花生糊对大鼠应激性胃溃疡的保护作用

目的探讨花生糊在大鼠应激性溃疡中的作用。方法用束缚水浸应激法复制大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型,肉眼计算胃黏膜溃疡指数及测定胃液pH值,观察大鼠胃黏膜组织病理形态学变化。结果与生理盐水组比较,花生糊能显著减轻胃黏膜的病理变化,降低溃疡指数（36．2vs60．2;P〈0．01）,升高胃液pH值（1．67vs2．45;P〈0．01）。结论花生糊对大鼠应激性溃疡胃黏膜有明显的保护作用。     

噪声应激大鼠胃壁细胞形态和泌酸功能的变化

目的:建立白噪声致大鼠应激性溃疡模型(noise stress, NS),并研究噪声应激大鼠胃壁细胞形态和泌酸功能的变化.方法:采用白噪声应激建立NS大鼠模型.大鼠随机分为对照组、NS 4 h组及NS 8 h组,测定胃液pH值、胃黏膜溃疡指数(ulcer index ,UI) ,用免疫荧光技术标记H ,K -ATP酶,在激光共聚焦扫描显微镜下观察壁细胞形态并在荧光显微镜下分类、计数.结果:(1)NS 4 h组胃液pH值为2.22±0.05,显著低于对照组的2.59±0.21 (P＜0.05),NS 8 h组胃液pH值为1.31±0.06,与对照组和NS 4 h组相比均有显著差异(P＜0. 01).(2)NS 4 h组UI为10.5±1.29,显著高于对照组(P＜0. 01),NS 8 h组UI达34.36±2.22,显著高于对照组(P＜0. 01)及NS 4 h组(P＜0.05).(3)NS 4 h组分泌相壁细胞数(55.5±3.42)/100,NS 8 h组为(62.0±3.46)/100 ,均显著高于对照组的(42.5±3.70)/100(P＜0. 01),其中NS 8 h组也显著高于NS 4 h组(P＜0.05).(4)胃液pH值与胃UI呈负相关(r=-0.85,P＜0.05),与分泌相壁细胞数呈负相关(r=-0.89,P＜0.05).结论:白噪声应激可以成功的建立大鼠应激性溃疡模型;噪声应激大鼠胃酸分泌增加,胃酸在溃疡形成过程中起不可忽视的作用.     

电针对应激大鼠血浆EGF和CGRP及胃粘膜损伤的影响

目的　观察电针对应激大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及对血浆表皮生长因子 (EGF)和降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)水平的影响 .方法　将 72只大鼠平均分为空白对照组、应激组和电针组 ,每组再按实验时间 1,3和 5 d平均分为 3小组 (n= 8) ,利用放免分析法测定各组大鼠血浆 EGF,CGRP含量并计算各组溃疡计数 (UI)水平的变化 ,以分析其相互关系 .结果　应激组较空白对照组大鼠血浆 EGF明显下降 (0 .44±0 .16 ) μg· L- 1 → (0 .2 3± 0 .0 1) μg· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ;UI明显上升 (1.1± 0 .4)→ (2 8.0± 4.1) ,P<0 .0 1.电针组较应激组比较血浆 EGF水平明显上升 (0 .2 3± 0 .0 1)μg· L- 1 → (0 .42± 0 .0 9) μg· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ;血浆 CGRP水平明显上升 (145± 6 ) ng· L- 1 → (184± 2 2 ) ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ;UI明显下降(2 8.0± 4.1)→ (19.0± 2 .3) ,P<0 .0 1.电针组中血浆 CGRP实验 5 d组较实验 1d组明显上升 (184± 2 2 ) ng· L- 1→ (2 32± 35 ) ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 1.结论　电针对胃粘膜的损伤有保护作用 ,血浆 EGF,CGRP参与了电针对胃粘膜的保护作用机制 .电针调节 CGRP与针刺时间有关     

复方丹参注射液对大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤的影响

目的探讨复方丹参注射液对大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤的影响及其机制。方法采用水浸-束缚法建立大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型。45只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,即正常对照组、应激模型组和丹参治疗组。检测3组大鼠胃黏膜溃疡指数(UI)、胃液总酸度、胃蛋白酶活性和壁细胞H ,K -ATP酶活性。结果应激模型组大鼠UI值和胃液总酸度增大,同时胃液胃蛋白酶活性和壁细胞H ,K -ATP酶活性升高;而应激前预先应用复方丹参注射液则减轻了大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤,UI值和胃液总酸度减小,胃液胃蛋白酶活性和壁细胞H ,K -ATP酶活性降低。结论复方丹参注射液具有抗大鼠水浸-束缚冷应激性胃黏膜损伤的作用,其机制与抑制胃酸及胃蛋白酶分泌有关。     

高原低氧致应激性溃疡大鼠模型的建立

目的 建立大鼠高原低氧致应激性溃疡实验动物模型.方法 将大鼠分为6组:常氧组、高原低氧2d组、高原低氧4d组、高原低氧6d组、高原低氧8d组和高原低氧10 d组.除常氧组外,其余各组大鼠分别在低压氧舱内(模拟海拔5 000m)饲养2、4、6、8d和10 d.观察各组大鼠胃黏膜溃疡指数、胃液量、胃蛋白酶活性和胃液pH值的变化.结果 大鼠在低压氧舱内模拟海拔5 000 m高原低氧2、4、6、8、10 d后,均可见胃黏膜多个不同程度的点状和线状出血、糜烂及溃疡形成;溃疡指数明显增加;胃液量和pH值均明显下降,胃蛋白酶活性明显升高.各指标变化均在高原低氧第6天时最明显.结论 大鼠在模拟海拔5 000 m的低压氧舱内饲养2～10 d,均可建立高原低氧致应激性溃疡动物模型,且最佳时间是6d.     

巯基物质对大鼠颅脑外伤后的胃细胞保护作用

目的 探讨急性脑外伤应激性溃疡胃黏膜中巯基物质、丙二醛的改变情况及外源性巯基物质的保护作用.方法 采用改良Allen方法制造大鼠颅脑损伤并发应激性溃疡模型,将73只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为7组:Ⅰ为正常对照组;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(应激组)为颅脑损伤应激后3、6、24h组;Ⅴ、Ⅵ组(预防 应激组)分别为应激前腹腔预防注射生理盐水、硫普罗宁组;Ⅶ组为无颅脑损伤应激,单纯用硫普罗宁预防组.各预防组在损伤前15min腹腔内分别注射各种治疗药品.测定各组胃黏膜组织中的总蛋白巯基 (T-SH ) 、非蛋白巯基 (NP-SH)含量;检测各组胃黏膜组织中丙二醛( MDA)含量;计算各组大鼠胃黏膜的溃疡指数 ( UI ).结果 颅脑损伤后各应激组大鼠胃黏膜组织中T-SH 及 NP-SH 含量较对照组明显下降( P<0.01 ),并且在应激后3h即显著降低,此后继续减少但坡度变化较平坦,MDA含量及UI较对照组显著增高;应激 外源性巯基预防组胃黏膜组织中T-SH和NP-SH含量较少受到抑制,均明显高于各应激组胃黏膜组织中T-SH和NP-SH含量(P<0.01),并且MDA含量和UI也较各应激组显著降低(P<0.01).结论 大鼠急性颅脑损伤应激后胃黏膜巯基含量明显下降,丙二醛含量明显升高,可能与氧自由基生成增多有关,从而产生黏膜损伤,出现应激性溃疡.外源性巯基物质通过对内源性巯基物质的补充,间接或直接增强清除氧自由基的能力,对胃黏膜具有细胞保护作用.     

应激性溃疡大鼠血浆EGF水平和胃上皮细胞凋亡的变化

目的　探讨应激性溃疡大鼠胃黏膜上皮细胞凋亡以及血浆表皮生长因子 (epidermalgrowthfactor,EGF)的变化。方法　制作大鼠水浸束缚应激 (water immersionandrestraintstress,WRS)模型。采用原位末端标记(TUNEL)法、电镜和荧光染色共聚焦显微镜方法分别检测胃黏膜上皮细胞的凋亡 ;放免法检测不同时段WRS大鼠血浆EGF的含量。结果　实验组与对照组相比 :血浆EGF含量明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,胃黏膜上皮细胞凋亡明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,溃疡指数 (UI)明显增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,且与应激时间呈正相关 (r =0 .975 0 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　应激促使大鼠胃上皮细胞凋亡 ,凋亡参与了胃黏膜的损害过程 ;应激引起血浆EGF含量的下降 ;胃黏膜的损害可能与失去内源性EGF对胃黏膜的保护作用有关。     

电针在应激大鼠胃粘膜保护作用中对氧自由基和前列腺素的影响

目的　观察电针对应激大鼠血浆超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA)和前列腺素 E2 (PGE2 )的影响 ,以探讨电针对胃粘膜保护作用的机制 .方法　将 72只大鼠平均分为空白对照组 ,应激组和电针组 ,每组再按实验时间 1,3和 5d平均分为 3小组 (每小组 8只 ) .利用生化法和放免分析法测定各组大鼠血浆 SOD,MDA和 PGE2 含量并计算各组溃疡指数 (UI) .结果　应激组较空白对照组大鼠血浆 SOD明显下降 (17.0± 2 .9)μmol· L- 1 → (11.9± 3.4)μmol· L- 1 ,MDA明显上升 (4 .85± 2 .38) μmol· L- 1→ (7.5 6± 2 .48)μmol· L- 1 ,PGE2 明显下降 (2 .74± 0 .77) ng· L- 1 → (1.5 4± 0 .2 5 ) ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 .UI明显上升 (1.1± 0 .4)→ (2 8.0± 4.1) ,P<0 .0 1.电针组较应激组血浆 SOD明显上升 (11.9± 3.4) μmol· L- 1→ (17.7± 4.8) μm ol· L- 1 ,MDA明显下降 (7.5 6± 2 .48) μmol· L- 1→ (4 .14± 1.78) μm ol· L- 1 ;PGE2 明显上升 (1.5 4± 0 .2 5 ) ng· L- 1 → (3.2 1± 0 .38) ng·L- 1 ;UI明显下降 (2 8.0± 4.1)→ (19.0± 2 .3) ,P<0 .0 1.电针组 PGE2 实验 5 d组较实验 1d组明显上升 (3.2 1± 0 .38) ng· L- 1 → (4 .5 2± 1.0 6 ) ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 .结论　电针对     

山茱萸对糖尿病大鼠血清中过氧化脂质和过氧化物歧化酶的影响

目的：观察降糖中药山茱萸对四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠的高过氧化脂质和低过氧化物歧化酶的影响。方法：比较正常组与糖尿病模型组、糖尿病对照组、优降糖治疗组和山茱萸治疗组大鼠血清中过氧化脂质的终末代谢产物丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量。结果：糖尿病模型组血清中MDA显著高于正常组（P＜0．01），而SOD显著低于正常组（P＜0．01）；山茱萸组和优降糖组血清MDA皆分别显著低于糖尿病对照组（P＜0．01），而SOD活性分别高于糖尿病对照组（P＜0．01）；且山茱萸的作用效力与优降糖组无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：在实验剂量下，山茱萸除降血糖作用显著弱于优降糖外，其降低糖尿病大鼠的高过氧化脂质和提高糖尿病大鼠的低过氧化物歧化酶效力与优降糖无显著差别。     

中药(心身1号)对应激性溃疡模型大鼠保护机制的实验研究

[目的]研究中药心身1号对应激性溃疡病证结合大鼠的干预效应并探讨其作用机制。[方法]采用Wistar大鼠造模,分为模型组、对照组、中药组3组。测量造模前后胃液pH值、胃黏膜溃疡指数、脑肠肽P物质。[结果]pH值测定模型组升高,中药组与模型组比较差别不显著;溃疡指数中药组较模型组明显为低;血浆、脑组织、胃组织中P物质含量中药组较模型组明显为低。[结论]心身1号的作用机制可能与调节血浆、脑组织及胃黏膜中P物质的过度升高因素有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.