股骨远端复杂骨折内固定治疗方法的选择

目的评价3种内固定方法治疗股骨远端复杂骨折的临床疗效。方法手术治疗67例（68侧）股骨远端复杂骨折。AO分类：A3型30侧，c2型23侧，c3型15侧。髁动力加压钢板16例，股骨髁上逆行交锁髓内钉16例17侧，股骨髁解剖型支撑钢板33例，其他螺钉克氏针2例。术后2dCPM辅助功能锻炼。结果随访至骨折愈合，68侧骨折中，1例感染及1例骨折不愈合。按Kolment疗效评定标准：优24侧，良33侧，可9侧，差2侧。结论应根据股骨远端复杂骨折的特点选用合适的内固定方法，解剖复位，稳定的内固定，早期的康复训练，以获得良好的疗效。     

髁状突骨折内外固定疗效分析

目的　对比分析常规的颌间弹性牵引外固定与微型钛板坚强内固定在髁状突骨折中的临床疗效及可靠性。　方法　对 4 0例髁状突骨折患者分别采用颌间弹性牵引外固定 (2 1例 )和微型钛板坚强内固定 (19例 ) ,其中高位骨折 15例 ,低位骨折 2 5例。　结果　术后 2～ 4周复查 ,X线片示骨折均愈合良好 ,内固定组钛板无松脱。张口度≥ 30mm者 ,外固定 10例 ,内固定 14例。张口度 <30mm者 ,外固定 11例 ,内固定 5例。　结论　内外固定均能达到治愈髁状突骨折的目的 ,但外固定复位明显不及内固定准确 ,术后功能恢复较慢 ,且对错位明显的低位骨折复位效果更差。本组病例两种方法均未见对颞下颌关节造成不可逆的损害。     

胸腰段脊柱严重爆裂骨折前、后路器械不同固定方式疗效分析

目的 评价胸腰段脊柱严重爆裂骨折前、后路器械不同固定方式的临床疗效，为今后的治疗选择提供依据。方法 通过72例胸腰段脊柱严重爆裂骨折前路（前路组，34例）或后路（后路组，38例）器械不同固定方式的临床疗效及影像学观察，评判其脊柱矫形、椎管减压、坐立或行走时间、脊柱融合率及美国脊髓损伤协会（ASIA）神经功能分级等两组间差异。结果 随访时间后路组5个月－5年11个月，平均3年8个月；前路组2个月－4年5个月，平均2年4个月。前路组除出血较多外，其脊柱矫形、椎管减压、坐立或行走时间、脊柱融合率明显优于后路组，差异有显著性意义和非常显著性意义（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）。ASIA分级：后路组术前A级6例，B级7例，C级11例，D级14例；前路组术前A级8例，B级6例，C级5例，D组15例。两组术后ALIA分级：后路组A级3例，B级6例，C级8例，D级12例，E级9例；前路组A级2例，B级2例，C级3例，D级13例，E级14例。前路组ASIA分级平均增加1.8级，而后路组仅增加1.2级。结论 胸腰段脊柱严重爆裂骨折，以前路减压、Z-plate内固定及钛网技术为较佳治疗选择，值得进一步推广应用。     

Primary intra-osseous carcinoma of the maxilla

An unusual case of maxillary carcinoma, diagnosed as a primary intra-osseous carcinoma, is reported. This was differentiated from primary carcinoma of the maxillary sinus on the basis of the radiographic findings and the patient's dental history.     

Lumbar posterior marginal intra-osseous cartilaginous node

This report concerns 12 patients, eight young adults and four adolescents, presenting with lumbar or sciatic pain. This was associated with an unusual defect of the inferior and posterior edges of the vertebral bodies of L4 or L5, together with a small bony ridge protruding into the spinal canal. We found 11 similar cases in the literature all involving adolescents except for one young adult.It has been considered to be the result of a fracture of the posterior ring apophysis in association with a herniated disc. In our cases, in the absence of any known previous trauma, the radiological features and surgical results and the similarity and frequent association with typical lesions of Scheuermann disease, all suggest a posterior marginal cartilaginous node. The inferior lumbar location and frequent association with herniated disc and sciatic nerve root compression in young patients are discussed.     

复杂胫骨平台骨折三种内固定方法生物力学研究

目的 对复杂胫骨平台骨折三种内固定方法进行生物力学评价. 方法 采集18具成人防腐尸体胫骨平台标本,制成复杂胫骨平台骨折模型(Schatzker分型Ⅵ型).分别用高尔夫钢板(GP)、改良双钢板(外侧高尔夫钢板加内侧5孔1/3管型防滑钢板)(DP)、锁定加压钢板(LCP)固定,进行强度、刚度和稳定性的研究. 结果 DP组和LCP组生物力学强度、刚度和稳定性明显优于GP组(P<0.05),而DP组和LCP组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 LCP与DP是治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折较理想的内固定器.但LCP注重软组织和血供的保护,更符合生物学固定的要求,是目前最理想的内固定器.     

髋臼横断骨折不同内固定方法臼顶负重区的应力分布

目的　比较髋臼横断骨折不同内固定方法臼顶负重区的应力分布 ,以评价不同治疗方法的有效性。　方法　取成年男性防腐尸体骨盆 5个 (含双侧股骨中上段 )。标本分为如下各组 :完整骨盆 ;前柱单钢板内固定 (A) ;后柱单钢板内固定 (B) ;前柱单钢板加后柱单钢板内固定(C) ;前柱拉力螺钉加后柱单钢板内固定 (D)。用特制的夹具将骨盆和股骨固定于单足站立中立位 ,去除髋关节囊 ,将压敏片贴于股骨头上 ,分别测量各组标本髋臼臼顶负重区平均应力及峰值应力。　结果　完整骨盆组的臼顶负重区应力、峰值应力分别为 (1 .32± 0 .4 3)、(2 .1 7± 0 .2 0 )MPa ;A组分别为 (2 .73± 0 .6 8)、(3.2 3± 0 .4 0 )MPa;B组分别为 (2 .91± 0 .6 5 )、(3.32± 0 .4 4 )MPa ;C组分别为 (2 .0 4± 0 .32 )、(2 .72± 0 .35 )MPa;D组分别为 (2 .0 1± 0 .33)、(2 .6 9± 0 .33)MPa。完整骨盆组与A、B、C、D四组比较 ,差异均有显著性或非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1 ,0 .0 1 ,0 .0 5 ,0 .0 5 ) ,A组与B组、C组与D组差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,A、B两组与C、D两组间差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　对于髋臼横断骨折 ,即使给予解剖复位内固定 ,髋臼臼顶负重区的应力分布也不能恢复至正常。双柱内固定与单柱内固定相     

PET/CT and MRI of intra-osseous haemangioma of the tibia

Intra-osseous haemangioma is a rare, benign neoplasm that usually involves the vertebrae and craniofacial bones. Furthermore, its occurrence in the long bones is extremely rare. We report the findings of fluorine-18-fludeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and MRI in a patient with intra-osseous haemangioma in the proximal tibia, who was initially misdiagnosed as having a malignancy based on (18)F-FDG PET/CT. (18)F-FDG PET/CT showed a well-marginated osteolytic lesion with abnormal FDG uptake. The mass demonstrated low signal intensity on T(1) weighted MRI. On T(2) weighted images, the lesion appeared as a cluster of high signal intensity lobules and showed strong enhancement on contrast-enhanced T(1) weighted images. Surgical curettage was performed and histopathological examination of the excised tissue confirmed a cavernous haemangioma.     

下颌骨体部骨折的三维固定

下颌骨骨折固定方法有多种,如单颌固定、颌间固定、骨间固定等。目前临床广泛采用且效果可靠的方法是切开复位坚固的内固定技术[1]。以往介绍的方法主要是在下颌骨外侧面行两块微型钢板平行固定,固定的力量有时不足以对抗咀嚼的压力,造成骨折端下沉及旋转移位,影响骨折的固定、愈合及正常咬合的恢复。我们通过临床实践,发现通过固定下颌骨下缘,可较好地解决这个问题,实现下颌骨体部骨折的三维固定。现将我科收治110例下颌骨骨折的三维固定治疗体会报告如下:     

Biomechanical properties of femoral posterior cruciate ligament fixations

Purpose

The success of reconstructions of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) mainly depends on the fixation strength of the tendon–bone interface. Reliable data about the mechanical characteristics of PCL fixation techniques are sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical properties of different femoral PCL fixation techniques.

Methods

Fresh human cadaver quadriceps (Q) and hamstring (H) tendons were harvested and fixed into porcine femora with a press-fit fixation suturing the tendon over a bone bridge (group A), a novel implant post-fixation (group B) or an interference screw fixation (group C). Each group consisted of 10 specimens. The constructs were cyclically stretched and eventually loaded until failure. Elongation during cyclic loading, stiffness, failure mode and maximum failure load was evaluated.

Results

Elongation during cyclical loading was significantly larger between the 1st and the 20th cycle than between the 20th and the 500th cycle in all groups (p < 0.05). Maximum failure load was 409 ± 71 (336–517) N in group QA, 456 ± 58 (347–510) N in group QB, 548 ± 116 (400–798) N in group QC, 472 ± 114 N (316–676 N) in group HA, 494 ± 98 N (371–668 N) in group HB and 498 ± 87 N (391–687 N) in group HC (significantly higher for QB compared to QA, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This is the first study investigating the biomechanical properties of femoral PCL fixations. Implant-free fixation techniques like press-fit or post-fixations are able to withstand equal biomechanical forces compared to interference screw fixation. The novel fixations described in this study can be considered as a reliable alternative for the reconstruction of PCL using either hamstring or quadriceps tendons.