环孢素A对脐带血干细胞和T淋巴细胞的影响

目的:探讨环孢素A(CsA)对脐带血干细胞及T淋巴细胞的影响.方法:采集10例产妇的脐带血,每例脐带血分为5份,每份2 mL,设对照组(无CsA)、CsA 5μmol/L组、CsA 10 μmol/L组、CsA 20 μmol/L组、CsA 40 μmol/L组,用血细胞分析仪检测各组的白细胞数,应用流式细胞术检测各组...     

环孢素A与寄生虫感染

环孢素 A是一种环状多肽 ,分子量为 12 0 2 ,最早由瑞士Borel教授与其同事在真菌中提取纯化 ,该药具有强烈的免疫抑制性和疏水性 [1 ] ,被广泛地用于器官移植和自身免疫性疾病的治疗。此外 ,近年来发现该药还具有抗实验性寄生虫感染的作用。环孢素 A清楚地显示出抗疟原虫、血吸虫、绦虫成虫以及丝虫的活性 ,效果与治疗感染的时间、给药途径以及药物剂量有关。相反 ,环孢素 A作为免疫调节剂 ,可能加重锥虫、兰氏贾第鞭毛虫和利什曼原虫的感染。在其它寄生虫感染中 ,如弓形虫、鸟球虫和胃肠道线虫感染时 ,环孢素 A既可作为抗寄生虫药物 ,又…     

旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原免疫小鼠攻击感染后的免疫应答

目的　探讨旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原 (AWSAg)接种小鼠后诱发的免疫应答。　 方法　制备旋毛虫AWSAg免疫小鼠 ,分别于攻击感染后 7、14、2 1、2 8和 3 5d ,动态观察免疫小鼠特异性IgG抗体水平、IL 2水平和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。　结果　与非免疫鼠相比 ,免疫鼠血清特异性IgG抗体OD值在攻击感染后 7d明显升高 ,在观察期内一直高于非免疫鼠。感染后 7dIL 2水平明显增高 ,达观察期内最高值 ,2 1d后才逐渐减少 ,在感染后 2 8～ 3 5d仍高于正常组。免疫鼠CD4+ T细胞在攻击感染 7d明显增加并保持不变 ,非免疫鼠CD4+ T细胞及CD4/CD8比值明显较正常鼠减低。　结论　旋毛虫AWSAg免疫小鼠攻击感染后 ,出现细胞、体液免疫应答。     

旋毛虫感染过程中小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

应用酸性α醋酸萘酯酶(ANAE)胞浆标记法观察实验感染旋毛虫小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞及其亚群的变化。结果表明感染后d_3淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞绝对数平行地增多,于d_(14)达高峰,d_(60)仍高于正常水平。而斑块颗粒型细胞(辅助性T细胞,T_h)和分散颗粒型细胞(抑制性T细胞,T_a)呈反向变化,前者减少,后者增多,T_h/T_a比值降低,表明旋毛虫感染过程中宿主免疫功能受抑制。     

环孢素A在免疫调节相关性疾病中的临床应用

本文概述环孢素Ａ的作用机理、药代动力学及药物间的互相作用，详细综述了环孢素Ａ在免疫调节相关性疾病中的临床应用、药物的不良反应及其剂量和用法，为临床上更好地应用环孢素Ａ提供参考。     

感染旋毛虫小鼠脾T细胞亚群动态变化观察

感染旋毛虫小鼠脾Ｔ细胞亚群动态变化观察王海鹏，刘英杰，王太一细胞免疫的作用日益受到人们的重视。进行Ｔ细胞亚群的研究，有助于了解宿主的免疫调控状态和免疫反应水平。据研究，旋毛虫感染期间，小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化反应及对绵羊红细胞的细胞免疫应答存在着免疫抑制现...     

旋毛虫感染小鼠IgG、IL-2和T淋巴细胞亚群动态变化的观察

目的　了解小鼠感染旋毛虫后 Ig G抗体水平、IL - 2分泌量和 T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化。方法　分别于旋毛虫感染后第 7、14、2 1、2 8和 35天 ,采用 EL ISA方法检测血清特异性 Ig G抗体水平和 IL- 2含量 ,采用流式细胞仪检测 CD4+、CD8+T细胞百分率。结果　 Ig G抗体水平在感染后逐渐上升 ,感杂后 35天达最高值 ;T淋巴细胞的变化表现为 CD4+T细胞减少、CD8+T细胞增多 ,CD4+/ CD8+细胞比值下降 ,以感染后第 14天最为显著 ,直到感染后第 35天仍未见恢复。IL - 2分泌量以感染后第 7天达高峰 ,然后迅速下降 ,到感染后第 35天低于正常组。讨论　旋毛虫感染的急性期 ,小鼠出现免疫抑制现象。抗旋毛虫感染的保护性免疫是由细胞免疫与体液免疫协同完成的。     

钙通道阻滞剂对环孢素A所致内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：研究钙通道阻滞剂异搏定对环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）所致内皮细胞（ＥＣ）所致内皮细胞（ＥＣ）损伤的保护作用。 方法：在培养的ＥＣ中加入ＣｓＡ１００μｇ／Ｌ的同时加入异搏定１００μｇ／Ｌ作用２４ｈ，以直接计数粘附细胞数观察细胞分离；光镜、电镜观察细胞形态；Ｈ＾３－ＴｄＲ掺入法及流式细胞仪观察ＤＮＡ抑制；Ｆｕｒａ－２ＡＭ荧光负载法检测细胞内游离钙（［Ｃａ＾２＋］ｉ）；放射免疫法检测细胞上清中内皮素（ＥＴ）     

环孢素A对人脐静脉内皮细胞的损伤作用

本实验取人脐静脉内皮细胞进行培养，加不同浓度的环孢是A孵育后，在光镜和透射电镜下观察到CSA对培养的血管内皮细胞具有损伤作用，有明显的形态学变化．监测细胞培养上清液获中乳酶脱氢酶（LDH）、血栓调节蛋白（TM）的变化．TM浓度随CsA浓度和作用时间呈依赖性的变化，TM作为血管内皮细胞损伤的指标比LDH敏感．在高浓度组中（CsA：1600μg／L、3200μg／L）TM值与对照组间差异显著（P＜0．05）．     

感染旋毛虫小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞及其亚群和血清IgG抗体的变化

本实验用酸性α醋酸萘脂酶染色法观察实验感染旋毛虫小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞及其亚群的变化,以斑点-ELISA试验观察血清IgG抗体的变化。小鼠感染后第3d起外周血T淋巴细胞开始增高,第14d达最高水平,此后开始降低,第77d仍未降至正常水平,而其中斑点型细胞(辅助性T细胞,T_h)和弥散型细胞(抑制性T细胞,T_s)呈反向变化,前者减少,后者增多,T_h/T_s比值降低,表明旋毛虫感染过程中宿主免疫功能受抑制。同时观察到感染后第7d外周血清IgG抗体滴度开始增高,第28-42d达最高水平,第140d仍维持较高水平。     

Effects of immune serum and cells on newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis

Serum and cells, collected from mice immunized by infection either with newborn larvae (NBL) or per os with infective larvae of Trichinella spiralis, were passively transferred to mice which were challenged with NBL. Serum always gave very strong protection if given before challenge but not if given within 2 h after challenge. Cells from mice immunized with NBL also gave good protection, whereas those from mice immunized per os did not. If NBL were incubated in serum from immunized mice their infectivity was reduced, but if the serum was pre-absorbed with NBL this effect was lost. Such absorbed serum did not confer immunity on recipient mice.     

T lymphocyte dependent enteropathy in murine Trichinella spiralis infection

Mice infected with Trichinella spiralis developed significant enteropathy, comprising villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, goblet cell hyperplasia and a decrease in intra-epithelial lymphocyte numbers by 10 days post-infection, when most of the parasites had been expelled from the gut. However, worm expulsion was prevented by treatment with cyclosporin A and, despite a continued parasite burden, cyclosporin A treated animals had no villus atrophy or changes in inflammatory cell numbers. These results confirm that the expulsion of T. spiralis from the mouse gut is accompanied by a significant intestinal lesion and that both of these phenomena are T-cell mediated.     

Studies on the responsiveness of spleen cells to various polyclonal T and B cell activators during Trichinella spiralis infection

Summary Spleen cells from mice infected with Trichinella spiralis 1, 2, 3 and 8 weeks before the assay, were stimulated with various polyclonal T and B cell activators. It was observed that T. spiralis infection was accompanied by increased spontaneous DNA synthesis which probably reflects lymphocyte activation in vivo . The infection also caused a depressed T cell reactivity during the intestinal stage (1 week after infection) and enhanced DxS response during the late muscular stage (8 weeks after infection). The depression of T cell reactivity seems to reflect qualitative rather than quantitive changes, presumably associated with the regulation of the host's specific immune response to the parasitic antigen. The increased response to DxS may partially be associated with increased macrophage activity. Attempts to evaluate the effects of infection on the reactivity of the cells to PHA and Con A during the migration stage and onwards, to PPD and LPS during the whole observation period and to DxS before the late muscular stage gave conflicting results.     

Congenital transmission of Trichinella spiralis in experimentally infected mice

Summary Congenital transmission of T. spiralis infectio in BALB/c mice was studied. Pregnant mice were each infected with 300 larvae 5, 7, 15 and 17 days after fertilization. Newborn mice were examined by artificial digestion of muscles. Out of 6 offspring born to the mother-mouse infected 7 days after fertilization, two offspring were found to be infected, 7 and 24 larvae were recovered respectively. Other 7 female mice were first infected with T. spiralis larvae and then gestated, only the offspring born to the mother-mice fertilized 8 and 22 days after infection were found to be infected with a larval burden ranging from 1–3 larvae per animal. All of the larvae recovered from the offspring were the non-encapsulated larvae. The cross-fostering in which one-day old young born to healthy mother-mice were nursed by infected mothers for 21 days, showed that no young were found to be infected. These findings showed that tansplacental transmission of T. spiralis could occur in mice, if the female were infected during mid-pregnancy or fertilized in 1 month after infection (e.g., infected in one month before fertilization). The larvae transmitted from maternal-to-neonatal mice may be migrating. Transmammary transmission of T. spiralis was not observed.     

A non-classical type of alveolar macrophage response to Trichinella spiralis infection

Studies of arginase expression and activity in guinea pig alveolar macrophages during Trichinella spiralis infection, prompted by earlier observation of innate lung response to the parasite, showed the macrophages to express both activity and protein of arginase type I. In cultured macrophages part of the enzyme was found to be always released to the extracellular medium. Whereas BCG in vivo treatment, alone or preceded by T. spiralis infection, stimulated arginase activity, T. spiralis infection alone affected the enzyme distribution between intracellular and extracellular fractions, and properties (K(m) and V(max)), rather than total (intracellular + extracellular) activity, with TGF-beta apparently responsible for a part of the effect. Anti-TGF-beta antibody treatment of the animals influenced both arginase activation by Mn(2+) and dependence of the enzyme-catalysed reaction on pH. Whereas T. spiralis infection activated guinea pig alveolar macrophages by the type II macrophage activation, as indicated by constant arginase expression, associated with previously demonstrated lack of stimulation of nitric oxide production, BCG treatment invoked an alternative type of activation mechanism, reflected by stimulation of macrophage arginase, but not iNOS, activity.     

旋毛虫排泄分泌抗原对小鼠的保护性免疫

目的比较旋毛虫成虫排泄分泌抗原(ES抗原)、肌幼虫ES抗原、成虫和肌幼虫ES混合抗原对小鼠的免疫保护作用。方法用生理盐水培养法从培养液中提取成虫ES抗原、肌幼虫ES抗原,分别用成虫ES抗原、肌幼虫ES抗原、成虫和肌幼虫ES混合抗原免疫小鼠,同时设佐剂组和对照组,间隔7d共免疫3次。末次免疫后7天,每只小鼠用200条旋毛虫感染期幼虫经口进行攻击感染。感染后7天和30天检查各组小鼠肠道成虫数和肌幼虫数。结果旋毛虫成虫ES抗原组、肌幼虫ES抗原组、成虫和肌幼虫ES混合抗原组的成虫减虫率分别为87.95%、69.48%、84.34%,肌幼虫减虫率分别为74.79%、87.97%、86.87%。成虫ES抗原组、成虫与肌幼虫ES抗原混合组的成虫减虫率均高于肌幼虫ES抗原组(P均<0.05)。肌幼虫ES抗原组、成虫与肌幼虫ES抗原混合组的肌幼虫减虫率均高于成虫ES抗原组(P均<0.01)。结论旋毛虫成虫和肌幼虫ES混合抗原均能诱导小鼠产生抗成虫及肌幼虫较强的免疫力。     

感染旋毛虫小鼠免疫能力的性别差异研究

目的 研究感染旋毛虫早期雌雄小鼠免疫能力的性别差异。方法 不同剂量的旋毛虫感染雌雄小鼠7 d后,测定脏器指数和白细胞组成比例,脾脏和胸腺组织进行HE染色分析,ELISA法测定血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-10的含量,流式细胞仪检测脾脏免疫调节性T细胞比例。结果 与感染旋毛虫的雌性小鼠相比,感染旋毛虫雄性小鼠的胸腺指数明显增大(t=4.595, P<0.05);淋巴细胞百分比明显下降而单核细胞和粒细胞百分比明显上升(t=2.604, P<0.05);胸腺组织变化不明显而脾脏组织变化明显;免疫调节性T细胞比例上升,但无统计学意义。血清中细胞因子的变化也存在雌雄差异,与正常小鼠相比,感染旋毛虫的雌性小鼠IL-2含量上升而雄性小鼠下降(F=5.664,P<0.05);IL-4、IL-10含量均上升(F=10.461,P<0.05;F=1.170,P>0.05),且雄性高于雌性。结论 感染旋毛虫7 d后,雄性小鼠的免疫应答强于雌性小鼠。     

旋毛虫肌幼虫在感染小鼠体内的分布

目的观察旋毛虫肌幼虫在感染小鼠体内不同部位横纹肌内的分布和密度。方法分别取感染旋毛虫小鼠的舌肌、咬肌、胸肌、腹肌、前肢肌、后肢肌、膈肌和背肌各50mg,肌肉压片镜检。结果膈肌幼虫密度最高,其次为舌肌、胸肌;前肢肌、后肢肌、咬肌、背肌幼虫密度无明显差异,均低于胸肌,腹肌幼虫密度最低。结论感染旋毛虫的小鼠从膈肌取材,检出肌幼虫的阳性率较其他部位高。     

Comparative dynamics and phenotype of the murine immune response to Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis

Infection of NIH mice with Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis results in qualitatively comparable immune responses. Antigen-specific proliferation by mesenteric lymph node cells was transient and temporally associated with intestinal infection, but in contrast was sustained throughout infection by splenocytes. Early cytokine production by mesenteric lymph node cells was dominated by interleukin 10, but also IL-5 and IL-4, with rapid resolution following parasite expulsion from the gut. Splenocytes showed a mixed profile of cytokine production, although again dominated by IL-10 and sustained over 60 days of infection. All antibody classes were evident, with early production of IgA and IgG1, and subsequent secretion of other subclasses including IgG2a. Granulocytic infiltration of the spleen was significantly greater in T. spiralis infection. The concentration of serum corticosterone generally remained within normal boundaries, although was raised by day 60 in T. spiralis-infected mice. We conclude that the systemic suppression of inflammation reported for T. pseudospiralis does not result from selective induction of regulatory cytokines, or a major difference in the immune response to infection with T. spiralis.