Cardiac tamponade secondary to rupture of a distal aortic arch aneurysm

We report the rare rupture of a distal aortic arch aneurysm protruding into the pericardial cavity. A 70-year-old woman who suddenly lost consciousness and was transferred to our hospital by ambulance in profound shock was found in emergency computed tomography and echocardiography to have a dilated distal aortic arch and massive pericardial effusion. Suspecting that a distal aortic arch aneurysm had ruptured, causing cardiac tamponade, we undertook an operation. We found a defect in the aneurysmal wall leading to the pericardium near the main pulmonary artery that was plugged temporarily with an atheromatous mass. We conducted total arch replacement successfully under selective cerebral perfusion and moderate hypothermia.     

Hypotension due to unexpected cardiac tamponade

We report a case of profound hypotension, after induction of general anaesthesia, that resulted from unexpected cardiac tamponade. The differential diagnosis was complicated by the absence of any evidence to indicate that there was significant direct chest injury. Many of the recognised clinical signs of cardiac tamponade were absent, in particular, there was no compensatory tachycardia, and heart rate remained stable despite severe hypotension before surgical drainage of the pericardium. The possible aetiology and pathophysiology is discussed. It is suggested that after major trauma, cardiac tamponade should be considered as a possibility even in the absence of significantly abnormal cardiovascular signs, evidence of direct chest injury, or an abnormal chest X ray.     

Pericardial tamponade type injury: A 17-year study in an urban trauma center in Japan

(Received for publication on Apr. 30, 1998; accepted on Mar. 11, 1999)     

Surgical management and treatment of a traumatic right atrial rupture

We have treated three patients with blunt traumatic right atrial rupture, all of whom survived after an emergent cardiac repair without cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiac tamponade was seen in two of the three cases on ultrasonographic cardiography (UCG). The site of rupture was the right atrial appendage in two cases and the superior vena cava-right atrial (SVC-RA) junction in one case. Hemostasis had been obtained at the time of pericardiotomy because of compression by hematoma. Some patients with a right atrial rupture respond to initial volume resuscitation. Suspecting some cardiac injuries in patients with traumatic pericardial effusion on UCG, a patient with a right atrial rupture can survive with a high probability, without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.     

Gas-containing brain abscess due to fusobacterium nucleatum

Gas-containing brain abscesses are rarely seen. Recently, in a 28-year-old man, such an abscess ruptured into the lateral ventricle but was treated successfully. Fusobacterium nucleatum, an anaerobic bacillus, was cultured from the pus obtained.     

Cardiac tamponade due to advanced gastric cancer: case report and review

Introduction and importancePericardial involvement due to gastric cancer is uncommon, especially when it is secondary to direct tumor infiltration. Its manifestation as cardiac tamponade is an exceptional situation that represents a challenge for the treating medical team.Case presentationa case of a patient with advanced gastric cancer with cardiopericardial infiltration, complicated with cardiac tamponade is reported. A narrative review of the diagnostic and therapeutic management was performed.Clinical discussionThere are no well-established diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms.ConclusionsIt is such an exceptional entity that most of the available bibliography is based on case reports or expert opinions. It is a situation with a very bad prognosis.     

Conservative treatment of a chronic amebic liver abscess complicated by rupture and an intraperitoneal abscess

The case reported is that of a chronic amebic liver abscess which was complicated by rupture and the formation of a localized intraperitoneal abscess with probable slight leakage into the general peritoneal cavity. Conservative treatment with emetine hydrochloride and multiple aspirations proved successful. The liver abscess manifested itself sixteen months after the initial attack of dysentery in India and approximately five months after the amebic colitis had apparently been cured.     

The role of percutaneous transhepatic abscess drainage for liver abscess

To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic abscess drainage (PTAD) as an initial choice of treatment for liver abscess, the medical records of 28 patients with liver abscess were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were predominantly men (23 of 28) with a mean age of 59 years (range, 19–86 years). Their chief complaints were fever (86%), right hypochondralgia (32%), and jaundice (11%). Fifteen of the 28 patients (54%) had hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinoma, and 31% had postoperative liver abscess. PTAD was performed in 23 patients and surgical drainage in 5. The overall success rate for PTAD was 83%. The success rate for PTAD for patients with multiple abscesses was 83% (5 of 6), compared with a success rate of 82% (14 of 17) for patients with solitary abscess. The prognostic factors for survival were cancer and sepsis and the mortality rate for patients with cancer was 40% (6 of 15) while the mortality rate for patients with sepsis was 56% (5 of 9). As a complication of drainage, 1 patient (4%) in the PTAD group had pleural abscess due to the transpleural puncture. Our findings support the use of PTAD as the primary treatment for liver abscess, as it is safe and effective irrespective of the number of abscesses and the patient's condition. Received for publication on Sept. 7, 1998; accepted on Jan. 22, 1998     

An unusual presentation of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum secondary to the rupture of a gas-containing pyogenic liver abscess: Report of a case

We describe a rare case of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum secondary to the rupture of a gas-containing pyogenic liver abscess in a 59-year-old man. The patient was diagnosed as having a hollow viscus perforation based on a sudden onset of acute abdominal pain along with radiological evidence of bilateral subphrenic feee air (pneumoperitoneum), and underwent an emergency laparotomy. Contrary to expectations, the surgery revealed no perforations of the hollow viscus, but instead a ruptured liver abscess at the dome of the right hepatic lobe was identified associated with suppurative peritonitis. To the best of our knowledge, such a case of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum secondary to the rupture of a gas-containing liver abscess is extremely rare.     

肝脓肿的诊断和治疗

目的探讨细菌性肝脓肿的诊断和治疗方法,总结治疗经验,提高治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2000年1月-2008年12月108例细菌性肝脓肿诊断和治疗方法的临床资料。男74例,女34例,年龄最小20岁,最大78岁。左肝脓肿21例,右肝脓肿75例,双侧肝脓肿12例。单个脓肿78例,多发脓肿30例。脓腔最大12cm,最小3cm。结果内科保守治疗15例,11例治愈,4例转外科手术治疗;CT指引下穿刺抽脓5例,B超引导下穿刺抽脓52例,穿刺次数1～4次,共治愈55例,2例转手术切开引流;外科切开引流治愈42例。结论多个散在性肝脓肿以内科治疗为主。单个肝脓肿直径大于6cm者,多需切开引流;小于6cm者可在CT或B超导引下穿刺抽脓治疗,尤其是在B超导引下穿刺抽脓治疗,操作简便,效果好,可作为肝脓肿直径在6cm以下者的首选治疗方法。     

改成熟型肝脓肿引流术为清除术的25例报告

目的:探讨以肝脓肿清除术取代传统肝脓肿引流术的可能性和方法。方法:对25例细菌性肝脓肿病人进行回顾性分析;22例采用冲洗、烧灼、加网膜填塞的方法(即“冲、烧、填”法),对另3例肝慢性坚壁脓肿(其中1例合并经久不愈的窦道)施行肝切除,从而达到完全清除脓肿组织的目的。结果:22例冲、烧、填法治疗的病人手术一次成功,不置引流物;术后7～9d出院,无一例切口感染;随访1～12年,无任何后遗症。3例肝切除者也获满意疗效。结论:肝脓肿清除术与传统引流术相比,具有治疗全过程时间短、费用低、疗效好及并发症少的优点,值得推广应用。     

Amebic peritonitis following rupture of an amebic liver abscess. Successful treatment of two patients.

We present two successfully treated cases of amebic peritonitis. Acute peritonitis secondary to intra-abdominal rupture of an amebic liver abscess is an infrequent but serious complication of invasive amebiasis. Its diagnosis should be considered in anyone with a suspected liver abscess, jaundice, or diarrhea in whom peritonitis develops. This diagnosis should be further suggested in the United States if the patient is a male and is of Mexican origin in areas where this racial group constitutes the majority of cases of amebic disease. Use of radioisotope liver scans and the demonstration of serum precipitins to Endamoeba histolytica may provide rapid evidence of invasive disease, although surgical intervention is often necessary to make a specific diagnosis. Emetine hydrochloride alone or followed by metronidazole combined with surgical drainage is the current treatment for amebic peritonitis.     

Pyogenic liver abscess secondary to Streptococcus anginosus in an adolescent

Pyogenic liver abscess in the pediatric population is a rare entity and can be difficult to manage. Surgical infections caused by Streptococcus anginosus are exceedingly rare. Here we present a case of pyogenic liver abscess caused by S anginosus in an adolescent presenting with fever, nausea, emesis, and right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort.     

Two cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess necessitating liver resection for effective treatment

We report two British cases of liver abscess, due to Klebsiella pneumoniae and associated with synchronous infection elsewhere, which required liver resection for definitive treatment. They illustrate the geographic spread of aggressive K pneumoniae liver infection and demonstrate the importance of early aggressive treatment.     

细菌性肝脓肿外科处理的临床分析

目的总结细菌性肝脓肿的诊治经验。方法对我院从1992年-2002年十年间所收治的105例细菌性肝脓肿病人进行回顾性分析。本组治疗方法包括：单纯抗生素治疗21例,外科手术引流30例,腹腔镜手术引流6例,经皮穿刺抽吸治疗42例,经皮穿刺置管引流治疗6例。结果本组治愈101例,死亡4例,死亡率3．8％。结论早期诊断和恰当的治疗是提高细菌性肝脓肿疗效的重要因素,超声引导下穿刺抽吸和／或置管引流已成为细菌性肝脓肿的治疗首选,适合于大部分病人。而外科手术引流仅适合于介入治疗失败或脓肿破裂病人。     

Audit of management of pyogenic liver abscess in a tertiary referral hospital

Aim: To review the management and clinical outcomes of patients with pyogenic liver abscess in Queen Elizabeth Hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective review of the management of patients with a diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess in Queen Elizabeth Hospital from 2000 to 2004. Results: From 2000 to 2004, 143 patients with a diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess were managed in Queen Elizabeth Hospital. Procedure‐related complications were 6/143 (4%). The success rate from percutaneous intervention was 122/143 (85%). The overall in‐hospital mortality was 18/143 (13%). Mean hospital stay was 30.1 days and the median was 23 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis on risk factors for in‐hospital mortality showed high white cell count, large size abscess and prolonged activated prothrombin time as independent risk factors. Conclusion: In the present series, high white cell count, large size abscess and prolonged activated prothrombin time predicted poor outcomes in patients with pyogenic liver abscess.     

TACE治疗原发性肝癌后并发肝脓肿的影响因素

目的 观察TACE治疗原发性肝癌后并发肝脓肿的影响因素。方法 采用倾向性评分匹配法回顾性收集99例接受TACE治疗的原发性肝癌患者,其中26例TACE后并发、73例未并发肝脓肿;根据治疗方式将其分为传统TACE(cTACE)组(n=48)和药物栓塞微球TACE(DTACE)组(n=51)。比较并发肝脓肿与未并发肝脓肿患者临床资料的差异,以logistic回归分析筛选TACE治疗原发性肝癌后并发肝脓肿的影响因素。结果 TACE治疗原发性肝癌后并发与未并发肝脓肿患者之间,肿瘤供血血管数目、碘油量及栓塞剂种类差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。cTACE组内并发与未并发肝脓肿患者血糖及栓塞剂种类差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);DTACE组内并发与未并发肝脓肿患者碘油量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TACE治疗原发性肝癌后并发肝脓肿的保护因素为患者年龄<55岁、无靶向药物联合免疫检查点抑制剂治疗史(靶免史)、仅栓塞1支肿瘤供血动脉、碘油量少及仅使用1种栓塞剂,TACE次数≥3则为危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论 患者年龄、靶免史、TACE次数、肿瘤供血血...