肾上腺嗜酸细胞腺瘤一例报告并文献复习

目的报道1例肾上腺嗜酸细胞腺瘤患者的临床及病理特点。方法患者,男,37岁,体检发现左肾上腺肿物15 d入院。既往否认高血压、低血钾等病史。实验室检查血钾、血儿茶酚胺、血皮质醇、立卧位肾素血管紧张素、醛固酮、尿3-甲基-4-羟基苦杏仁酸、尿17-羟皮质类固醇、17-酮皮质类固醇均正常。B超及CT检查示左肾上腺区肿物,直径约7 cm。术前诊断为左肾上腺区肿物,行后腹腔镜下左肾上腺肿物切除术。结果术中发现肿物体积较大,包膜完整光滑,与周围组织无粘连,肿物表面血管较为丰富,术中碰触肿物,血压无波动,完整切除肿物。术后病理检查示肿瘤细胞嗜酸性,内部充满颗粒,诊断为肾上腺嗜酸细胞腺瘤。随访2个月无复发。结论肾上腺嗜酸细胞腺瘤是一种具有潜在恶性的良性肿瘤,可手术切除,但需密切随访。     

巨大肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞腺瘤(附1例报告)

目的 探讨肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞腺瘤的诊断与治疗方法.方法 报道经治的一例巨大肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞腺瘤的临床资料,并结合文献复习进行讨论.患者术前血压、血皮质醇等检查均正常,行彻底肿瘤切除.结果 完整切除巨大肿瘤,术后病理证实为右侧肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞腺瘤,患者术后恢复良好,无并发症发生.结论 肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞腺瘤属罕见肿瘤,多为良性,缺乏典型的临床表现及实验室检查,手术切除是首先的治疗手段.     

肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞癌的临床特点及诊疗对策(附2例报告)

目的:总结肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞癌(adrenocortical oncocytic carcinoma,AOC)临床特点、诊断标准、治疗方法以及预后。方法:报告AOC 2例,并通过Pubmed、CNKI数据库进行文献复习。结果:1例无症状女患者,CT提示左肾上腺9cm肿物;另1例患者男,腰疼,左肾上腺30cm肿物。2例患者相关内分泌检查均无异常。女患者接受腹腔镜左肾上腺肿物切除术,男患者接受经腹开放左肾上腺肿物切除。2例术后病理均提示肿物以嗜酸性细胞为主,有核异型性、核分裂相>5/HPF,包膜及血管浸润,免疫组化提示组织来源于肾上腺皮质。根据Bisceglia改良标准,AOC诊断成立。结论:AOC临床罕见,目前国内外共24例散发报道,治疗以手术为主,病理检查为其主要诊断方法,术后辅助治疗的方案及效果尚无定论,AOC恶性度低,预后较好。     

von Hippel-Lindau综合征外科治疗

目的 探讨von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)综合征的外科治疗方法.方法 VHL综合征患者4例.例1,男,56岁.主诉乏力、心悸2 d.空腹血糖2.37 mmol/L.CT检查示左肾上、下极3个肿块,直径分别为8.0、7.0、4.0 cm.10年前行脑血管母细胞瘤切除术.例2,女,57岁.主诉左腰痛不适1个月.CT检查示左肾上腺、左肾、胰体肿物,直径分别为2.7、4.5、2.1 cm.例3,女,39岁.查体发现左肾上腺占位1个月.CT检查示左肾上腺3.0 cm×4.0 cm实性占位,增强后肿块明显强化.既往有小脑、脊髓血管母细胞瘤及双侧肾癌手术史.例4,女,41岁.B超发现双肾肿瘤1个月入院.CT检查示左肾、左肾上腺、右肾、胰腺肿物,直径分别为4.0、3.0、1.5、2.0 cm.1个月前行y刀治疗多发脑部肿瘤.结果 4例均手术治疗.例1行左肾根治性切除术,病理报告肾血管周细胞瘤,随访6个月右肾未见异常.例2行左肾、左肾上腺、胰体尾及脾切除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、胰岛细胞瘤、肾上腺囊肿,随访3个月MRI检查发现脊髓肿瘤.例3行左肾上腺肿瘤摘除术,病理报告嗜铬细胞瘤,随访2年未见肿瘤复发.例4行左肾、左肾上腺切除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,3周后剜除右肾肿瘤,病理报告透明细胞癌,随访1年肿瘤未复发.结论 VHL可并发多器官肿瘤,较大中枢神经系统肿瘤可手术切除,多发较小的实性肿瘤可放疗.直径<3cm肾癌可密切随访、择期处理;直径>3cm肾癌首选保留肾单位手术.肾上腺肿瘤首选腺瘤摘除术,避免肾上腺全切术.腹部多器官肿瘤一期手术安全可行. 理报告肾透明细胞癌、胰岛细胞瘤、肾上腺囊肿,随访3个月MRI检查发现脊髓肿瘤.例3行左肾上腺肿瘤摘除术,病理报告嗜铬细胞瘤,随访2年未见肿瘤复发.例4行左肾、左肾上腺 除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,3周后剜除右肾肿瘤,病理报告透明细胞癌,随访1年肿瘤未复发.结论 VHL可并发多器官肿瘤,较大中枢神经系统肿瘤可手术切除,多发较小的实性肿瘤可放疗.直径<3cm肾癌可密切随访、择期处理;直径>3cm肾癌首选保留肾单位手术.肾上腺肿瘤首选腺瘤摘除术,避免肾上腺全切术.腹部多器官肿瘤一期手术安全可行. 理报告肾透明细胞癌、胰岛细胞瘤、肾上腺囊肿,随访3个月MRI检查发现脊髓肿瘤.例3行左肾上腺肿瘤摘除术,病理报告嗜铬细胞瘤,随访2年未见肿瘤复发.例4行左肾、左肾上腺 除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,3周后剜除右肾肿瘤,病理报告透明细胞癌,随访1年肿瘤未复发.结论 VHL可并发多器官肿瘤,较大中枢神经系统肿瘤可手术切除,多发较小的实性肿瘤可放疗.直径<3cm肾癌可密切随访、择期处理;直径>3cm肾癌首选保留肾单位手术.肾上腺肿瘤首选腺瘤摘     

肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞腺瘤的临床病理特征和腹腔镜手术

目的探讨肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞腺瘤的临床病理特征及微创治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2005年1月～2017年2月肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞腺瘤4例的临床资料,并进行相关文献复习。女2例,男2例,年龄15～59岁,平均42岁。2例女性表现为男性化,均有多次自然流产史。2例腰背部疼痛。术前CT均提示肾上腺肿瘤,4例均行后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术。结果均手术顺利,术后病理测量肿瘤直径3.0～9.0 cm,(5.10±2.76)cm。病理均提示肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞腺瘤:肿瘤组织嗜酸性明显,大部分区域肿瘤细胞弥漫分布,未见明确核分裂象。均未见出血、坏死、包膜或血管受侵犯。术后随访9～60个月,平均44个月,未见复发。结论肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞腺瘤体积多较大,绝大多数临床表现多样复杂,极易与其他肾上腺肿瘤混淆,病理方能确诊,微创手术治疗预后较好。     

肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤的诊疗分析(附8例报告)

目的:探讨肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤的临床、影像学及病理特点,提高肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤的诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析8例肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤患者的临床资料。临床表现为左腰痛1例,腰酸及镜下血尿1例,余6例由体检发现。8例均行超声和CT检查,1例行MRI及IVP检查。5例术前诊断为肾癌,2例术前怀疑肾癌,但良性病变不除外,1例诊断为肾盂癌。5例行肾部分切除术,2例行根治性肾切除术,1例行腹腔镜肾、输尿管及部分膀胱切除术。结果:术后病理检查均诊断为肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤。肉眼观察肿瘤边界清楚;光镜下见肿瘤无明显异型性和核分裂相;电镜下胞浆内见大量线粒体。术后随访2个月～7年,所有病例均未出现复发和转移。结论:肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤是一种较少见的肾脏良性肿瘤,多无明显临床症状;影像学检查有阳性发现,但在区分良恶性上不可靠;确诊有赖于病理检查。治疗上首选保留肾单位手术,术中冷冻病理切片可对手术提供重要信息,其预后良好,但应密切随访。     

黏液样肾上腺皮质腺瘤一例报告及文献复习

目的 探讨黏液样肾上腺皮质腺瘤的临床病理特点及治疗方法.方法 分析1例黏液样肾上腺皮质腺瘤患者的临床资料,总结其临床表现、影像学特点、病理学结果及治疗方法,结合文献复习讨论.患者,女,43岁.主诉反复发作头痛、乏力10年,伴高血压、低血钾症.B超提示左肾上腺4.1 crux 3.4 cm低回声实性占位,CT提示肾上腺内2.5 cm×3.8 cm×4.0 cm肿物,CT值24HU,增强后瘤体外周CT值41 HU,中心未见明显强化.结果 患者行腹腔镜下手术,完整切除肿瘤及同侧肾上腺.病理报告:肿物灰粉灰红色相间,质地较硬.肿物剖面呈灰粉灰黄相间的胶冻样物,可见散在出血点.镜下肿瘤细胞大小一致,细胞境界清楚,核膜及核仁无明显异型性,未见核分裂象.肿瘤细胞内可见黏液样物质,部分区域可见细胞周围黏液样基质.免疫组织化学及特殊染色结果:波形纤维蛋白(+)、黑色素蛋白一A(+),阿尔辛蓝/对氨基水杨酸染色(+).病理诊断:黏液样肾上腺皮质腺瘤.术后患者血压及血钾等各项生化指标恢复正常,随访6个月未见肿瘤复发.结论 黏液样肾上腺皮质腺瘤是少见的肾上腺皮质肿瘤,确诊需依靠病理学检查,手术切除肿瘤及同侧肾上腺为首选治疗.     

后腹腔镜技术治疗肾上腺肿物22例报告

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾上腺肿物切除的方法和临床应用价值。方法采用后腹腔镜技术治疗肾上腺占位性病变22例,其中皮质醇腺瘤7例,醛固酮腺瘤9例,肾上腺囊肿2例,肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤3例,肾上腺髓质增生1例。结果手术均获成功,手术时间40~120min,平均75min,术中出血量20~200ml,平均50ml,平均下床时间1.5d(1~3d),平均术后住院时间为5.6d(3~9d),22例随访6~36个月,平均11个月,血压、体貌和生化检查均正常,切除肿物平均直径为2.6cm(1.5~5.5cm),病理检查报告与术前相符。结论后腹腔镜手术切除肾上腺肿瘤入路直接,手术效果确切,具有痛苦小、损伤小,并发症少及患者恢复快等优点,是一种安全有效的术式。     

恶性淋巴瘤侵及泌尿生殖系三例

例1女性,46岁。因发热1个月在内科住院治疗,超声检查发现双侧肾上腺区实质性占位病变,于2003年2月转入我科。查体:全身浅表淋巴结无肿大,腹部未查及包块。胸部X线片示纵隔区未见异常;CT显示双侧肾上腺区分别可见直径8·0 cm×6·0 cm,7·0 cm×6·5 cm球形实性占位病变,界限清晰,密度不均匀。以腹膜后肿物于2003年2月9日行探查手术。术中见肿物位于肾上腺区,挤压并与肾上腺紧密粘连。腹膜后无肿大淋巴结。切除肿物,术中双侧肾上腺均有不同程度的损伤。术后出现肾上腺功能低下表现。术后病理检查:非霍奇金弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤;免疫组化:角…     

肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞肿瘤7例临床分析

目的 探讨肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞肿瘤的临床和病理学特点.方法 回顾性分析7例肾上腺嗜酸细胞肿瘤的临床资料.结果 7例患者中,1例表现为女性男性化,2例表现为皮质醇增多症,4例无特异表现,肿瘤大小1.5 cm×1.5 cm×2 cm～8 cm× 8cm×9 cm,包膜完整,与周围没有粘连.切面为灰黄色,光镜下胞质内含丰富的嗜酸颗粒,细胞无明显异型性和核分裂相.3例免疫组化NSE（＋）、VIM（＋）.7例均诊断为良性肿瘤,手术切除后未见肿瘤复发和转移.结论 肾上腺嗜酸细胞肿瘤有其自身的特点,大多是没有功能的,发现时一般肿瘤体积比较大,应该根据肿瘤的病理学特征进行良恶性鉴别,术后需要随访.     

False positive 18F-FDG PET scan in adrenal oncocytoma

18F-FDG whole-body positron emulsion tomography (18F-FDG PET) has become an established imaging modality for a variety of cancers. Today, 18F-FDG PET is utilized to differentiate benign from malignant non-functioning adrenal masses. In this report, a 25-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of left flank pain. Abdominal CT revealed a left 6.5 x 4.5 cm adrenal mass with regular margins and focal calcification. To make a differential diagnosis, 18F-FDG PET was performed. Preoperative laboratory studies showed that the mass was non-functioning. A left adrenalectomy was performed through a left subcostal incision. The final pathologic evaluation revealed adrenal oncocytoma. We present the disassociation between preoperative 18F-FDG PET and pathologic findings of a benign adrenocortical oncocytoma.     

Non-hormonal adrenocortical adenoma with oncocytoma-like appearances

We report a case of non-hormonal adrenocortical adenoma. The tumor was removed en block with the adrenal gland. The specimen was 5.0 X 4.5 X 3.0 cm, weighed 30 g and was solid. Histologically, this tumor had an oncocytoma-like appearance. However, as there is no concept of oncocytoma in connection with adrenocortical adenoma, this case was diagnosed as adrenocortical adenoma. A case with such histological findings has never been reported.     

Long-term survival after bilateral adrenalectomy for metachronous adrenocortical cancer

We report the case of a female patient with bilateral metachronous adrenocortical cancer who survived long-term after adrenalectomy. In 1991, the patient underwent left adrenalectomy to remove a huge adrenal mass (10 x 9 cm) displaying no hormonal abnormality. Histological diagnosis was adrenocortical cancer. A right adrenal mass (7 x 6 cm) was found 4 years after left adrenalectomy. Right adrenalectomy was performed, and histological diagnosis was again adrenocortical cancer. The patient remains alive with no evidence of disease 8 years after last surgery.     

Nonfunctioning adrenal tumors. Dilemmas in management

A retrospective study conducted from 1975-1987 at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and affiliated hospitals identified 28 patients, ranging in age from 22 to 74 years, who were noted to have "nonfunctioning" adrenocortical tumors. Eighteen (64%) were men, and ten (36%) were women. A left adrenal mass was present in 16 (57%) patients, a right in 11 (39%) patients, and one (4%) patient had bilateral adrenal enlargements. Nineteen patients underwent an adrenalectomy. Ten were found to have adrenocortical adenomas, ranging is size from 2.5-4.0 cm in greatest diameter. Three were adrenocortical carcinomas (3.0, 5.5, and 8.0 cm). A necrotic mass (14.0 cm) was found in one patient. Two patients had myelolipoma, one had ganglioneuroma, and one had a suspected primary melanoma. Five patients were not operated upon and were followed by serial computed tomographic scans for variable periods; two died of unrelated cardiac problems, and one was lost to follow-up. Three patients underwent biopsy with benign pathology. The data indicate a high incidence of adenoma and carcinoma in patients with nonfunctioning adrenal tumors that measure more than 3.0 cm in diameter. These tumors have the potential to progress to malignant degeneration without any recognizable clinical or endocrine abnormalities. The authors thus conclude that all patients with "nonfunctioning" adrenal tumors that are larger than 3.0 cm in diameter should undergo surgical exploration and excision.     

Laparoscopic approach to a large adrenocortical oncocytoma: A case report and review of the literature

INTRODUCTIONAdrenocortical oncocytomas are extremely rare tumors, considered to be non-functional and of low malignant potential. Despite the great advance in laparoscopic techniques, there are extremely limited reports of laparoscopic approach of adrenocortical oncocytomas. Herein is presented a challenging case of laparoscopic approach to a large adrenocortical oncocytoma, underlining the safety and feasibility of laparoscopy in the surgical management of these extremely rare adrenal tumors.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 34 year-old male was referred for surgical evaluation after the incidental discovery of a large right adrenal mass, during ultrasound examination due to renal colic. Further imaging evaluation revealed a well circumscribed capsule around the mass was demonstrated, with no evidence of infiltration of the neoplasm to periadrenal tissues. The patient was scheduled for laparoscopic right adrenalectomy, running an uneventful postoperative period. Histopathology revealed the presence of an adrenal oncocytoma.DISCUSSIONRecent studies have demonstrated that approximately one third of adrenocortical oncocytomas are associated with hormonal hypersecretion, as well as that one fifth of them demonstrate malignant biological behavior. From this point of view, there is emerging evidence in favor of the necessity of surgical excision as the treatment of choice. In spite of the progress of laparoscopic surgery, only three cases of laparoscopic excision of these tumors have been reported up to date.CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic surgery offers a safe alternative in confronting adrenocortical neoplasms, even when the biological behavior of the tumors cannot be pre-operatively evaluated in a definite way.     

肾上腺偶发瘤128例临床分析

目的 提高肾上腺偶发瘤的早期诊断与鉴别诊断水平,指导临床治疗.方法 回顾性分析1996年3月至2010年3月在我院健康体检或因肾上腺以外疾病就诊而发现的128例肾上腺偶发瘤患者的资料.男60例,女68例.年龄20～75岁,平均50岁.肿瘤直径＜3 cm者63例,3～6cm者56例,＞6 cm者10例.128例患者均行血生化、电解质和肾上腺皮、髓质代谢检测及腹部超声、CT检查;6例行MRI检查.128例均行手术治疗.结果 128例术后病理诊断肾上腺皮质腺瘤85例,嗜铬细胞瘤13例,肾上腺囊肿8例,神经节瘤、髓样脂肪瘤各7例,肾上腺皮质结节状增生4例,肾上腺皮质癌2例,肾上腺皮质嗜酸细胞瘤、神经鞘瘤、肾上腺脂肪肉瘤各1例.其中1例嗜铬细胞瘤患者术中死于低血压休克,未计入总例数.结论 肾上腺偶发瘤术前定性诊断困难,对于直径＞6 cm及功能性偶发瘤应积极手术治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To improve the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of adrenal incidentalomas to guide clinical management of this disease. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight cases were diagnosed as adrenal incidentalomas due to health examination or treatment of other than adrenal disease,including 60 males and 68 females,whose ages were between 20 and 75 years,with a mean age of 50 years.Tumor diamer:＜3 cm 63 cases,3-6 cm 6 cases,＞6 cm 10 cases.128 patients all had biochemical and electrolyte examination,adrenal cortex and medulla biochemical testing,abdominal ultrasound and CT examination,6 cases with MRI examination.Surgery and post operative pathological examination were performed in all patients. Results Post operative pathology finally diagnosed adrenocortical adenoma in 85 cases,pheochromocytoma in 13 cases,adrenal cyst in 8 cases,paraganglioma and myeiolipoma in 7 eases respectively,adrenal nodular hyperplasia in 4 cases,adrenocortical carcinoma in 2 cases,adrenoconical oncocytoma,cellular Schwannoma and adrenal liposarcoma in 1 case,respectively.One case of pheochromocytoma patients died of intraoperative hypotension,which is not included in the total number. Conclusions The preperative diagnosis of adrenal incidentalomas is difficult.For adrenal incidentalomas with diameter more than 6 cm and those with endocrine function,early surgicM treatment is recommended.     

肾窦异位肾上腺皮质腺瘤诊治分析

目的:提高对肾窦肿瘤及异位肾上腺病变的认识。方法:2011年7月我院收治1例男性肾窦异位肾上腺皮质腺瘤患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,同时结合文献进行讨论。结果:术后普切及免疫组化考虑异位肾上腺皮质腺瘤。随访1年,患者临床症状消失,肿瘤未见复发。结论:肾窦肿瘤及成人异位肾上腺临床少见。影像学检查对明确诊断有一定帮助,最终需病理资料确诊。     

Metastatic adrenocortical oncocytoma: a case report

With only 51 cases reported in the literature to date, adrenocortical oncocytoma is an exceedingly rare pathological variant of adrenal neoplasms. The first case of metastatic adrenocortical oncocytoma is reported along with an update of the literature. A role for radiotherapy in the palliative setting is demonstrated.     

Retroperitoneoscopic partial adrenalectomy for large adrenocortical oncocytoma

A young woman had mild hypertension, and on evaluation, a large tumor arising from the right adrenal gland was found. The tumor was hormonally inactive. Retroperitoneoscopic partial adrenalectomy was carried out. The histopathology report described adrenocortical oncocytoma.