位的疼痛特异传导学说的一种挑战。闸控学说认为中枢神经系统在接受伤害性的刺激时 ,并非作出千篇一律的被动的反应 ,而是根据当时中枢神经系统的功能状态 ,作出主动的应答 ;或使疼痛加重 ,或使疼痛减轻。而其最关键部位在于脊髓背角的第ＩＩ层…