CD44+/CD24-细胞在乳腺癌组织及细胞系中的数量与分布

目的 检测CD44+/CIY24-细胞在乳腺癌组织及细胞系中的分布及数量,探讨其与乳腺癌常用标志物表达和乳腺癌分子亚型的关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学SP双染及单染法,分别检测了60例乳腺浸润性导管癌中的CD44及C1724的共表达情况和ER、PR、HER2、人雌激素诱导蛋白PS2、bcl-2、nm23的单独表达情况,同时检测了三种乳腺痛细胞系(MCF-7、MDA-MB-468及MDA-MB-231)中CD44及CD24的表达情况.结果 不同病例标本中CD44+/C1724-细胞的数量差异较大,分布无明显规律,总阳性率为65.0%;CD44+/CD24-细胞数量与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移情况及ER、PR、HER-2、人雌激素诱导蛋白PS2、bcl-2、nm23表达情况无关(P均>0.05);CD44+/CD24-细胞数量与乳腺癌分子亚型无关.CD44+/CIY24-细胞在MCF-7、MDA-MB-468及MDA-MB-231细胞系中的比例分别为<1%、5%及>80%.结论 CD44+/CD24-细胞存在于部分乳腺癌组织及细胞系中,其数量及分布与乳腺癌的分子亚型和临床病理参数无直接关系.     

CD44s在肺癌中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨CD44s在肺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测117例原发性肺癌的CD44s异常表达。结果:CD44s在小细胞肺癌(SCLC)不表达,而表达于非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中,并且鳞癌的CD44s表达强度明显强于腺癌(P＜0.05);未发生淋巴结转移的肺癌病例中CD44s的表达明显高于已经发生转移的病例(P＜0.01);按照临床肿瘤TNM分期,早期肺癌的CD44s表达显著高于进展期肺癌(P＜0.05)。结论:CD44s对肺癌组织的病理类型、淋巴结转移、临床分期以及预后的判断是一个较好的评价指标。     

乳腺癌中CD44~+/CD24~-表型及乳腺癌分子亚型的分布及意义

目的探讨CD44+/CD24-表型在乳腺癌中的临床病理意义和乳腺癌分子亚型在中国人群中的分布。方法回顾分析217例乳腺癌患者,根据ER、PR、Her-2及CK5/6的水平划分为5个分子亚型。应用双重免疫组织化学检测其CD44/CD24双染的情况,分析CD44+/CD24-表型在乳腺癌中表达情况及其与临床病理的相关性;分析乳腺癌分子亚型在中国人群中的分布情况。结果 217例乳腺癌病例中,luminal A型130例,luminal B型15例,Her-2过表达型21例,basal-like型29例,Normalbreast-like型22例。CD44+/CD24-表型在所有乳腺癌阳性表达率为38%。CD44+/CD24-表型与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织分级、淋巴结转移等无关(P0.05)。结论乳腺癌干细胞表型(CD44+/CD24-)在乳腺癌中只占一小部分,在人类乳腺癌中CD44+/CD24-表型无临床病理意义;5种分子亚型中luminal A型所占比例最高,其他亚型所占比例较低。     

CD44与乳腺癌的研究进展

CD44基因蛋白是一种细胞表面跨膜糖蛋白,属于黏附分子家族。CD44基因外显子根据表达方式可分为标准型CD44(CD44s)和变异型CD44(CD44v)两种类型。大量研究发现,CD44蛋白参与细胞-细胞、细胞-胞外基质之间的特异性粘附,CD44及其亚型在乳腺癌的异常表达可能与癌症的发生、发展和转移密切相关。此外,乳腺癌干细胞表面高度表达CD44分子,针对CD44分子与乳腺癌干细胞关系的研究,将会为临床上对乳腺癌的诊断、治疗选择以及预后预测提供更充分的理论依据。     

CD44s和CD44v6在宫颈鳞癌中表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨宫颈鳞癌中CD44s和CD44v6的表达及其与临床病理资料的关系。方法：应用免疫组化EnVision两步法对31例宫颈鳞标本中CD44s和CD44v6蛋白表达并进行分析。结果：肿瘤原发灶中CD44s阳性表达率为61．3％（19／31）。CD44v6阳性表达率为93．5％（29／31）,CD44v6阳性率高于CD44s,CD44s阳性表达与临床分期,病理分级和分类无关（P＞0．05）,CD44v6阳性表达与肿瘤细胞分化程度无关,但与浸润程度及分期有关（P＜0．05）,结论：CD44v6基因蛋白与宫颈鳞癌的侵袭,转移相关,可作为预测肿瘤进展和预后的一种有用指标。     

CD133和CD44在结直肠癌细胞中的表达及其与患者5年生存率的相关性分析

目的: 探讨不同CD133/CD44细胞亚群的成瘤能力及CD133、CD44的表达水平对根治性结直肠癌患者术后生存率的影响,明确CD133和CD44作为结直肠癌肿瘤干细胞表面标志物的意义。方法: 利用流式细胞术分选出SW480细胞系中CD133和CD44标记的不同细胞亚群,比较其在裸鼠皮下成瘤情况;并利用免疫组化的方法观察CD133和CD44在90例结直肠癌患者石蜡切片标本的表达情况,对CD133、CD44与患者临床病理资料及生存率进行分析。结果: CD133⁺CD44⁺细胞群成瘤能力明显优于其它各组。CD133和CD44均在细胞膜上表达,两者均与患者性别、年龄 、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肝转移、肿瘤分化程度及UICC分期无关(P＞0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析法显示,CD133高表达组5年生存率为45.2%,CD133低表达组5年生存率为83.8%,两者有明显差异(P＜0.01);而CD44高表达组5年生存率(75.6%)与低表达组(70.1%)无明显差异(P＞0.05);其中CD133/CD44同时高表达者5年生存率明显较差(P＜0.01)。Cox风险回归模型分析结果表明,CD133、肝转移、分化程度及淋巴结转移是影响结直肠癌患者预后的几个独立危险因素(P＜0.05)。结论: CD133可作为结直肠癌肿瘤干细胞的良好标志物。CD133是影响结直肠癌患者预后的独立危险因素,其表达水平越高,预后越差;尽管CD44与结直肠癌患者预后无明显相关性,但联合检测CD133/CD44却能更好地判断患者的预后情况。     

CD44分子与肿瘤

CD44分子在正常淋巴细胞循环中起重要作用。CD44基因选择性剪接导致CD44有多种亚型。CD~(44)变型可提高肿瘤细胞的浸润和转移能力。肿瘤CD~(44)的异常表达可以作为肿瘤早期诊断、肿瘤转移等早期监测的生物学标志物。     

银屑病血小板表面CD35分子变化分析

现已知红细胞表面分子CD35数量与活性变化在自身免疫性疾病、肿瘤及感染性疾病发病机制中具有重要作用[1 ] ,有关血小板膜CD35分子数量在疾病中变化甚少报道[2 ] 。我们通过有关实验研究证明银屑病患者不仅红细胞表面分子CD35数量与活性明显上升与失平衡[1 ] ,而且还发现银屑病患者血小板表面CD35分子数量上升与失平衡,并与其他免疫指标变化相关,现将资料报道如下。1　研究对象与方法1 1　研究对象　为本院住院与门诊确诊银屑病患者32例,献血员2 2例,采集当日的枸橼酸抗凝全血2ml,同批化验血小板CD35数量及相关指标,淋巴细胞免疫粘附活…     

甲状腺髓样癌中CD133和CD44的表达及意义

目的 探讨肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cells,CSC)标志物CD133及CD44在甲状腺髓样癌(medullary thyroid cancer,MTC)组织中的表达及临床病理意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测51例MTC组织中CD133和CD44的表达.结果 (1)CD133蛋白在MTC伴有包膜浸润组的阳性率(76.2％,16/21)明显高于无包膜浸润组(43.3％,13/30);CD133蛋白在MTC病灶直径≥1 cm组的阳性率(64.4％,29/45)显著高于病灶直径＜1 cm组(0,0/6),差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).(2)CD44蛋白在MTC伴有包膜浸润组的阳性率(66.7％,14/21)明显高于无包膜浸润组(20％,6/30),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(3) MTC中CD133和CD44蛋白的表达与患者年龄、性别、是否散发、甲状腺受累范围、淋巴结转移、远处脏器转移、TNM分期均无关(P＞0.05).(4)CD133与CD44共表达与MTC包膜浸润密切相关(P＜0.01).结论 MTC中存在CSC,其与肿瘤的浸润生长及恶性增殖相关,可考虑将CD133及CD44作为MTC临床评价肿瘤生物学行为的指标.二者可能存在互相调节的机制,共表达在MTC的恶性进展中发挥作用.     

CD44s、纤维粘连蛋白表达与子宫内膜异位症发病关系的研究

目的：探讨细胞黏附分子（CAMS）纤维粘连蛋白（FN）、CD44s与子宫内膜异位症发病的关系.方法：S-P免疫组化法法检测子宫内膜异位症在位内膜（22例）、异位内膜（45例）、对照组子宫内膜（20例）进行病理组织化学观察和CD44s、FN表达的检测.结果：对照组相比子宫内膜CD44s主要表达于腺上皮细胞,FN表达于基质细胞,与对照组相比子宫内膜异位症在位子宫内膜CD44s、FN均表达于下降,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,异位内膜组CD44s、FN表达明显降低,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）.结论：子宫内膜异位症患者从子宫内膜到异位病灶,CD44s、FN均有明显的变化,这可能与子宫内膜异位症的发生、发展、不孕有关.     

B cells in the aged: CD27, CD5, and CD40 expression

Ageing is characterized by numerous changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. In the present paper we have focused on B cells carrying the surface markers CD27, CD5 and CD40. CD27 is considered a marker of primed (memory) cells and its engagement promotes the differentiation of memory B cells into plasma cells. CD5 is expressed on B1 cells, which are considered to be responsible for T cell-independent antibody production other than autoantibodies. The CD40 molecule binds CD40L (CD154) and is necessary for T-dependent antibody responses. Here we show that the absolute number of CD5+ and CD40+ B cells is decreased in the elderly, while CD27+ B lymphocytes only marginally decrease in centenarians. However, there is a decrease of the percentage of CD5+ B cells, an increase of CD27+ B cells, while CD40 does not change significantly. These data, together with the increased number of NK cells during aging, suggest different regulation of antibody production in the elderly which might be another example of immune remodeling with aging, based on interactions between human B and NK cells.     

A CD44 monoclonal antibody differentially regulates CD11a/CD18 binding to intercellular adhesion molecules CD54, CD102 and CD50

We have made a monoclonal anti-CD44 antibody which is able to activate the leukocyte integrin CD11a/CD18. Activated T cells strongly aggregated, and the aggregation was shown to be intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 (CD54) and ICAM-2 (CD102) dependent. Using purified ICAM coated on plastic, only binding to ICAM-1 was increased by the CD44 antibody, whereas activation by phorbol ester increased binding to both ICAM-1 and ICAM-3. The binding to ICAM-2 was not affected by either treatment. These findings show that the CD11a/CD18 integrin can be activated in a ligand-specific manner by engagement of CD44.     

The role of CD40 and CD154/CD40L in dendritic cells

In this review, we focus on the function of CD40–CD40L (CD154) interactions in the regulation of dendritic cell (DC)–T cell and DC–B cell crosstalk. In addition, we examine differences and similarities between the CD40 signaling pathway in DCs and other innate immune cell receptors, and how these pathways integrate DC functions. As research into DC vaccines and immunotherapies progresses, further understanding of CD40 and DC function will advance the applicability of DCs in immunotherapy for human diseases.     

Soluble CD40 ligand induces expression of CD25 and CD23 in resting human tonsillar B lymphocytes

In this report, we describe the dose-dependent increase in both CD25 and CD23 levels on resting human B cells in response to CD40 ligation, as mediated by soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) or anti-CD40 antibody. In combination with interleukin (IL)-4, sCD40L had limited additive effects on CD25 expression, but significantly enhanced CD23 expression on tonsillar B cells. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) exerted no inhibitory effect upon increases in CD25 or CD23 driven by CD40 ligation with sCD40L or anti-CD40 antibody. These data suggest that the induction of CD25 and CD23 genes by IL-4 is mediated, at least in part, by an IFN-γ-sensitive component, whereas gene activation driven via CD40 ligation involves signaling pathways which are not sensitive to IFN-γ.     

CD80和CD86介导的共刺激信号的比较及其生物学作用

共刺激信号在T细胞的活化中具有重要的作用,CD80和CD86是两个重要的共刺激分子。尽管两者存在许多相似之处,但随着研究的深入,发现两者在分子结构、所介导的生物学功能等方面均存在着诸多的不同。研究两者区别对于更好的了解它们的功能具有重要的意义。     

CD45RA and CD45RO isoforms in infected malnourished and infected well-nourished children.

The aim of this study was to determine if the distribution in vivo of CD4(+)CD45RA(+)/CD45RO(-) (naive), CD4(+)CD45RA(+)/CD45RO(+) (Ddull) and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) (memory) lymphocytes differs in malnourished infected and well-nourished infected children. The expression of CD45RA (naive) and CD45RO (memory) antigens on CD4(+) lymphocytes was analysed by flow cytometry in a prospectively followed cohort of 15 malnourished infected, 12 well-nourished infected and 10 well-nourished uninfected children. Malnourished infected children showed higher fractions of Ddull cells (11.4 +/- 0.7%) and lower fractions of memory cells (20.3 +/- 1.7%) than the well-nourished infected group (8.8 +/- 0.8 and 28.1 +/- 1.8%, respectively). Well-nourished infected children showed increased percentages of memory cells, an expected response to infection. Impairment of the transition switch to the CD45 isoforms in malnourished children may explain these findings, and may be one of the mechanisms involved in immunodeficiency in these children.     

多梗塞性痴呆患者外周血CD54、CD106和CD62p的表达及意义

目的:探讨多梗塞性痴呆患者外周血CD54、CD106和CD62p的变化及意义。方法:采用酶联免疫法测定了8例多梗塞性痴呆患者血清CD54、CD106、CD62p水平,并与23例健康人对照比较。结果:多梗塞性痴呆患者血清CD54、CD10及CD62p水平(CD54:469±76.33ngml,CD106:1103.3±98.96ngml,CD62p:18.22±8.90ngml)较对照组(CD54:196±45.91ngml,CD106:601.0±76.30ngml,CD62p:6.70±3.30ngml)高,差异具有显著性意义。CD54、CD106及CD62p水平与痴呆程度呈正相关。结论:CD54、CD106、CD62p参与了MID的病理变化过程,并与痴呆程度密切相关,在一定程度上反映了MID神经功能缺损的程度,可作为MID后监测病情变化的重要指标。     

尖锐湿疣表皮CD1a和CD207的表达

目的:了解尖锐湿疣(CA)表皮中CD1a和CD207的表达情况及其意义.方法:采用寡核苷酸芯片对6例CA表皮和6例正常表皮中的CD1a和CD207的mRNA表达进行检测,应用半定量RT-PCR验证CD1a和CD207的mRNA表达,采用Western blot法检测6例CA表皮和6例正常表皮中的CD1a和CD207的蛋白表达.结果:基因芯片检测到CD1a和CD207的mRNA在CA表皮中表达下调,半定量RT-PCR证实CD1a和CD207的mRNA在CA表皮中表达下调,Western blot法检测到CD1a和CD207蛋白在CA表皮中的显著下调表达.结论:CA表皮中CD1a和CD207的表达下调,提示CA表皮中LC可能出现了数目的减少及功能的受损.     

CD70 represents the human ligand for CD27

The recently identified CD27 ligand (L) Is a type II transmembranemolecule with significant structural homology to tumor necrosisfactor (TNF)-, TNF-ß, lymphotoxin ß, CO40L,and CD30L. Using a CD27L specific mAb we examined the tissuedistribution of the molecule, and found Its expression to berestricted to B cells in occasional germinal centers, stromalcells in the thymic medulla, and scattered T cells in tonsils,skin and gut. As the limited expression of CD27L closely resembledthe reported distribution of the activation antigen CD70, wetested whether CD70 represents the human CD27L. CD70 mAb werefound to react with CD27L-expressing transfected mouse fibroblasts.Moreover a number of CD70 mAb could specifically interfere withthe cellular binding of CD27L mAb. Thus, CD70 Is Identical tothe human CD27L.     

浆细胞CD45和CD31的表达与多发性骨髓瘤细胞分化程度的关系

目的: 了解反映多发性骨髓瘤(MM)细胞生物学行为的免疫标记在骨髓不同阶段浆细胞中的表达情况,为临床调整治疗策略和判断疾病病程及预后提供依据。方法: 用流式细胞术检测MM患者及对照组浆细胞表面相关分化抗原的表达情况,分析其在良、恶性浆细胞表达的差异,及其与原始浆细胞比例的相关性。结果: MM患者浆细胞CD45和CD31表达率低于对照组浆细胞; MM细胞 CD45和CD31的表达率与原始浆细胞比例呈负相关;CD45表达与CD31表达呈现正相关。结论: 浆细胞CD45和CD31的表达率与MM细胞的分化程度呈正相关,其表达可能与MM的疾病进展有一定关系。