102例多发性骨髓瘤临床资料分析

目的:为了了解反映瘤负荷及近期疗效的指标,比较DS分期与SWOG分期反映体内瘤负荷的水平的相关性。方法:回顾性分析102例多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的临床资料。结果:血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血肌酐(Scr)、骨骼损害积分、M蛋白量(轻链型及IgD、IgE型除外)、DS分期、SWOG分期与β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)呈正相关(均P<0.05);DS分期与SWOG分期具有良好的相关性(均P<0.05);治疗前血红蛋白(Hb)、血肌酐、白蛋白、β2-MG、骨骼损害积分是影响疗效的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:SWOG分期较DS分期简单易行,同样能较好地反映体内瘤负荷及预后;动态测定血肌酐、β2-MG、白蛋白对治疗和预后判断有一定的指导意义。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者血清β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白水平的测定及其与病程和预后的关系

目的测定β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和C-反应蛋白(CRP)在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者血清中含量的变化,探讨β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白对多发性骨髓瘤患者临床预后判断的意义。方法将39例多发性骨髓瘤患者分为初发期组、稳定期组和进展期组,分别测定各组β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白水平,并与多发性骨髓瘤患者各预后因素进行相关分析,以30例体检健康者为对照组。结果初发期组、稳定期组、进展期组β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),进展期组与稳定期组、初发期组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),所有多发性骨髓瘤患者年龄、血红蛋白(Hb)、血肌肝(Cr)、Ca2 、M蛋白等因素与β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白水平呈正相关。结论在影响多发性骨髓瘤患者生存的诸多因素中,血清β2-微球蛋白和C-反应蛋白可作为重要或独立的预后因素。     

多发性骨髓瘤低白蛋白血症原因探讨

目的探讨多发性骨髓瘤患者(MM)低白蛋白血症的原因。方法1997-01~2004-08对浙江大学附属邵逸夫医院71例多发性骨髓瘤患者的年龄、血钙、Hb、肾功能、骨质破坏、骨髓浆细胞比例、球蛋白、M蛋白等与白蛋白进行相关性分析;并对高球蛋白(>35g/L)和非高球蛋白组的白蛋白、胆固醇、血钙、Hb、浆细胞比例及D-S分期情况进行比较。结果MM患者白蛋白水平与球蛋白及M蛋白有相关性(P<0.05);高球蛋白组血清白蛋白和胆固醇水平明显低于非高球蛋白组(P<0.05);但两组间的D-S分期及Hb水平、骨髓浆细胞比例均无差异(P>0.05)。结论MM患者白蛋白水平下降主要是由于球蛋白升高所致,其机制可能与肝脏白蛋白减少有关;而肿瘤负荷对其影响较小。     

VEGF在初诊多发性骨髓瘤患者中的意义

目的:探索血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平在多发性骨髓瘤患者(MM)中的意义。方法:选取2018年6月至2020年12月初诊于甘肃省人民医院血液内科MM患者59例,检测其VEGF、白蛋白(ALB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)等实验室指标,分析VEGF与MM患者各临床指标相关性;单因素和多因素分析各实验室指标对MM患者预后的影响;通过生存分析初步评估VEGF等水平对MM预后价值。结果:VEGF升高的MM患者血小板及ALB水平减低,而β2-MG、LDH及血肌酐(Cr)水平则明显升高(P<0.05);分期较晚的患者VEGF水平更高(P<0.05);单因素及多因素分析显示VEGF、β2-MG、ALB及Cr可影响MM患者预后;生存分析显示VEGF、β2-MG和不良预后有关。结论:VEGF水平与MM患者各临床指标存在相关性,并对预后有重要意义。     

恶性淋巴瘤血清乳酸脱氢酶及β2-微球蛋白测定的临床意义

目的:探讨恶性淋巴瘤(ML)患者血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)测定的临床意义.方法:对48例ML患者分别采用速率法及放免法测定血清LDH、β2-MG水平.结果:Ⅰ加Ⅱ期与Ⅲ加Ⅳ期ML患者LDH值比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而β2-MG差异显著,高度恶性与中、低度ML患者的LDH值比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),β2-MG值比较差异无统计学意义.有无B组症状患者、有无骨髓浸润患者相比血清LDH、β2-MG值明显升高,2者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).而经化疗缓解者水平均显著下降(P＜0.01).结论:血清LDH、β2-MG对ML患者分期、恶性程度、有无骨髓浸润、疗效判断及预后有参考价值.     

血、尿β2-MG与AASI在冠心病诊断中的价值

目的 探讨血、尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)与动态动脉僵硬度指数(AASI)在冠心病诊断中的价值.方法 收集我院高血压患者164例,所有患者均行冠状动脉造影术,其中冠心病者133例,非冠心病者31例;另设健康对照组39名.所有研究对象均监测24 h动态血压,计算动脉僵硬度指数 (AASI),实验室应用放射免疫法检测血、尿β2-MG水平.结果 高血压患者合并冠心病组血清β2-MG、尿β2-MG、AASI水平均较非冠心病组明显升高(P<0.01);无论是冠心病组或非冠心病组,高血压患者血清β2-MG、尿β2-MG、AASI水平较健康对照组均明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);AASI与血尿β2-MG 有良好的相关性(P<0.01);多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示:血尿β2-MG、AASI与冠心病的发生密切相关.结论 血、尿β2-MG、AASI与高血压、冠心病的关系较为密切.血尿β2-MG、AASI可作为冠心病的独立预测因素.     

恶性血液病患者血清sHLA-Ⅰ水平的变化及临床意义

目的探讨白血病、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤等恶性血液病患者体内可溶性人类白细胞抗原Ⅰ（sHLA-Ⅰ）水平的变化及其临床意义。方法用ELISA方法检测112例恶性血液病患者的血清sHLA-Ⅰ水平。结果血清8HLA．冰平白血病、多发性骨髓瘤、淋巴瘤均高于正常对照组（P均〈0．01）,淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤高于白血病（P均〈0．05）,淋巴瘤组与多发性骨髓瘤组比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;白血病初治组、复发或未缓解组血清sHLA-Ⅰ水平高于缓解组（P均〈0．01）,初治组与复发组比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。血清sHLA-Ⅰ水平与患者外周血乳酸脱氢酶及β2-微球蛋白水平有关。结论血清sHLA-Ⅰ可以作为一种辅助监测及判断恶性血液病预后及复发的指标。     

养肝益水颗粒对高血压病早期肾损害尿微量蛋白及一氧化氮和内皮素的影响

目的 观察养肝益水颗粒对高血压病早期肾损害尿微量蛋白和血浆内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)的影响.方法 70例高血压痛早期肾损害患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组.两组均给予常规降压治疗.治疗组同时加服养肝益水颗粒,每日3次,每次1袋(10g).两组疗程均为4周.分别于治疗前和治疗4周后检测尿微量白蛋白(MA)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、尿转铁蛋白(TRF)、尿免疫球蛋白(IgGu)和血浆ET、NO.每位患者治疗前后行血常规、尿常规、便常规、肝功能、肾功能、血糖、血脂、心电图检查.结果 治疗后两组尿MA、β2-MG、α1-MG、TRF、IgGu水平均明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且治疗组与对照组比较MA、α1-MG、β2-MG有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后患者ET显著降低,治疗组较对照组有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后NO明显上升(P<0.05).结论 养肝益水颗粒对高血压病早期肾损害具有减少尿微量蛋白排出的作用,并对ET、NO等指标有积极影响.     

血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C对冠心病患者早期肾损害的临床意义

目的探讨血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cyst-C)对冠心病早期肾损害的临床价值。方法血清Cyst-C测定采用酶联免疫吸附法,分别测定冠心病患者和正常人血清Cyst-C水平。结果冠心病组Cyst-C明显高于对照组(P<0.05),冠心病患者在血清Cyst-C阳性组和阴性组间血β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿白蛋白及尿β2-MG差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论冠心病患者血清Cyst-C是一种较血肌酐更敏感、更准确的反映肾功能的新指标。     

心踝血管指数与高血压早期肾损害的相关性研究

目的:探讨心踝血管指数(CAVI)与高血压早期肾损害的相关性。方法:入选60例高血压患者进行CAVI检测,同时测定尿微量白蛋白(MAU)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)水平;分析CAVI与MAU、β2-MG及NAG的相关性。结果:CAVI升高患者尿MAU、β2-MG及NAG均显著升高(均P<0.05);相关性分析显示CAVI与尿MAU、β2-MG及NAG呈显著正相关(r分别为0.681、0.912、0.853,均P<0.05)。结论:CAVI与高血压早期肾损害指标有显著相关性,可作为高血压患者早期肾损害评价指标之一。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.