Immunohistochemical studies of normal sweat glands, sweat gland tumors and extramammary Paget's diseases. II. Immunohistochemical studies of sweat gland tumors and extramammary Paget's diseases

Localizations of 18 antigens were analyzed in 41 cases with benign sweat gland tumors (13 with eccrine acrospiroma, 4 with eccrine spiradenoma, 2 with hidroacanthoma simplex, 9 with chondroid syringoma, 4 with syringocystadenoma papilliferum, 1 with tubular apocrine adenoma, 1 with papillary eccrine adenoma, 1 with apocrine cystadenoma, 1 with cylindroma, 5 with syringoma), 14 with malignant sweat gland tumors (7 with eccrine porocarcinoma, 3 with eccrine duct carcinoma, 3 with apocrine gland carcinoma, 1 with mucinous carcinoma) and 13 with extramammary Paget's disease. The results I obtained were compared with those in the normal sweat glands for determination of a differentiation of each tumor.     

睾丸微石症合并精索静脉曲张36例分析

目的:探讨睾丸微石症合并精索静脉曲张患者的临床诊治方法,提高患者的睾丸储备功能。方法:回顾性报告并分析2011年3月至2013年2月36例睾丸微石症合并精索静脉曲张患者的病历资料,其中弱精症30例,精液质量正常6例。所有弱精症患者均行MV手术治疗,精液正常患者中1例CTM合并Ⅲ°VC有临床表现者行MV手术治疗,其余5例无临床表现患者无特殊处理;所有患者均每半年复查1次,彩色多普勒超声检查睾丸微石程度,精液CASA检查患者精液质量。结果:30例接受手术的弱精症患者有29例术后精液质量(精液密度,A+B级活动精子率,精子畸形率)明显改善,1例CTM患者精液质量及睾丸微石程度与手术前比较均无明显变化,且LTM患者的改善情况明显优于CTM患者,但所有患者的睾丸微石程度无明显变化;1例CTM合并Ⅲ°VC精液质量正常患者接受手术后精液质量及睾丸微石程度均无明显变化;1例CTM合并Ⅱ°VC和1例LTM合并Ⅲ°VC精液质量正常患者半年后精液出现异常,后接受MV手术治疗;2例LTM合并Ⅲ°VC精液质量正常患者2年后精液质量无变化,但其中1例睾丸微石程度加重,转为CTM;1例LTM合并Ⅰ°VC患者精液质量及睾丸微石程度无变化。结论:TM合并VC患者应该定期复查精液常规及泌尿生殖彩超,且MV手术对TM合并VC弱精症患者的精液质量有明显改善,LTM患者改善的程度明显优于CTM患者,对精液正常的患者可能会延缓精液质量恶化及睾丸微石程度加重。     

Elevation of IgA anti-epidermal transglutaminase antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis

Background  Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a papulovesicular eruption caused by ingestion of gluten. It is characterized by the deposition of IgA in the dermal papillae. IgA antibodies directed at tissue transglutaminase (TG2) are elevated in gluten-sensitive diseases including DH and coeliac disease (CD). More recently, antibodies directed at epidermal transglutaminase (TG3) were identified in patients with DH, and this may be the dominant autoantigen in this disease.
Objectives  To measure IgA antibodies to TG3 and TG2 in patients with DH and CD, and control populations.
Methods  Serum IgA antibodies against TG2 and TG3 were measured from adults with DH, adults and children with CD, patients with psoriasis, adult Red Cross blood donors, and paediatric controls.
Results  Patients with DH and CD had elevated levels of IgA anti-TG2 antibodies compared with control populations. The levels in the patients with DH and adults with CD were similar. IgA anti-TG2 antibodies were higher in the children with CD compared with adults with DH and CD, and with control populations. Patients with DH and adults with CD had elevated levels of IgA anti-TG3 antibodies compared with children with CD and control populations. There was a trend towards higher levels in the patients with DH compared with adults with CD.
Conclusions  IgA antibodies to TG3 are elevated in patients with DH and adults with CD. The progressive expansion of the epitope-binding profile of IgA antitransglutaminase antibodies in patients with CD may explain the development of DH in patients with undiagnosed CD during their adult life.     

NB-UVB联合8-MOP PUVA治疗小腿斑块状银屑病疗效评价

目的: 评价NB-UVB联合8-甲氧补骨脂素（8-MOP） PUVA治疗斑块状银屑病的疗效。方法: 分别对16例银屑病患者双侧小腿进行PASI评分,一侧给予NB-UVB照射,另一侧给予NB-UVB联合8-MOP PUVA,每周3次,共治疗20次。结果: NB-UVB治疗侧治疗前后PASI评分分别为8.21±2.97和2.31±1.01,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);NBUVB联合8-MOP PUVA治疗侧分别为8.33±2.54和1.20±0.93,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。治疗后NBUVB联合8-MOP 治疗侧较NB-UVB治疗侧PASI更低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：NB-UVB联合8-MOP PUVA可明显促进小腿顽固部位皮损的消退。     

Pain associated with injection of botulinum A exotoxin reconstituted using isotonic sodium chloride with and without preservative: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial

CONTEXT: Botulinum A exotoxin is used for various indications, including the treatment of dynamic forehead lines. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether injection with botulinum A exotoxin reconstituted with preservative-containing normal saline (isotonic sodium chloride) is less painful than injection with exotoxin that has been reconstituted with preservative-free saline. DESIGN: Two arms: (1) retrospective study; (2) double-blind, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: A multiple-physician dermatology practice. PATIENTS: (1) Retrospective study-20 consecutive adult patients presenting for treatment of upper-face dynamic lines; (2) prospective study-15 consecutive adult patients presenting for treatment of upper-face dynamic lines. INTERVENTION: In prospective study only, one side (left or right) of the face was treated with exotoxin reconstituted with preservative-containing saline, and the other side, with exotoxin reconstituted with preservative-free saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Retrospective study-discomfort at current treatment (with preservative-containing saline) compared with discomfort with most recent prior treatment (with preservative-free saline); (2) prospective study-discomfort on the side treated with preservative-containing saline compared with discomfort on the side treated with preservative-free saline. RESULTS: (1) Retrospective study-18 (90%) of 20 patients reported that treatment with exotoxin reconstituted with preserved saline was less painful than prior treatment with exotoxin reconstituted with preservative-free saline; (2) prospective study-15 (100%) of 15 patients reported less pain in the side of their face treated with exotoxin reconstituted with preservative-containing saline (P<.001). Pain on the preservative-containing side was 54% less. No difference in treatment efficacy between the sides was observed by investigators or patients. CONCLUSION: Use of preservative-containing saline to reconstitute botulinum A exotoxin can significantly decrease patient discomfort on injection.     

Serum periostin levels are correlated with progressive skin sclerosis in patients with systemic sclerosis

Background Periostin, a matricellular protein, serves as a regulator of wound healing and fibrosis. The role of periostin in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is unknown. Objective To determine periostin levels in association with severity of skin fibrosis in patients with SSc. Methods Expression of periostin was immunohistochemically examined in skin obtained from patients with SSc and healthy controls. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was performed to evaluate serum periostin levels in association with clinical characteristics in 56 patients with SSc [diffuse cutaneous SSc (dSSc), n = 16; and limited cutaneous SSc (lSSc), n = 40] and 66 healthy controls. Results Periostin was strongly expressed in the affected dermis from patients with SSc. Periostin was colocalized in α‐smooth muscle actin‐positive myofibroblasts and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1‐positive endothelial cells in SSc dermis. Serum levels of periostin in patients with dSSc were markedly elevated compared with those in patients with lSSc and control subjects. Patients with lSSc had increased periostin levels compared with healthy controls. In addition, significantly higher levels of periostin were observed in patients with dSSc with disease duration ≤ 5 years compared with those with disease duration > 5 years. Furthermore, the modified Rodnan total skin thickness score (MRSS) was positively correlated with periostin levels in patients with SSc. Serial analysis revealed a correlation between periostin and MRSS; namely, MRSS decreased in line with decreased periostin levels in some patients with dSSc as the disease progressed. Conclusion An elevated periostin level in patients with SSc is associated with severity of skin sclerosis. Periostin may be a potential biomarker for progressive skin fibrosis in SSc.     

Nailfold capillary abnormality and pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis

Background Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSC) show a capillary abnormality of nailfolds with controversial correlation with organ involvement. Our purpose was to study the correlation between this nailfold capillary abnormality and pulmonary hypertension in patients with SSC. Methods We studied the nailfold capillaries, using capillary microscopy, and the pulmonary arterial pressure, using right-heart catheterlzation, in 44 patients with SSC. Canonical discriminant analysis was used to define the capillary abnormality in patients with SSC, which was then compared with that of 40 normal controls. The correlations between the patterns of nailfold capillaries and the cardiopulmonary findings. Including the pulmonary arterial pressure, were examined using Fisher's test. Results Thirty-two of 44 patients with SSC could be differentiated from normal controls by our definition of the SSC pattern. The SSC pattern correlated significantly with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, as well as with pulmonary fibrosis, eiectrocardiographic abnormalities, decreased vital capacity, and decreased diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. All SSC patients with pulmonary hypertension showed this SSC pattern. In patients with elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, capillary microscopy and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DCCM) showed the highest rate of abnormalities. A limited-type SSC significantly correlated with DCCM and with anticentromere antibody, and the diffuse-type SSC with pulmonary fibrosis and anti-sci-70 antibody. Conclusion Our data suggest that in patients with SSC, nailfold capillary abnormalities correlate with pulmonary arterial hypertension as well as with clinical and laboratory findings indicating pulmonary hypertension.     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值联合超敏C-反应蛋白在寻常型银屑病合并多囊卵巢综合征中的诊断价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比值(NLR)联合超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在寻常型银屑病(Psoriasis vulgaris,PV)合并多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)中的诊断价值。方法回顾性纳入本院妇产科住院的31例PV合并PCOS的患者、76例皮肤科门诊PV患者和55例体检中心正常体检人群作为研究对象,记录所有研究对象血常规指标及hs-CRP水平。比较3组研究对象血常规指标和hs-CRP水平的差异,有统计学意义的变量与PV合并PCOS患者的病程、睾酮水平及LH/FSH采用Spearman相关性分析,并采用Logistic回归分析PV合并PCOS的独立变量,利用受试者操作曲线探讨NLR联合hs-CRP在PV合并PCOS中的诊断价值。结果PV合并PCOS患者血NLR、hs-CRP较PV患者显著升高(均P<0.05),PV患者血NLR、hs-CRP较正常对照组显著升高(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示NLR、hs-CRP是PV合并PCOS的独立相关变量(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示NLR联合hsCRP对PV合并PCOS有良好的诊断价值,其敏感度为94.8%,特异性为75.6%。结论PV患者应常规检测NLR和hs-CRP水平,NLR和hs-CRP联合检测对PV合并PCOS有良好的诊断价值。     

Frequency and severity of systemic disease in patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency and severity of systemic disease in patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) followed up in a dermatology practice vs patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed up in a rheumatology practice. DESIGN: Case-control comparison of patients matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. SETTING: University-affiliated dermatology and rheumatology practices. PATIENTS: Seventy-six patients with SCLE were compared with 24 patients with SLE. INTERVENTION: All medical records were reviewed and the patients were interviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Systemic and serologic findings were compared between patients with SCLE and those with SLE. RESULTS: Hematologic disorders were present in 6 patients (8%) with SCLE and in 13 patients (54%) with SLE (P<.001). Serositis was present in 1 patient (1%) with SCLE and in 3 patients (12%) with SLE (P =.04). Renal involvement was present in 12 patients (16%) with SCLE and in 6 patients (25%) with SLE (P =.36). Antinuclear antibodies were found in 52 patients (68%) with SCLE compared with 23 patients (96%) with SLE (P =.006). Anti-Ro antibodies were found in 37 patients (49%) with SCLE compared with 10 patients (42%) with SLE (P =.64). Other serologic abnormalities (anti-native DNA, anti-Sm antibody, or anti-U(1)RNP) were present in 6 patients (8%) with SCLE compared with 15 patients (62%) with SLE (P<.001). Photosensitivity was present in 65 patients (86%) with SCLE, compared with 11 patients (46%) with SLE (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis reveals a dissimilar frequency of internal organ involvement between patients with SCLE and SLE. Renal disease was similar in frequency and severity, and documented central nervous system involvement was rare in both groups.     

Elevation of IgG levels is a serological indicator for pulmonary fibrosis in systemic sclerosis with anti-topoisomerase I antibodies and those with anticentromere antibody

It is unclear whether any clinical and laboratory features are associated with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). We assessed these features using a database of 29 patients with SSc and anti-topoisomerase I antibodies and 68 patients with SSc and anticentromere antibody (ACA). Clinical features were not associated with the incidence of PF in patients with SSc and anti-topoisomerase I antibodies, although severe skin sclerosis was correlated with the presence of PF in patients with ACA. Serum IgG levels were often raised in patients with SSc and PF. Serum IgG levels in patients with PF were significantly higher than those in patients without PF, and were negatively correlated with percentage vital capacity and percentage diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. In addition, serum IgG levels were correlated with serum interleukin-6. Thus, serum IgG levels are associated with PF in patients with SSc and anti-topoisomerase I antibodies and in patients with SSc and ACA.     

Patch testing, tuberculin testing and sensitization with dinitrochlorobenzene and nitrosodimethylanilini of patients with atopic dermatitis.

Cell-mediated immunity was studied in patients with atopic dermatitis. 113 patients were patch tested with ten contact allergens. The frequency of positive reactions to patch testing with "common contact allergens" was found to be lower in patients with "high IgE values" than in those with IgE less than or equal to 1000 U/ml. A larger number of patients with severe dermatitis reacted negatively to PPD and were more difficult to sensitize with DNCB and NDMA as compared with the patients with mild dermatitis. The results of this investigation support the findings of earlier workers that patients with atopic dermatitis show disturbances in the cell-mediated immune system and these disturbances appear to be correlated to the degree of severity of the dermatitis.     

Psychological factors in prurigo nodularis in comparison with psoriasis vulgaris: results of a case-control study

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that psychological factors such as repressing anger and altruistic interpersonal behaviour may play a role in the aetiology of chronic itching in prurigo nodularis (PN). Whether these issues are specific for PN or are also common in other chronic skin diseases, e.g. psoriasis, has not been investigated until now. OBJECTIVES: To investigate psychosomatic problem areas and psychiatric comorbidity in patients with PN in comparison with patients with psoriasis. METHODS: Ninety-four patients with PN and 91 patients with psoriasis were administered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, Screening for Somatoform Disorders and the Whiteley Index for hypochondriasis. RESULTS: After Bonferroni post hoc adjustment, the metrical scales demonstrated no significant differences between patients with PN and those with psoriasis. There was only a tendency to less 'anger-out' and to less autocratic/dominant and more insecure/submissive behaviour in the patients with PN. Patients with PN were, in general, comparable with those with psoriasis with regard to alexithymia, somatization symptoms, hypochondriasis, anxiety and depression, with 18% cases of anxiety and 22% cases of depression. CONCLUSIONS: The hypotheses formulated in the literature on the specific aetiology of PN could not be proven for the majority of patients with PN in our study. Concerning their psychopathology, patients with PN were comparable with those with psoriasis. Therefore the clinical management of PN should include psychosomatic assessment.     

Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with plaques and arthritis

Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD) is a histopathological disorder characterised by an infiltration of the reticular dermis with a predominance of interstitial and palisadic histiocytes with a few areas of degenerating collagen bundles associated with a variable number of polynuclear neutrophils and eosinophils. There are several clinical conditions with a pattern of IGD. The linear form associated with arthritis was the first variety described. There is also a second form, which presents with plaques. This variety may be associated with arthritis, use of certain drugs or the presence of different systemic disorders. We report a case of IGD with plaques and arthritis. We discuss the differential clinical and histological diagnosis with other inflammatory skin lesions, which may be associated with joint disorders and collagen degeneration. We believe that it should be considered in patients presenting with arthritis and skin lesions.     

Statistical observations of pemphigus at the Nara University Hospital from 1975 to 1989

From 1975 to 1989, 12 patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and 19 with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) were treated with systemic or topical corticosteroids at the Nara University Hospital. All 12 patients with PV were treated with oral corticosteroids (initial dose of prednisolone: 15-70 mg/day) and 4 of 12 patients showed prolonged clinical remission (up to 9 years) without corticosteroids. Of 19 patients with PF, 16 patients were treated with oral corticosteroids (initial dose of prednisolone: 8-40 mg/day) and 3 patients were treated with only topical application of corticosteroids. In PF, 7 of 16 patients treated with systemic corticosteroids and all 3 patients treated with topical corticosteroids also showed prolonged clinical remission (up to 10 years). These observations suggest that most of the patients with pemphigus respond well to the treatment of relatively small or moderate dosage of corticosteroids.     

Oral cyclosporine in the treatment of inflammatory and noninflammatory dermatoses. A clinical and immunopathologic analysis

Cyclosporine is known to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis. In this study, we have used oral cyclosporine (6 mg/kg per day) given for 5 to 30 weeks to 24 patients for the treatment of 12 different dermatoses. Patients with the following diseases demonstrated a marked response or total clearing: 1 patient each with pyoderma gangrenosum, pityriasis lichenoides chronica, and psoriasis of the acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau type. Moderate to marked response occurred in both patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and the patient with hidradenitis suppurativa. Minimal to moderate responses were obtained in both patients with granuloma annulare, 1 of 2 with acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, both patients with Darier's disease, and 1 of 6 patients with vitiligo. Little or no response was noted in both patients with sarcoidosis, all 3 patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris, 5 of 6 patients with vitiligo, 1 patient with pemphigus foliaceous, and 1 with pemphigus vulgaris. Clinical side effects were mild and transient and included dysesthesia, fatigue, hypertrichosis, nausea, and flushing. The most frequent clinically significant abnormalities were hypertension and renal dysfunction, with all factors normalizing within 1 month of discontinuation of cyclosporine therapy.     

A retrospective review of streptococcal infections in pediatric atopic dermatitis

In order to assess the clinical characteristics and impact of group A streptococcal infection in children with atopic dermatitis, a retrospective review was performed in children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis who had a skin culture. Culture results and clinical characteristics of those with group A streptococcus were compared with those with Staphlococcus aureus. Infection with group A streptococcus was present in 16%; infection with Staphlococcus aureus was present in 72%, and 14% had mixed cultures. Patients infected with group A streptococcus were more likely to be febrile, to have facial and periorbital involvement, and to be hospitalized compared with those infected with Staphlococcus aureus alone (p ≤ 0.01 for all comparisons). Bacteremia and cellulitis were significantly more common in those infected with group A streptococcus than in those infected with Staphlococcus aureus. Retrospective design and review of only those patients receiving bacterial cultures may select for greater severity than in the general atopic dermatitis population. Group A streptococcus appears to be a significant skin pathogen infecting children with atopic dermatitis. Children with atopic dermatitis and group A streptococcal infection are more likely to have invasive disease and complications than those infected with Staphlococcus aureus alone.     

皮肌炎合并恶性肿瘤5例临床分析

目的　探讨皮肌炎合并恶性肿瘤的临床特点。方法　回顾性分析 5例皮肌炎合并恶性肿瘤的临床特征。结果　患者年龄 5 2～ 70岁 ,平均 63 .5岁 ,4例表现为恶性红斑 ,2例并有表皮坏死。患者血清肌酶均升高 ,程度与是否合并肿瘤无明显关系。结论　皮肌炎合并肿瘤 ,与表皮坏死、年龄有一定相关性 ,血清肌酶升高与是否合并肿瘤无明显关系。恶性红斑提示预后不良。     

Psoriasis Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in an Infant

Psoriasis is commonly reported in association with HIV in adults. A 3-month-old girl with HIV presented with a widespread eruption and was diagnosed with psoriasis. This is the first infant reported with psoriasis in association with HIV infection. The relationship between the two entities is discussed, as is the role of treatment with zidovudine.     

Treatment of vitiligo with oral corticosteroids.

17 patients with generalized vitiligo and 5 patients with localized vitiligo were treated with oral corticosteroids. Six patients with generalized vitiligo showed over 75% repigmentation in at least one of the patches. Two patients with generalized vitiligo and 1 patient with localized vitiligo showed a partial repigmentation of 25-75%, while 5 patients with generalized vitiligo and 1 patient with localized vitiligo showed a minimal repigmentation of less than 25%. Four patients with generalized vitiligo and 3 patients with localized vitiligo failed to respond. Repigmentation became evident within 4 weeks in most cases, and in general was more markedly noted in exposed areas.     

男性同性恋感染急性淋菌性直肠炎16例分析

本文报告16例男性急性淋菌性直肠炎患者,均因同性恋感染致病.其中4例伴发急性淋菌性尿道炎,6例俘发尖锐湿疣,3例伴发早期梅毒,1例伴发急性淋菌性口腔炎.对患者的细胞免疫功能进行了研究,结果提示同性恋者的免疫调节功能障碍.结合文献对急性淋菌性直肠炎的临床症状、体征、诊断进行了讨论.