Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in non-metastatic prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia

OBJECTIVES: We undertook the present study to investigate the possible alteration of oxidant/antioxidant status in the circulation of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. DESIGN AND METHODS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels were estimated in the erythrocytes of 25 non-metastatic prostate cancer patients, 36 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (controls). RESULTS: TBARS concentrations were significantly increased, while erythrocyte GPX and SOD activities were significantly decreased in the prostate cancer group versus controls (P < 0.001) and BPH group (P < 0.05). Zn levels were lowered in prostate cancer patients versus controls (P < 0.01) with no significant changes between BPH and cancer groups. Similarly, lipid peroxidation was increased (P < 0.05) with decreased SOD activity and Zn level (P < 0.05) in BPH versus controls. CONCLUSION: These results reveal an alteration in the lipid peroxidation index, with concomitant changes in the antioxidant defense system in prostate cancer patients compared to BPH patients. We hypothesize that an altered prooxidant-antioxidant balance may lead to an increase in oxidative damage and consequently may play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis.     

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on liver functions, oxidative status and histology in septic rats

Objective The liver is thought to be responsible for multiple organ failure during sepsis. Increase in tissue oxygen consumption is a major component of the septic response. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy provides more oxygenation in the whole body. This study examined the effect of HBO alone or in combination with cefepime (CEF) on the liver in septic rats.Design and interventions We divided 90 male rats into six groups; control, HBO, sepsis (SEP), SEP+HBO, SEP+CEF, and SEP+CEF+HBO. Sepsis was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli (2.1×10⁹ cfu). A total of six HBO sessions were performed at 2 atm absolute for 90 min at 6-h intervals. CEF was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg twice daily. Animals were killed 48 h after sepsis induction. Their liver and blood were removed for biochemical and histopathological analysis.Measurements and results Liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances as well as serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels increased while the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase decreased significantly in septic rats. These parameters returned to nearly control levels in the SEP+CEF+HBO group. Histological observations supported these findings: Hepatocellular degeneration was observed and intensive polymorphonuclear cell infiltration appeared in all fields of septic animal livers. HBO alone could not sufficiently reverse these histopathological changes, but most liver sections presented normal histology when it was combined with CEF.Conclusions HBO may be a useful adjuvant therapy modality to improve the efficacy of sepsis treatment.This article refers to the editorial     

A single exposure to hyperbaric oxygen does not cause oxidative stress in isolated platelets: no effect on superoxide dismutase, catalase, or cellular ATP

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate whether a single hyperbaric oxygen exposure causes oxidative stress in isolated platelets. DESIGN AND METHODS: Isolated horse platelets were exposed to 100% oxygen at 2.2 atmospheres, or 100% oxygen under normobaric conditions, or air under normobaric conditions for 90 min. RESULTS: There were no differences in platelet SOD activity between conditions, but there was a rise in SOD in all cases after 24 h (in control platelets at 24 h, SOD was 11.9 +/- 1.9 nmol/min/mg protein compared to initial background levels of 8.2 +/- 1.9 nmol/min/mg protein) (P < 0.05). Neither platelet catalase activity nor platelet GSH concentration changed over time, nor between conditions (catalase activity remained at around 12 units/mg protein, and GSH at around 1.58 nmol/mg protein). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a single HBO exposure has no detrimental effect on platelet biochemistry, and does not cause overt oxidative stress in vitro.     

高压氧治疗糖尿病大鼠心肌病变的研究

目的研究高压氧治疗能否改善链脲佐菌素（STZ）大鼠糖尿病性心肌的病损程度。方法STZ大鼠造模成功3个月、电镜证实有心肌病变后，随机分为3组：①高压氧治疗组60只：每天接受0．15MPa高压氧治疗1h，连续20d；②糖尿病对照组64只：不做治疗；③正常对照组40只：腹腔注射生理盐水的无糖尿病正常大鼠。分别在疗程的5、10、20d后处死治疗组及同期对照组大鼠，取心脏组织进行HE染色病理学观察和电镜观察。结果高压氧治疗20d后STZ大鼠的糖尿病性心肌病变明显好于同期糖尿病对照组，电镜观察显示肌丝排列整齐、线粒体排列规则、结构紧凑。结论高压氧治疗可减轻STZ大鼠糖尿病性心肌组织的病损程度。     

Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in prostate cancer patients: Relation to Gleason score, treatment and bone metastasis

Over the last decade, epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies have implicated oxidative stress in the development and progression of prostate cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the oxidative status and antioxidant defense in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) taking into consideration: treatment, Gleason score and bone metastasis. For this, we measured concentrations of plasmatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), serum protein carbonylation, whole blood catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as the plasma and erythrocyte thiol levels and serum vitamin C and E concentration. This study was performed on 55 patients with PCa and 55 healthy men. TBARS levels and serum protein carbonylation were higher in PCa patients than in controls and altered levels of antioxidants were found in these patients. CAT activity was decreased and SOD activity was higher in PCa patients when compared with controls. Non-protein thiol levels were increased, however, serum vitamin C and vitamin E content were reduced in PCa patients when compared with controls. In addition, different parameters analyzed in PCa patients based on metastasis, treatment and Gleason score showed changes in oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defenses. These findings may indicate an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant status, supporting the idea that oxidative stress plays a role in PCa, moreover, the oxidative profile appear to be modified by bone metastasis, treatment and Gleason score.     

高压氧治疗脑卒中的剂量研究

观察２２例脑卒中患者在高压氧治疗不同时期体内自由基代谢物质含量的变化。每天用０．２ＭＰａ高压氧稳压治疗４０ｍｉｎ，连续治疗２０天。结果发现，经高压氧连续治疗１０天，患者血浆ＬＰＯ含量的增加和红细胞ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨＰｘ活性的下降都不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５），仅红细胞明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；连续治疗２０天后，患者血浆ＬＰＯ含量明显增高，红细胞ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨＰｘ活性及ＧＳＨ含量显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。建议     

高压氧早期治疗脑梗死的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨高压氧（HBO）在脑梗死早期治疗中的临床疗效。方法 将104例发病6h以内的脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组患者于巴曲酶快速静脉滴注后即给予HBO治疗，对照组于用药（巴曲酶）7d后才开始HBO治疗；HBO治疗每日1次，共治疗10次。治疗结束后对所有患者进行神经功能缺损评分（N1S），并通过MRI测定、比较各组患者的脑梗死灶最大截面积。结果 2组患者N1S评分均较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．01），而且治疗组疗效明显优于对照组（P〈0.05），其梗死灶最大截面积亦显著小于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 对早期脑梗死患者联合应用药物及HBO治疗，可有效促进其神经细胞功能恢复，缩小梗死灶体积。     

Serum oxidative and antioxidant parameters in a group of Italian patients with age-related maculopathy

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure the oxidative and antioxidant biochemical parameters in the serum of Italian patients with age-related maculopathy (ARM) and in a similar age control group from the same area, in order to determine the weight of oxidative status as risk factor in the early stage of macular degeneration onwards. Design and methods: Forty-eight ARM patients (19 early and 29 late form) and 46 normal subjects, similar for age, sex and life-style, were studied. A series of serum and/or plasma antioxidants (vitamins C, E, A, total and individual carotenoids, zinc, total plasma antioxidant capacity—TRAP) and oxidative parameters (reactive oxygen metabolites—ROM, oxidized-low-density lipoprotein antibodies—anti-Ox-LDL) were evaluated in both groups, also with regard to age and disease stage. Results: Levels of vitamins C, E, total carotenoids and β-cryptoxanthine were lower in late ARM than in early ARM (p<0.05). Of the serum carotenoids investigated, only lycopene was lower in the two ARM forms than in controls (p<0.05). The main biochemical parameters, TRAP, zinc, anti-Ox-LDL and ROM were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: A deficit of antioxidants (vitamins C, E and carotenoids) seems to be associated with ARM in Italian patients, particularly the advanced form, it is also suggested that in ARM patients macular susceptibility to oxidative damage is not related with age.     

Cytotoxic effects of volatile anesthetics with free radicals undergoing laparoscopic surgery

BACKGROUND: Free radicals induced by several diseases can trigger oxidative stress, leading to the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl content (CB). Volatile agents are able to increase the extent of oxidative status. However, the effects of these agents together with pneumoperitonium (Pp) have not been reported. We aimed to investigate the role of volatile anesthetics and ischemic injury during Pp on free radicals and scavenging enzymes in laparoscopic abdominal surgery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty patients were examined. Patients were randomly divided into four groups in order to receive sevoflurane-fentanyl (SF = 10), sevoflurane-N(2)O (SN = 10), desflurane-fentanyl (DF = 10), and desflurane-N(2)O (DN = 10), respectively. Tidal volume and ventilation frequency were kept unchanged during the operation. Intraabdominal pressure was remained constant at 12 mm Hg. Baseline values in venous blood samples were preoperatively taken and blood was also taken postoperatively at the 6th and the 24th hours. After collection of blood samples into citrate (3.5 mg/mL blood) containing glass tubes, erythrocyte sediments were prepared for the analyses. Then malondialdehyde levels, protein carbonyl content, and sulfhydryl (SH) groups were measured. RESULTS: The levels of MDA and protein carbonyl content were significantly higher at the 6th hour rather than the 24th hour postoperatively with desflurane anesthesia. In addition, SH groups were significantly different between the 6th hour and the 24th hour measurements (P < 0.05). In our study, desflurane caused a statistically significant increase in MDA levels and protein carbonyl content and a decrease in SH groups. When the two groups were compared, in the case of MDA and CB values, a significant increase was observed in the 6th and the 24th hour, where there was a decrease in SH groups in the desflurane group (P < 0.05). These parameters did not change in the sevoflurane group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that desflurane was affected by desflurane with low flow anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Significant influence on oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanics was not seen with sevoflurane anesthesia. Our studies support that oxidant and antioxidant defense mechanisms were altered in the desflurane group and this alteration improved after a combination of desflurane-N(2)O.     

脑梗死患者高压氧治疗依从性的影响因素

目的:探讨脑梗死患者高压氧治疗依从性影响因素。方法:选取2018年4月至2019年11月陆军第七十三集团军医院收治的脑梗死患者80例。采用问卷调查的方式统计患者基本资料及治疗依从性情况。通过单因素分析影响脑梗死患者高压氧治疗依从性的相关影响因素,通过多因素Logistic回归分析影响脑梗死患者高压氧治疗依从性的独立影响...     

Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

OBJECTIVES: In this study we aimed to determine the levels of Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to investigate their contribution to tissue injury in inflammatory bowel disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty-seven GSH-Px patients (35 with ulcerative colitis and 12 with Crohn's disease) and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Their plasma and MDA levels were compared using nonparametric statistical methods. RESULTS: Plasma GSH-Px levels of the patients group were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between patients and controls in view of plasma levels of MDA. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of GSH-Px, which is response against oxidative stress, indicates the increase of free radicals in IBD, while normal plasma MDA levels suggest the clearance of free radicals without leading to lipid peroxidation. Our result reveals that there is an existing antioxidant capacity despite oxidative stress in patients with IBD.     

高压氧致一氧化碳中毒患者血管炎性反应的观察及护理

目的 探讨高压氧对一氧化碳中毒患者血管的损害,特别是对静脉血管的损害程度,了解加重血管炎性反应的因素,从而采取相应的防护措施。方法 2006年1月至2008年1月随机选取一氧化碳中毒患者80例作为观察组,抽取其他疾病患者(头晕及胸闷待查的患者)80例作为对照组。2组患者均接受高压氧治疗。比较2组患者静脉血管充盈时间,并了解观察组患者疼痛反应的变化情况。结果 2组患者静脉血管充盈时间比较差异显著。观察组患者较高压氧治疗前,疼痛敏感性增强。结论 高压氧治疗与一氧化碳中毒患者血管炎性反应关系密切,应以此制定防护措施,防止血管进一步损害,减轻患者痛苦,保障全程治疗的顺利进行。     

流程改进在高压氧治疗护理中的应用

目的:探讨流程改进在高压氧治疗护理服务中的应用效果。方法:分析以往流程存在问题,重新设计高压氧治疗流程,并对改进前后两者健康教育满意率、治疗工作满意率、遵医治疗率、高压氧治疗并发症发生率进行比较。结果:流程改进前后,两者健康教育满意率、治疗工作满意率、遵医治疗率、高压氧治疗并发症发生率比较均有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:流程改进能增加病人满意度,提升高压氧病人治疗依从性,降低治疗并发症,提高医疗服务质量。     

Analysis of risk factors associated with complications of hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Purpose

The aim of this study was to verify independent risk factors of pressure equalization problems associated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) therapy.

Methods

We reviewed a single-institutional study of 1609 patients with 17 604 treatments who had HBO₂ therapy in a multiplace chamber, in which the factors examined and their relationship to complications were assessed, using multivariate analyses, to determine the significantly independent risk factors of complications related to HBO₂ therapy.

Results

The compression rate was 0.067 atmospheres absolute/min (6.8 kPa/min). Pressure equalization problems of the middle ear, expressed as pain or discomfort, such as cranial sinus pain, and teeth pain were observed in 156 patients (9.7%). Sixty-six of them could not continue HBO₂ therapy because of these problems. Peripheral circulatory disorders with refractory ulcers or nonhealing wounds and the interval between clinical symptoms and the first day of HBO₂ therapy were independent risk factors of pressure equalization problems. Independent risk factors of cessation due to pressure equalization problems were identified as age more than 61 years, female sex, and interval between symptoms and the first day of HBO₂ therapy.

Conclusion

It is suggested that chamber compression must be performed with particular care when patients have peripheral circulatory disorders and have short interval between clinical symptoms and the first day of HBO₂ therapy.     

Evaluation of whole antioxidant defenses of human mononuclear cells by a new in vitro biological test: Lack of correlation between erythrocyte and mononuclear cell resistance to oxidative stress

Objectives:

This work aims to evaluate the resistance of mononuclear cells to oxidative stress using a “KRL” test, formerly utilized to evaluate the resistance of erythrocyte to free radicals.

Methods:

The “KRL” test evaluates the resistance to lysis of cells treated by free radicals generated under standardized conditions.

Results:

We defined new analytical parameters (level of radical production, time course, number of cells) to obtain an accurate assay determining the resistance to oxidative stress of mononuclear cells, in comparison to that of erythrocytes. This test allows the evaluation of change in the redox state of mononuclear cells (improved by an antioxidant mix or deteriorated by antimycin A-induced mitochondrial radical overproduction). Interestingly, our data show that the sensitivity of mononuclear cells to oxidative stress is not correlated with the susceptibility of erythrocytes to oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

The quantification of the susceptibility of mononuclear cells to oxidative stress gives additional information (in addition to erythrocyte resistance) and could be helpful for patients with chronic inflammation.     

Serum oxidizability, total antioxidant status and albumin serum levels in patients with aneurysmal or arterial occlusive disease

Objectives:

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to estimate the extent of oxidative stress in patients with aneurysmal and arterial occlusive disease (AAOD) by analyzing the magnitude of serum oxidizability, total antioxidant status and serum antioxidants and to evaluate their potential clinical significance.

Design and methods:

The study was conducted on 47 patients with AAOD and 49 healthy individuals. Oxidative stress was assessed by: a) copper-induced lipid oxidation described in terms of “lag-time” (t_LAG) and “maximal rate of accumulation of absorbing products” (RA) and b) the measurement of serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and hydrophilic serum antioxidants (albumin, uric acid, transferrin, bilirubin). LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were also estimated.

Results:

A decrease of t_LAG and albumin levels in patients as compared to controls was observed. t_LAG was negatively correlated with RA in both patients and controls. RA and LDL-cholesterol did not differ between the two groups. HDL-cholesterol was decreased in patients in comparison to controls. There is statistically significant evidence that low albumin serum levels are associated with increased risk of AAOD.

Conclusions:

The results support the involvement of oxidative stress in AAOD. Significant alterations in serum oxidizability were found in patients with AAOD and low albumin serum levels were correlated with the disease. Clinical evaluation of both findings needs further investigation.     

Measurement of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients

ObjectivesTo evaluate the oxidative status and antioxidant defense in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Design and methodsWe measured concentrations of plasmatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), serum protein carbonylation, whole blood catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as the plasmatic and erythrocyte thiol levels and serum vitamin E concentration. This study was performed on 80 children with ALL divided into 4 groups: just diagnosed, remission induction, remission maintenance and out-of-treatment.ResultsTBARS levels and serum protein carbonylation were higher in ALL patients than in controls and reduced levels of antioxidants were found in these patients.ConclusionThese findings may indicate a possible link between decreased antioxidants and increased levels of cells alterations due to oxidative damage, supporting the idea that there is a persistence of oxidative stress in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.     

突发性耳聋患者高压氧治疗前状态-特质焦虑和行为生活方式的调查

目的 了解突发性耳聋患者高压氧治疗(HBOT)前状态-特质焦虑和行为生活方式的状况,分析影响患者突发性耳聋的原因和不利于治疗的行为生活方式.方法 应用状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)和自行设计的问卷,调查分析了60例突发性耳聋患者高压氧治疗前状态-特质焦虑情况和行为生活方式.结果 突发性耳聋患者HBOT前状态焦虑问卷(S-AI)分值为(47.55±8.32)分,明显高于健康人群分值(39.31±8.66)分.有相当一部分患者存在不利于突发性耳聋治疗的行为生活方式:膳食结构不合理、精神压力过大、心理状态失衡、作息没有规律、行为生活方式不健康、不当的就医行为等.结论 护士应有针对性地对突发性耳聋患者进行相关知识的健康教育,不断提高患者的就医行为,树立健康的行为生活方式.     

Malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes in children with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy

OBJECTIVE: Free radical induced tissue damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. We aimed to investigate the role of free radicals and scavenging enzymes in children with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 29 children with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy and 51 control subjects with similar age and sex. All the patients and/or their parents had complaints of snoring, mouth breathing, and pausing of breath during sleep for at least 6 months. All patients underwent an adenotonsillectomy operation under general anesthesia with curettage and cold dissection methods. Venous blood was taken preoperatively and 4 weeks postoperatively. After collection of blood samples into citrate (3.5 mg/ml blood) containing glass tubes, erythrocyte sediments were prepared for the analyses. Then malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. RESULTS: The levels of MDA and activities of SOD and GSHPx were significantly higher in the pre-tonsillectomy period than in the post-tonsillectomy period. However, CAT activity was not different in pre- and postoperative period. CONCLUSION: Our study supports the notion that oxidant and antioxidant defense mechanisms are altered in children with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and this alteration improves after tonsillectomy.