一种新的计算机适应色觉试验

目的:提出一种新的计算机适应色觉试验(NCACVT)并且解释它在实际应用中的可靠性和重要性.方法:法一孟二式100色度试验(FM100HT)和Holmgren试验已经被改良并且适应计算机应用.经典的Ishihara假同色法试验方法(IPPT)已被假定是色盲的一个简便的筛选检查工具;因此依照Ishihara试验结果,受试者被分为色觉有缺陷组(第1组)和对照组(第2组).第1组为色觉有缺陷者13例(男12例,女1例),年龄在19～29(平均21)岁,而第2组为对照组,13个受试者色觉无缺陷(男8例,女5例),年龄在19～28(平均22)岁.为了研究两组人的色觉敏感性,所有的受试者都要进行FM100HT和NCACVT试验.将经典的IPPT,FM100HT和NCACVT的试验结果用统计学方法进行比较.在这两组中NCACVT和FM100HT的误差计分用秩和检验来分析.结果:在误差计分中的差别分别在统计学上是有显著意义的(U=169,P＜0.05;U=153 P＜0.05).根据NCACVT来诊断色觉缺陷的临界点是通过使用接受机器作特征曲线(ROC)而被发现是23.根据23这个临界点的误差计分,在筛选检查色觉缺陷方面,发现NCACVT具有100%的敏感性和100%的特异性.结论:根据Harper和Reeves,这些特点使得这个试验成为一个可靠的、有创意的眼科实践筛选试验.     

白内障患者手术前后辨色力的变化

目的研究白内障患者行超声乳化术＋人工晶状体（IOL）植入术手术前后辨色力的变化。方法选取46～84岁的年龄相关性白内障患者22例（30眼）,术前矫正视力为0．5～0．8,行白内障超声乳化手术＋可折叠IOL植入术。采用Farnsworth-Munsell 100（FM100）色棋盒测试患者术前及术后1个月的色觉变化,并利用其自带软件计算色觉错误评分。结果术后单组色棋盒的错误评分及总评分均较术前降低（P〈0．01）,术后绿色-蓝色色棋盒的错误评分高于其他3个组（P〈0．01）。结论利用FM100色棋盒可以定量测定白内障患者的色觉质量。     

弱视眼的色觉心理物理测定

应用ＦＭ１００色彩试验、Ｄ－１５色盘试验和俞自萍色盲图检查了３７例单侧弱视患者的色觉功能，并与健眼作对比分析。结果显示弱视眼有色觉功能异常，异常率为５２％。色觉异常按Ｓｍｉｔｈ分析法８８％为兰黄色觉异常，１２％为红绿色觉异常。旁中心注视眼、斜视性弱视和中重度弱视眼的色觉功能与健眼比较有显著性异常（Ｐ＜０．０５）；中心注视眼、屈光参差性弱视和轻度弱视眼的色觉功能与健眼无显著性差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对弱视眼色觉损害的机理进行了讨论。     

Relation of eye dominancy with color vision discrimination performance ability in normal subjects

AIM: To evaluate the performance of dominant eye (DE) for color vision discrimination ability among the medical students with normal color vision.CONCLUSION: The color vision discrimination performance ability was found prominent for DE. This superiority was attributed to higher sensitivityof the r/g local color spectral region. We conclude that DE has priority in r/g color spectral region, probably including inhibition of NDE.     

Technical Note: The effect of refractive blur on colour vision evaluated using the Cambridge Colour Test, the Ishihara Pseudoisochromatic Plates and the Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue Test

The results of a prospective study examining the effect of refractive blur on colour vision performance in normal subjects measured with three different colour vision tests are reported. The Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue (FM100) and Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) results were significantly affected at +6 D of spherical refractive blur, whereas those from the Ishihara Pseudoisochromatic Plate (IPP) test were not. In a clinical setting, correction of refractive error up to 3 D for colour vision testing with these tests may not be required. Poor colour vision should not be attributed solely to refractive causes of poor visual acuity (Snellen equivalent: >6/36). Fastest test times were achieved using IPP, followed by CCT.     

百分制色觉定量检测表对正常人及先天性色觉异常者色觉感色力及辨色力的评估

目的 通过自行设计百分制色觉定量检测表(百分制量表)检查正常人及先天性色觉异常者色觉感色力和辨色力的差异。设计诊断技术评价。研究对象 采用俞自萍色盲本筛查色觉正常者48例(男性46例,女性2例);采用Farnsworth Munsell(FM-100)色相检测法确诊的红色觉异常者28例(男性27例,女性1例),绿色觉异常者71例(男性68例,女性3例)。方法 采用自制百分制量表检测受试者的色觉感色力和辨色力,并对评分进行对比分析,采用中位数(四分位数)描述。主要指标红色、绿色及蓝色感色力和红绿、红蓝及绿蓝辨色力百分制量表评分。结果 用百分制量表评价,正常人红色、绿色、蓝色感色力评分分别为96(95,97)、98(97,98)、95(92.25,96);红绿、红蓝、绿蓝辨色力评分分别为97(97,98)、96(95,97)、98(97,98)。与正常人相比,先天性红色觉异常患者的红色感色力[91.5(89.25,93)]、蓝色感色力[93(90,95)]和红蓝辨色力[90.50(86.25,92)]评分下降(Z=-6.837、-3.151、-6.780,P均<0.01);先天性绿色...     

Functional similarities between polarization vision and color vision

Consideration o the similarities between color vision (CV) and polarization vision (PV) leads to improved theoretical understanding of PV and to suggestions for new kinds of behavioral and electrophysiological experiments involving partially polarized light. We propose that angle and degree of polarization as parameters for a PV system are analogous to dominant wavelength and purity as parameters for a CV system. Although three linearly independent receptors must cooperate to determine polarizational angle independent of both degree and intensity, a PV system based on only two receptors is not polarization-blind but is characterized by neutral points and confusion states of polarization if the eye fixates.     

The relationship between central and mid-peripheral motion perception and the hazard perception test in younger and older adults

Introduction

Vision standards for driving are typically based on visual acuity, despite evidence that it is a poor predictor of driving safety and performance. However, visual motion perception is potentially relevant for driving, as the vehicle and surroundings are in motion. This study explored whether tests of central and mid-peripheral motion perception better predict performance on a hazard perception test (HPT), which is related to driving performance and crash risk, than visual acuity. Additionally, we explored whether age influences these associations, as healthy ageing impairs performance on some motion sensitivity tests.

Methods

Sixty-five visually healthy drivers (35 younger, mean age: 25.5; SD 4.3 years; 30 older adults, mean age: 71.0; SD 5.4 years) underwent a computer-based HPT, plus four different motion sensitivity tests both centrally and at 15° eccentricity. Motion tests included minimum displacement to identify motion direction (D_min), contrast detection threshold for a drifting Gabor (motion contrast), coherence threshold for a translational global motion stimulus and direction discrimination for a biological motion stimulus in the presence of noise.

Results

Overall, HPT reaction times were not significantly different between age groups (p = 0.40) nor were maximum HPT reaction times (p = 0.34). HPT response time was associated with motion contrast and D_min centrally (r = 0.30, p = 0.02 and r = 0.28, p = 0.02, respectively) and with D_min peripherally (r = 0.34, p = 0.005); these associations were not affected by age group. There was no significant association between binocular visual acuity and HPT response times (r = 0.02, p = 0.29).

Conclusions

Some measures of motion sensitivity in central and mid-peripheral vision were associated with HPT response times, whereas binocular visual acuity was not. Peripheral testing did not show an advantage over central testing for visually healthy older drivers. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that the ability to detect small motion changes may have potential to identify unsafe road users.     

Effects of ethyl alcohol on the electrooculogram and color vision

Color vision tests and electrooculography (EOG) were performed in 6 male and 2 female healthy young trichromatic volunteers between 60 and 130 min after finishing consumption of ethyl alcohol leading to blood levels of approximately 0.07% to 0.16%. The average number of errors in the desaturated Panel D-15 arrangement test rose from 0.86 to 2.0; the average error score in the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test rose from 26 to 79. The axis of errors in both tests was clearly tritanopic and tetartanopic, pointing to a specific effect of ethyl alcohol on the function of blue-sensitive cones and/or their interaction with longer wavelength-sensitive cones.Ethyl alcohol decreased the size of the light-peak, apparently in a dose-dependent fashion, in each of the 16 eyes by values between 3% and 79%. The effect of alcohol on the EOG light peak was stronger between 30 and 95 min (23% decrease in average) than between 95 and 130 min (14% decrease) after the finish of alcohol administration.     

Prevalence of color vision deficiency among Chinese college students and their quality of life

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of color vision deficiency (CVD) among college students and their quality of life (QoL) in a Chinese college.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in Sichuan University in Chengdu, China. The questionnaire containing participants'' demographic data, as well as CVD related QoL was distributed to students who were screened as CVD [by Color Vision Examination Plates (Version 6)] in 2022 freshman entrance examination. Color blindness QoL (CBQoL) and utility analysis were used to evaluate the QoL of CVD students.RESULTS: There were 381 of 17 303 (2.20%) students screened as CVD, including 368 (4.11%) males and 13 (0.16%) females. A total of 317 students completed the questionnaire, the response rate was 83.20%. Only 166 participants (52.3%) knew they have CVD before the physical examination for college entrance examination, while a total of 145 participants (45.74%) hoped to be diagnosed earlier. The medians of CBQoL score and utility were 5.85 (range 2.2-6) and 1 (range 0-1), respectively. The proportions of students whose QoL is affected by CVD were 67.63% (211/312) and 42.27% (134/317) measured by CBQoL and utility analysis respectively.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CVD in males is much higher than that in females. The time when CVD students first became aware of their CVD is relatively late. The QoL of the study population is quite high, while a large proportion of students'' QoL are affected by CVD. It is suggested that as a congenital defect, CVD screening in China should be earlier, and appropriate guidance and support are needed for CVD patients to help them better adapt to life, study, and work.