高度近视白内障超声乳化摘除及负低度数后房型人工晶状体植入术疗效观察

目的:研究超声乳化联合植入负低度数后房型人工晶状体治疗高度近视眼合并白内障的临床效果。方法:对试验组80例100眼高度近视并发白内障实行巩膜隧道切口超声乳化吸除,同时通过5.5mm切口植入PMMA硬性人工晶状体。其中男45例56眼,女35例44眼,年龄44～76(平均61)岁;眼轴长为27.00～35.42(平均30.55)mm。取同期来我院治疗的94例100眼正常眼轴老年性白内障患者作为对照组。观察术中、术后并发症及手术效果。术后随访3～12mo。结果:试验组术后3mo矫正视力≥0.5者为51眼(51.0%),0.1～者43眼(43.0%),<0.1者6眼(6.0%)。术中并发症:后囊膜破裂2眼;晶状体脱位2眼。术后并发症:角膜水肿9眼;视网膜脱离1眼;后发性白内障2眼。对照组术中并发症:晶状体脱位1眼。术后并发症:角膜水肿4眼;后发性白内障2眼。结论:巩膜隧道切口超声乳化联合硬质后房型人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视并发白内障,具有视力恢复快、屈光状态稳定等优点,是安全有效的方法。     

Rate of cataract formation in 343 highly myopic eyes after implantation of three types of phakic intraocular lenses

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of using phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL) to treat high myopia, and evaluate the incidence of cataract, comparing three different lens types. METHODS: From 1989 to 2002, we implanted three different phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL) in 343 eyes of 232 patients; 231 eyes recieved an Ophtec (Worst-Fechner model, iris-claw), 89 an Adatomed (silicone posterior chamber), and 23 a Staar (posterior chamber, models V2, V3, V4). Average follow-up was 96.2 months for the Ophtec group, 31.5 months for the Adatomed group, and 19.3 months for Staar group. Eyes that subsequently developed cataract were studied for clinical evolution and had PIOL explantation and cataract extraction. RESULTS: Nuclear cataract developed in 7 of 231 eyes (3.04 %) with an Ophtec lens. Anterior subcapsular cataract developed with the two types of posterior PIOLs (Adatomed group: 38/89 eyes, 42.69%; Staar group: 3/23 eyes, 13.04%). Anterior subcapsular cataract in the Adatomed group developed more rapidly compared to the Staar group. We explanted 7 lenses in the Ophtec group, 16 lenses in the Adatomed group, and 2 lenses in the Staar group (models V2 and V3 only). Patient age older than 40 years at implantation of PIOLs and axial length greater than 30 mm were factors significantly related to nuclear cataract formation and the Ophtec lens. However, these two factors had a weaker correlation with the posterior phakic lenses (Adatomed, Staar) for high myopia than with the Ophtec lens. Postoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity remained stable after explantation, phacoemulsification, and posterior chamber lens implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed cataract development and cataract type (nuclear) in patients with an Ophtec lens and the variables of patient age (>40 yr) and axial length (>30 mm) may considered prognostic factors. Other factors such as lens design, material, and placement probably influenced cataract formation in patients with the Adatomed and Staar PIOLs. The lens styles used in this study are no longer manufactured.     

高度近视眼负低度数人工晶状体植入的临床观察

目的:观察超声乳化摘除联合负、低度数人工晶状体植入治疗高度近视性白内障的效果。方法:对66例94眼高度近视眼白内障行超声乳化摘除植入负、低度数人工晶状体,随访3mo。结果:术中2眼发生后囊破裂,术后3眼晶状体后囊混浊,无视网膜脱离者。结论:超声乳化摘除高度近视眼白内障是一种较好的手术方式,尤其同时植入负、低度数后房型人工晶状体增加了眼内组织的稳定性,防止了视网膜脱落,同时矫正了屈光不正。     

Intraoperative autorefraction for combined phakic intraocular lens explantation and cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate intraoperative autorefraction during combined phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) explantation and cataract surgery. METHODS: Phakic intraocular lens explantation was followed by crystalline lens emulsification and reformation of the anterior chamber with balanced salt solution. Autorefraction was performed intraoperatively with the Nikon Retinomax 2, and the IOL power was calculated using a formula for myopic eyes: IOL for emmetropia = 1.3 x aphakic spherical equivalent refraction + 1.45. RESULTS: Nineteen myopic eyes of 15 patients with anterior or posterior chamber PIOL (including 6 eyes that had undergone photorefractive keratectomy) were treated. Two months postoperatively, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -0.56+/-0.40 diopters (D) (range: 0 to -1.50 D). CONCLUSIONS: In myopic eyes, intraoperative auto-refraction provided a simple and reliable method to calculate IOL power in combined PIOL explantation and cataract surgery.     

Long-term vision-threatening complications of phakic intraocular lens implantation for high myopia

AIM:To report the long-term vision-threatening complications in patients who underwent phakic intraocular lens (pIOLs) implantation for high myopia.METHODS:This study was designed from a consecutive series of phakic intraocular lens complication and corrective surgeries. Sixteen eyes of 13 patients had implantation of phakic intraocular lens for correction high myopia and developed serious complications have been included in this study. The mean age of patients was 38.6±6.35y (range 32-50y) and the mean time of history of pIOL implantation for high myopia was 6±2y (range 2-10y). Before corrective surgery, best spectacle-corrective visual acuity (BSCVA) ranged from perception to 20/200 in the eyes in which severe complications occurred.RESULTS:Corneal decompensation occurred in 12 eyes of 9 high myopic patients after anterior chamber pIOL implantation. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) occurred in 4 eyes of 4 high myopic patients following anterior chamber and posterior chamber pIOL implantation. Patients with corneal decompensation, had combined procedures consisting of pIOL removal and penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Removals of pIOL, phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil tamponade were performed in patients with RRD. After corrective surgeries, all patients but one (P+, patient 2, right eye) achieved moderate BSCVA ranged from 20/200 to 20/50 at the last visit.CONCLUSION:Phakic IOLs may be effective for the correction of high myopia. Although these IOLs may have severe complications and it affects safety and efficacy of this surgery. As seen here, corneal decompensation and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are possible postoperative vision-threatening complications of phakic IOLs. Patients must be carefully examined before and after surgery for possible endothelial cell loss and vitreoretinal problems.     

超声生物显微镜量化观察高度近视眼合并白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后前房角的改变

目的利用UBM(ultrasound bio microscopy)对高度近视眼及其对照组正视眼白内障患者在超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入的术前、术后进行房角形态量化观察并比较分析,旨在探讨高度近视眼合并白内障手术的安全性。方法选取高度近视眼组和正视眼组做为其对照组,每组白内障的患者各30例(30只眼),采用透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化折叠式人工晶状体植入术,于术前、术后1、3个月用UBM测量前房深度(anteri-orchamber distance,ACD)、房角开放度(openangle,AA)、房角开放距离(angle opening distance,AOD)、小梁睫状体距离(trabecular-ciliary processes distance,TCPD)和虹膜睫状体距离(iris-ciliary processes distance,ICPD),同时记录眼压的变化并进行分析。结果对照组术前与术后1、3个月相比,ACD、AA、AOD500、TCPD、ICPD有显著性差异,术后1个月和术后3个月相比无显著性差异。术后眼压与术前相比有显著性差异。高度近视眼组术前与术后1、3个月相比各项测量指标有显著性差异,术后1个月和术后3个月相比无显著性差异。术后眼压与术前相比有显著性差异。高度近视眼与正视眼相比较,术前及术后除外ICPD,其它各项指标均存在显著性差异。结论高度近视眼合并白内障选择透明角膜切口超声乳化吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术术后与术前相比前房明显加深,房角明显加宽,眼压也有一定程度的下降;与正视眼相比术前和术后的前房深度、房角宽度均大于后者,进一步证实了高度近视眼独特的前节结构,提示透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术安全有效。     

高度近视白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术27例

目的:探讨高度近视眼合并白内障行超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术治疗的临床疗效。方法:27例(37眼)因白内障合并高度近视行超声乳化白内障吸除+人工晶状体植入术。记录术前眼轴长度和术后视力,屈光度数,观察手术并发症术后眼部情况。术后随访时间为6～24mo。结果:术前平均眼轴长度为28.3mm。术后最佳矫正视力≥0.2共35眼(95%),≥0.5者共33眼(89%)。术中无后囊膜破裂;术后角膜水肿2眼,术后一过性高眼压1眼,后发性白内障2眼;术后发现黄斑变性和眼底出血共4例,无视网膜和脉络膜脱离者。结论:超声乳化白内障吸除低度数折叠式人工晶状体植入术是治疗白内障合并高度近视眼安全、有效的方法。     

有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视的疗效

目的:分析有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术(ICL)对172治疗高度近视的临床疗效。方法:分析2007-09/2011-03行有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术患者35例70眼。术前常规检查视力、最佳矫正视力,进行各项重要检查后行有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果:术后视力0.5～1.0。术后并发症出现白内障1例,一过性眼压升高1例,分别占患者总数的2.9%。白内障行超声乳化手术后视力恢复到1.0,青光眼经治疗后得到控制,视力达到0.8。结论:有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视,特别是超高度近视(>-12.00D)效果确切。     

高度近视孔源性视网膜脱离行玻璃体切割联合晶状体手术后屈光状态的变化

目的　观察高度近视孔源性视网膜脱离（rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD）患者行玻璃体切割联合晶状体手术后屈光状态的变化。方法　回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年3月于青岛大学附属医院确诊为RRD的患者30例30眼的临床病例资料。高度近视组15例15眼,非高度近视组15例15眼。两组患者均先行玻璃体切割联合白内障超声乳化吸出术并填充硅油,3个月后均行硅油取出联合人工晶状体（intraocular lens,IOL）植入术。IOL植入术后随访6个月。两组玻璃体切割术前均测量眼轴长度、角膜曲率,根据这两项指标计算IOL植入后的预测屈光度。硅油取出结合IOL植入术后1个月、3个月、6个月复测眼轴长度、角膜曲率、验光计算实际屈光度数（实际屈光度）。两组手术前后均测量最佳矫正视力并计算LogMAR视力。观察两组手术前后LogMAR视力、屈光度、眼轴长度、角膜曲率的变化,分析高度近视组术后屈光预测误差与术前眼轴长度之间的关系。结果　术后两组视力均较术前提高,差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）。高度近视组术后1个月、3个月、6个月屈光较术前均向近视方向漂移,随时间变化近视漂移逐渐增大,术后各时间点相比差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）;非高度近视组术后各时间点屈光较术前及术后各时间点屈光相比差异均无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）。高度近视组术后1个月、3个月、6个月眼轴长度、角膜曲率较术前均明显提高（均为P＜0.05）;非高度近视组术后1个月、3个月、6个月眼轴长度、角膜曲率较术前均无明显变化,差异均无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）。高度近视组术后6个月屈光预测误差与术前眼轴长度之间呈负相关（R²=0.580,P=0.001）。结论　RRD患者行玻璃切割联合晶状体术后最佳矫正视力提高,高度近视患者术后屈光向近视方向漂移,且随着术后时间的延长屈光向近视方向漂移更明显;高度近视患者术后眼轴增长,角膜曲率增大,高度近视患者术前眼轴越长,术后屈光越向近视方向漂移。     

高度近视眼白内障摘除时人工晶体选择的探讨

目的评价高度近视白内障摘除和后房型人工晶体植入时人工晶体屈光度和光学直径的选择方法。方法对眼轴＞２６ｍｍ的６０例（９４只眼）行白内障现代囊外或超声乳化摘除术,同时植入使术眼呈低度近视状态和不同光学直径的后房型人工晶体。结果患眼术后屈光状态符合低度近视,平均屈光度为－２．０７±１．９５Ｄ。较大光学直径的人工晶体,术后容易观察眼底。Ⅲ级核以下的白内障慎重行超声乳化摘除者,无并发症发生。结论轴性高度近视白内障摘除行人工晶体植入,应选择术后呈低度近视状态的人工晶体。较大光学直径有利于眼底观察。慎用超声乳化有利于减少术后散光。     

第三代人工晶状体公式计算非正常眼轴眼人工晶状体度数的准确性

目的分析第三代人工晶状体（intraocular lens，IOL）计算公式预测非正常眼轴眼IOL度数的准确性。方法对130例（172眼）高度近视白内障患者应用SRK-T公式，28例（36眼）短眼轴白内障患者应用Hoffer-Q公式计算IOL度数，术后3～36个月随访屈光状态。结果高度近视白内障患者随其眼轴长度的增加，术后绝对屈光误差值也逐渐增大（-0．21～1.49D），两者具有相关性（r=0．39，P〈0．05）；短眼轴白内障患者术后实际屈光力与预计值相差很小。两者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论第三代IOL计算公式能较准确地测定非正常眼轴眼的IOL度数。可使非正常眼轴白内障患者取得与预期屈光度更接近的屈光效果。     

高度近視眼合并白内障超聲乳化摘除術

目的觀察高度近視合并白内障超聲乳化摘除及人工晶狀體植入術的療效.方法對72例(79眼)高度近視白内障患者術前檢查眼軸長,計算人工晶狀體屈光度,經鞏膜隧道切口行超聲乳化摘除及人工晶狀體植入術,對術后視力及并發症進行觀察.結果 79眼術后視力不同程度提高,術后1月視力≥0.5者48眼,＜0.3者13眼,高度近視合并眼底病變是白内障術后視力不佳的原因.結論白内障超聲乳化摘除聯合人工晶狀體植入術是高度近視合并白内障較理想的手術方式,及早抓住手術時機,可以减少手術并發症的發生,獲得良好的手術效果.     

Secondary artisan phakic intraocular lens for correction of progressive high myopia in a pseudophakic child.

An 8-week-old infant underwent unilateral cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation for total cataract in the left eye. After surgery, a residual progressive myopic error was observed, ranging from -4.5 diopters (D) 6 months after the operation to -14.0 D at the age of 3 years. Because of parental noncompliance for contact lens and spectacles use, secondary implantation of Artisan phakic IOL of -14.0 D power was performed. No intra- or postoperative complications were observed. Nine months after this second operation, myopia diminished to -3.25 D.     

Anterior chamber depth and change in axial intraocular lens position after cataract surgery with primary posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic buttonholing

PURPOSE: To compare axial position changes of the intraocular lens (IOL) by measuring anterior chamber depth (ACD) after small-incision cataract surgery with primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PPCCC) and posterior optic buttonholing (POBH) of the IOL and after conventional cataract surgery with phacoemulsification and in-the-bag IOL implantation. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. METHODS: This prospective comparative study comprised 23 patients (46 eyes) with age-related cataract who had bilateral cataract surgery and implantation of an acrylic IOL (YA-60BB, Hoya). In randomized order, cataract surgery with PPCCC and POBH of the IOL was performed in 1 eye of each patient. In the fellow eyes, conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery with in-the-bag IOL implantation was performed. The ACD was measured 1 to 2, 6, and 24 hours as well as 7 and 30 days postoperatively using high-resolution partial coherence laser interferometry. A baseline measurement was taken preoperatively in all patients. RESULTS: Ten patients completed 10 to 12 months of follow-up. Postoperatively, the axial IOL position was stable in eyes with PPCCC-POBH (P>.05). In contrast, a significant axial shift of the IOL in the anterior direction was observed in control eyes with in-the-bag IOL implantation (P<.001). The resulting refractive shift was significantly higher in control eyes than in eyes with PPCCC-POBH (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Combined PPCCC and POBH for cataract surgery significantly reduced postoperative anterior movement of the IOL.     

Clear lens extraction for the correction of high myopia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the postoperative outcomes and intraoperative and postoperative complications of clear lens extraction (CLE) with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in highly myopic eyes. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred seven patients (190 eyes) who had undergone CLE with posterior chamber IOL implantation and who had been observed for at least 3 years after surgery. METHODS: Medical records of patients who had undergone CLE with posterior chamber IOL implantation to treat high myopia (axial length >26.00 mm) over 7 years (January 1990 to December 1996) were reviewed. Visual acuity and refractive error were assessed before and after surgery, and perioperative, intraoperative, and postoperative complications were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Axial length, preoperative and final best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent (SE), argon laser treatments, surgical complications, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy, retinal detachment (RD), time from surgery or Nd:YAG capsulotomy to RD, subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and follow-up period. RESULTS: The mean postoperative follow-up period was 4.78 years (range, 3.10-8.03 years). Final BSCVA was better than preoperative BSCVA in 159 eyes (83.68%), equal in 24 eyes (12.63%), and worse in 7 eyes (3.68%). Postoperative BSCVA was 20/40 or better in 136 eyes (71.60%) vs. 52 eyes (27.36%) before surgery (P<0.001). The mean final postoperative SE was -1.22 diopters. The risk of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was 77.89%. The incidence of RD was 2.10%; retinal reattachment was achieved in all cases, and none of these eyes had worse final BSCVA than before surgery. Subfoveal CNV developed in 4 eyes (2.10%) of 3 patients; all of these eyes presented with a macular lacquer crack. CONCLUSIONS: Clear lens extraction with posterior chamber IOL implantation has good outcomes with acceptable predictability and improvement in best-corrected visual acuity. During follow-up, patients tended to remain stable, and the risk of retinal detachment was low. We attribute our favorable results to careful patient selection and follow-up.     

Case series of 12 children with progressive axial myopia following unilateral cataract extraction.

PURPOSE: We report the occurrence of unilateral progressive axial myopia ipsilaterally in a retrospective analysis of 12 children following uniocular cataract surgery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the case records of children who had developed progressive ipsilateral axial myopia following unilateral cataract surgery was done. Follow-up ranged from 4 years to 14 years. RESULTS: Twelve children, 7 male and 5 female, were eligible for the study. Mean age at the time of cataract surgery was 6.7 +/- 2.5 years (range, 4-11 years) and follow-up period was 7.8 +/- 3.1 years (range, 4-14 years). Ten children (83.3%) had traumatic cataracts of which 8 had undergone repair of penetrating eye injuries and 2 had suffered blunt trauma. Two patients (16.7%)had been operated for unilateral developmental cataracts. Three children had aphakia and nine had pseudophakia. Degree of myopic shift ranged from -4.75 D to -15 D (mean, -7.35 +/- 3.51 D). Axial length difference between the 2 eyes ranged from 1 mm to 3.5 mm (mean, 2.2 +/- 0.9 mm). Mean increase of axial length from preoperative recording to final follow-up was 2.53 +/- 0.90 mm (range, 1.6-4 mm). Three children had to undergo IOL explantation and 1 had posterior chamber intraocular lens exchange due to high unilateral myopia. The rest were visually rehabilitated with either spectacles or contact lenses. CONCLUSION: Following cataract surgery pediatric eyes may suffer from progressive axial myopia. Trauma or multiple ocular surgeries may be predisposing factors.     

高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入36例

目的观察高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入的疗效。方法对36例(56眼)高度近视白内障行超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术。平均眼轴28.06mm,平均曲率44.02D,平均IOL测算值 13.0D,实际植入IOL平均值 14.0D,术后屈光状态平均为-2.25D。术后随访3～18(平均12)月。结果术后矫正视力<0.05者2眼(4％);0.05-0.25者4眼(7％);0.3—0.5者16眼(28％);0.5-1.0者34眼(61％)。结论术前反复测量眼轴长度、精确计算IOL度数是提高高度近视眼并发白内障患者术后视力的重要因素。高度近视所致眼底病变是影响术后视力的主要原因,后囊破裂是造成术后视网膜脱离的最危险因素。     

The results of clear lens extraction for anisometropia treatment in patients with high myopia and unilateral cataract

PURPOSE: To evaluate results of clear lens extraction for treatment of anisometropia in patients with bilateral high myopia and unilateral cataract. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 23 patients with bilateral high myopia who underwent clear lens extraction with PC IOL implantation to treat high anisometropia after cataract surgery in the other eye were observed in our study. Preoperative refractive error was from -8.0 D to -19.0 D (spherical equivalent). RESULTS: Anisometropia after operations in both eyes was from 0.0 D to 3.5 D. No serious complications after operations such as retinal detachment were observed. CONCLUSION: Clear lens extraction with PC IOL implantation in highly myopic eyes can be used for correction of high anisometropia after cataract surgery in the other eye.     

高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术

目的:探讨高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术后的疗效、并发症和处理方法。方法:我科2006-11/2009-12对48例53眼高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化术,对治疗结果及并发症进行分析。结果:术后随访3～6mo,术后3mo,眼轴<30mm者45眼,视力≥0.5者31眼(58%),眼轴≥30mm者8眼,视力≥0.5者2眼(4%)。术中主要并发症:后囊破裂6眼(11%)。术后主要并发症:角膜水肿16眼(30%),切口漏2眼(4%),迟发性葡萄膜炎4眼(8%)。结论:高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的方法,无严重并发症。     

高度近视眼白内障超声乳化术临床分析

目的:浅析高度近视眼白内障超声乳化吸出术及后房型人工晶状体植入术后的疗效和并发症。方法:对83例96眼高度近视眼白内障行角膜缘隧道切口白内障超声乳化吸出术及后房型人工晶状体植入术。眼轴长度为26.32～32.46(平均28.58)mm,其中<28mm的31眼,28～30mm的42眼,>30mm的23眼。植入PMMA后房型人工晶状体,观察术后视力及术中术后并发症。结果:眼轴长度<28mm的31眼中≥0.5者30眼(97%);眼轴长度28～30mm的42眼中≥0.5者36眼(86%);>30mm的23眼中≥0.5者13眼(57%)。后囊膜破裂2眼,其中1眼后囊膜破孔较大,行前部玻璃体切除后,睫状沟植入人工晶状体,但术后2mo发生视网膜脱离。其它并发症为角膜水肿、黄斑囊样水肿以及后囊膜混浊等。结论:高度近视眼白内障超声乳化吸出及后房型人工晶状体植入术能明显提高患者视力,但眼轴长度>30mm者术后视力恢复欠佳。