The efficacy and safety of unfixed and fixed combinations of latanoprost and other antiglaucoma medications

Adjunctive therapy for the management of glaucoma is commonly used. Unfixed combinations of the prostaglandin analog latanoprost and other glaucoma medications have been demonstrated to effectively lower intraocular pressure (IOP). The range of reported additional reductions in IOP compared to a monotherapy baseline are as follows: latanoprost-timolol (13-37%), latanoprost-pilocarpine 2% (7-14%), latanoprost and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (15-24.1%), and latanoprost and dipivefrin (15-28%). There is a fixed combination of latanoprost (0.005%) and timolol (0.5%) that has been investigated in Phase III trials in Europe and the United States. In these trials, it was noted that the efficacy of the fixed combination was superior to either of the monotherapy components. After 12 months of follow-up of patients on fixed combination, there was no evidence of long-term drift. The new formulation appears to be safe and does not demonstrate any more side effects than either of the components. The convenience of a fixed combination may enhance patient compliance. Unfixed combination therapy with latanoprost and other antiglaucoma medications and the fixed combination formulation of latanoprost and timolol provide an effective and safe option for lowering IOP in glaucoma patients.     

外源性VEGF及Ang-1对大鼠CNV的作用及机制探讨

目的:研究细胞因子VEGF,Ang-1对大鼠脉络膜新生血管的形成、分化以及成熟过程的影响及机制。方法:采用激光光凝诱导建立大鼠CNV动物模型后,分别在不同时期玻璃体腔注射VEGF,Ang-1,通过其眼底荧光造影与病理切片的变化观察上述因子的作用。结果:血管生成素-1组比对照组晚期渗漏明显减少,VEGF组较对照组晚期渗漏明显增加;组织病理切片显示实验组瘢痕形成,VEGF组和对照组可见肉芽组织。结论:血管生成素-1能有效抑制脉络膜新生血管的生成,促进新生的脉络膜新生血管成熟,促进瘢痕形成。     

Possibilities and prospects of therapy and prevention of corneal dystrophies

Therapeutic approaches in corneal dystrophies should aim at long-term avoidance of recurrences. At the moment, this goal can only be achieved by transplantation of healthy corneal cells. In dystrophies of keratocytes and/or endothelial cells this can be realized by conventional penetrating keratoplasty. In epithelial dystrophies, however, simultaneous transplantation of limbal stem cells is necessary. Optimal HLA-matching strategies and immunosuppressive medication are major means to prevent immunological destruction of these.     

增生型糖尿病视网膜病变患者血浆和玻璃体中VEGF和低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白6的表达及其相关性

目的　通过定量检测血管内皮生长因子（ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＶＥＧＦ）和低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白６（ｌｏｗｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ-ｒｅｌａｔｅｄｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ６,ＬＲＰ６）在增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＰＤＲ）患者血浆和玻璃体中的表达水平,并探究其相关关系,为ＰＤＲ的防治提供依据。方法　选择ＰＤＲ患者６０例,非增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（ｎｏｎｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＮＰＤＲ）患者６２例,单纯性糖尿病患者（对照组）５５例。ＥＬＩＳＡ检测各组血浆和玻璃体中ＶＥＧＦ、ＬＲＰ６浓度,并对三组检测指标进行统计学比较。结果　ＰＤＲ组血浆和玻璃体ＶＥＧＦ浓度显著高于对照组和ＮＰＤＲ组,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。对照组和ＮＰＤＲ组差异具有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＰＤＲ组玻璃体中ＬＲＰ６浓度高于ＮＰＤＲ组和对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＮＰＤＲ组和对照组玻璃体中ＬＲＰ６差异具有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。各组血浆中ＬＲＰ６浓度差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＰＤＲ组血浆和玻璃体中ＶＥＧＦ浓度呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．６０,Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　ＰＤＲ患者血浆和玻璃体中ＶＥＧＦ与ＬＲＰ６水平能较好反映视网膜新生血管活动情况,检测血浆和玻璃体中ＶＥＧＦ与ＬＲＰ６水平可为早期诊断ＰＤＲ提供理论依据。     

Detection and discrimination of the direction of motion in central and peripheral vision of normal and amblyopic observers

This paper describes the "motion" properties of the amblyopic fovea and compares them to the normal periphery. Specifically, thresholds for detection of the displacement of a grating pattern, and for discrimination of displacement direction were measured. The main findings of these experiments were: in the central vision of both normal and amblyopic observers, unreferenced displacement are detected with an accuracy equal to the observer's grating acuity; in the normal periphery, unreferenced motion thresholds fall off at a slower rate than does grating acuity; in amblyopic eyes, displacement thresholds are most elevated centrally; the addition of an abutting reference improves detection of motion for the normal fovea and in anisometropic amblyopes, but elevates motion thresholds in both the normal periphery and in the fovea of amblyopes with strabismus. The adequacy of the normal periphery as a model for the central vision of amblyopes is discussed.     

息肉状脉络膜血管病变的诊治现状与进展

息肉状脉络膜血管病变(polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy,PCV)是一组常见的视网膜疾病,有色人种多见,在我国主要患者群以60岁左右为主,且女性较多见,该病目前发病原因不明且尚无特效药,眼底镜下可见橘红色病灶、出血及渗出,结合吲哚菁绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)可做出诊断,近几年对其治疗的主要手段有光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)、玻璃体腔抗VEGF药物注射疗法、针对并发症的手术治疗及其联合治疗,本文将对息肉状脉络膜血管病变的诊疗展开综述,对其未来的研究方向进行展望.     

性别及年龄对圆锥角膜发病与进展的影响

目的 分析圆锥角膜发病及病情进展中是否受性别及年龄因素的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院2004年8月至2011年7月确诊为圆锥角膜患者的基本信息及角膜严重程度的分级,汇总统计其有效信息,对圆锥角膜流行病学特征进行统计描述,并用卡方检验分析年龄与性别是否会影响圆锥角膜病情的严重程度.结果 共208例(310眼)确诊为圆锥角膜患者,其中192例(292眼)患者资料信息有效,男146例(225眼),女46例(67眼),男女比例约为3.17∶1.00;发病年龄5～40岁,平均21.66岁,发病高峰集中在15 ～ 25岁青年群体.男女性别间圆锥角膜严重程度差异无统计学意义(x2=4.002,JP=0.447).不同年龄组的圆锥角膜严重程度差异无统计学意义(x2=11.453,P=0.477).结论 男性及青年人群在圆锥角膜患病人数中占有较大的构成比,但性别及年龄因素对圆锥角膜严重程度的影响无相关性.     

论数字眼视光学的方法和意义

利用数字化技术的优势,结合一些成熟的数理理论（如传递函数、积分变换等）和信息学的新技术（如机器视觉、数据挖掘、数字三维模型等）,对眼视光学基础理论和临床应用的研究方法、手段进行提升和改进,使之更加定量化、模型化、数字化,从而可以取得一些新的成果和突破.     

Isolation and characterization of retinal and choroidal biomatrix

Retinal and choroidal biomatrices (extracellular materials) and lens capsule were isolated from bovine eyes. Water-insoluble biomatrices were collected by filtration after repeated ultrasonic disruption of the cells and treatment with EDTA. Light and electron microscopic examination showed that the isolated lens capsule, retinal and choroidal biomatrices were free of cellular components. These biomatrices were then solubilized after pulverization in liquid nitrogen and applied to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoretic patterns of the biomatrices were quit different from one another, while immunoblotting demonstrated the presence of laminin as a common constituent.     

Diagnosis and Management of Congenital and Developmental Cataracts

There are many methods of assessing visual acuity in the preverbal child depending on the child's age. This article will review options for assessing vision in each age group and provide information as to which method will yield the most accurate result.