Rational-emotive therapy vs general cognitive-behavior therapy in the treatment of low self-esteem and related emotional disturbances

The present study compared the relative effectiveness of “preferential” rational-emotive therapy (RET) and general cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) in the treatment of low self-esteem and related emotional disturbances. Thirty-three subjects were randomly assigned to RET, CBT, and waiting-list control (WLC) groups. Therapy consisted of 8 weekly 1 1/2hour group sessions. At posttest, both the RET and CBT groups changed significantly more than the WLC group on all measures: self-esteem, depression, general and social-evaluative anxiety, anger, and rational thinking. On the self-esteem and self-efficacy measures, the CBT group changed significantly more than the RET group. At a six-month follow-up, both the RET and CBT groups maintained their gains, and there were no significant differences between groups on any measure.     

The effects of reminiscence in promoting mental health of Taiwanese elderly

This study examined the effects of reminiscence on four selected mental health indicators, including depressive symptoms, mood status, self-esteem, and self-health perception of elderly people residing in community care facilities and at home. A longitudinal quasi-experimental design was conducted, using two equivalent groups for pre-post test and purposive sampling with random assignment. Each subject was administered pre- and post- tests at a 4 month interval but subjects in the experimental group underwent weekly intervention. Ninety-four subjects completed the study, with 48 in the control group and 46 in the experimental group. In the experimental group, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.041) was found between the pre-post tests on the dependent variable, depressive symptoms. However, no statistical significance was found in subjects' level of mood status, self-esteem, and self-health perception after the intervention in the experimental group, but slightly improvement was found. Reminiscence not only supports depression of the elderly but also empower nurses to become proactive in their daily nursing care activities.     

自我效能干预对维持性血液透析患者心理状况的影响

目的:探讨自我效能干预对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者心理状况的影响。方法:将60例MHD患者随机分为干预组31例和对照组29例。对照组接受常规血液透析护理,干预组在此基础上进行为期3个月的自我效能干预。采用慢性病患者自我效能量表和医院焦虑抑郁量表在干预前、干预后及干预后3个月对两组患者进行测评。结果:干预组患者干预后及干预后3个月自我效能评分高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);干预组患者干预后及干预后3个月的焦虑、抑郁评分低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:自我效能干预可提高MHD患者的自我效能水平,改善其心理状态。     

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy,Self-Efficacy,and Depression in Persons with Chronic Pain

Chronic pain is a complex and often disabling condition compounded by depression and poor self-efficacy. The purpose of this evidence-based project was to explore the relationship of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)–focused groups with self-efficacy and depression in persons with chronic pain at an intensive interdisciplinary 3-week pain rehabilitation center (PRC). The project sample consisted of 138 persons admitted to a PRC and scoring ≥27 on the Center for Epidemiological Study Depression Scale (CES-D) and then completing the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). After completing the PRC program, including CBT-focused groups, discharge CES-D and PSEQ scores were analyzed. A comparison group of CES-D scores from 134 persons admitted to the PRC from a 9-month time period preceding the addition of the CBT-focused groups was also examined. There was a significant increase in self-efficacy after participation in the intensive pain rehabilitation program including CBT-focused groups. Patient groups both before and after introduction of CBT-focused groups showed the same rate of improvement on the depression scores, suggesting that persons who participated in CBT-focused groups improved equally compared with persons who did not participate in these groups. Ninety-three percent of the participants expressed satisfaction with the CBT groups. This evidence-based practice is well supported in the literature and can be implemented with knowledgeable staff and engaged stakeholders.     

增强自我效能干预对癫痫患者自尊、总体幸福感及应对方式的影响

目的 探讨增强自我效能干预对癫痫患者自尊、总体幸福感及应对方式的影响.方法 将112例癫痫患者随机均分为研究组和对照组,对照组实施一般健康教育,研究组进行增强自我效能干预,内容包括:激励、社会支持、行为方法.学习采用集体授课和个别教育相结合的形式.采用自尊量表(SES)和缺陷感量表(FIS)、总体幸福感量表(GWB)及应付方式问卷对患者进行训练前后自身对照和两组相互对照,在患者出院1年时进行效果评价.结果 研究组经干预治疗后SES、FIS及GWB评分均明显高于对照组,不成熟的应付方式(自责、幻想、退避)明显低于对照组(P<0.01).结论 增强自我效能干预,能消除自卑、增强其自信心和自尊心,能使患者使用积极的应付方式解决问题,能明显提高癫痫患者的总体幸福感.     

An evaluation of the impact of a self-care coping intervention on psychological and clinical outcomes in adolescents with newly diagnosed cancer.

The demands of cancer treatment are particularly challenging for newly diagnosed adolescents. If attempts to cope with these demands are unsuccessful, adolescents may not comply with or may refuse treatment. As a result, their chances of survival are decreased. The purpose of this study, guided by the Adolescent Self-Sustaining Model, was to determine the effects of a three-part educational intervention designed to facilitate copying on psychological (hopefulness, hopelessness, self-esteem, self-efficacy and symptom distress) and clinical outcomes (treatment toxicity) among adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer. This two-site study used a longitudinal experimental two-group design with adolescents randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Four measurement points spanning the first 6 months of treatment were included in the design. Of 93 eligible adolescents, 78 (46 females and 32 males) agreed to participate. No statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups, or between male and female participants, were detected at any measurement point. Differences in scores over time within groups were noted. Explanations for the lack of group differences are offered, as are recommendations for strengthening the intervention and design for future testing.     

巴林特小组对经历患者自杀事件护士焦虑抑郁及自我效能感的影响

目的 探讨巴林特小组方法对经历患者自杀事件护士焦虑、抑郁及自我效能感的影响。方法 选取我院2017年1月—2019年7月经历患者自杀事件的护士48例, 按照单双号分为观察组（24例）与对照组（24例）,对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组组采用巴林特小组方法进行护理干预。2组均实施干预3个月,1次/周,60 min/次。干预前、干预后1个月末、3个月末评估,采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表及一般自我效能感量表对2组经历患者自杀事件的护士进行评估。结果 干预后1个月末、3个月末,观察组经历患者自杀事件护士焦虑和抑郁得分均低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组经历患者自杀事件护士的自我效能感得分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 巴林特小组方法能改善经历患者自杀事件护士的焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高其自我效能感。     

Reminiscence therapy for older women with depression. Effects of nursing intervention classification in assisted-living long-term care

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 3-week, six-session Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) reminiscence intervention on the level of depression among elderly women residing in one assisted-living long-term care facility using a pre-test--post-test, quasi-experimental design. A convenience sample of 30 women (M = 81.7 years) participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, an experimental group that received the NIC reminiscence intervention and a comparison group that received the customary reminiscence intervention used within the assisted living long-term care facility. Depression was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (Brink et al., 1982). Pre-test geriatric depression scores revealed the initial levels of depression were similar for participants in both the experimental and control groups. Post-test geriatric depression scores indicated those participating in the NIC reminiscence group had significantly lower depression scores compared to those participating in the facility's customary reminiscence group. The findings of this study suggest that a nurse-initiated intervention, NIC reminiscence therapy, was an effective treatment in reducing symptoms of depression among elderly women.     

Crisis intervention: a group-therapy approach for hospitalized breast cancer patients

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of nursing intervention on the level of depression and the self-esteem of hospitalized breast cancer patients. The theoretical framework was based on crisis theory (Caplan 1964). The population of this study consisted of 18 female hospitalized breast cancer patients. Ten were in the control group and eight in the experimental group. Two self-administered instruments were selected for the pre- and post-testing of all clients. Nursing intervention was employed for the experimental group, over a 2-month period. The findings demonstrated that there was a change in the level of depression and improvement in self-esteem among the subjects in the experimental group after nursing intervention.     

感觉运动训练在老年精神分裂症患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨感觉运动训练对老年精神分裂症患者认知水平、自我效能和日常生活能力的干预效果.方法 选择2020年1月—12月在无锡市某精神卫生中心老年精神科住院的患者作为研究对象,将60例患者以住院号尾号分组,双号为试验组(30例),单号为对照组(30例),两组住院期间均予以常规训练和健康教育,试验组在对照组基础上进行感觉运...     

Effect of coaching on psychological adjustment in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: To examine effect of coaching intervention on psychological adjustment to illness and health-related QOL (HRQOL) in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS: Twelve independently living patients with spinocerebellar degeneration aged 20-65 years old, without cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder received coaching intervention, which was postponed in another 12 (control). INTERVENTIONS: Three physician coaches telephoned assigned patients for 15-30 minutes in each of 10 weekly coaching sessions over three months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary endpoints were HRQOL (SF-36) and psychological adjustment to illness (Nottingham Adjustment Scale, Japanese version; NAS-J). RESULTS: Two-way analysis of variance (group x time) showed statistically significant main effects of time for vitality (F = 5.00; P = 0.036), anxiety/depression (F = 5.15; P = 0.033), and locus of control (F = 5.58; P = 0.027), indicating improvement of scores over time in both coaching and control groups. No main effect of group or interaction was seen. However analysis of covariance with baseline scores as the covariate showed the coaching group to have better self-efficacy scores than controls at follow-up (least-square mean, experimental group, 65.1; control group, 52.7; P = 0.037). CONCLUSION: Carefully structured telephone coaching can improve self-efficacy in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration.     

The effects of meridian exercise on anxiety, depression, and self-esteem of female college students in Korea

This study examined the effects of meridian exercise on anxiety, depression, and self-esteem of female college students in Korea. The effects of meridian exercise on anxiety, depression, and self-esteem were statistically significant (t = -7.982, P= .000; t= -8.814, P = .000; t = 9.649, P = .000) between the experimental and control group.     

出院计划对全喉切除患者负性情绪及自我效能的影响*

目的：探讨出院计划服务对全喉切除患者负性情绪及自我效能的影响。方法：将104例全喉切除患者使用随机数字表法分为对照组51例和干预组53例。对照组实施常规护理,干预组在常规护理的基础上实施出院计划。应用焦虑抑郁自评量表和一般自我效能感量表在入院时、出院时及出院后1个月对两组患者进行评估。结果：入院时两组患者的焦虑抑郁评分和一般自我效能感评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;干预组患者出院时、出院后1个月的焦虑评分,低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;抑郁评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;一般自我效能感评分高于对照组差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：出院计划能有效缓解全喉切除患者的负性情绪,提高患者的自我效能感。     

Effects of a self-management course for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

BACKGROUND: For people living with systemic lupus erythematosus, the disease's potential variety and severity of manifestations and unpredictable course present challenges and repercussions in all arenas of life. AIM: A quasi-experimental study was conducted to examine the effects of a systemic lupus erythematosus self-management course for Korean patients on fatigue, coping skills, self-efficacy, depression, pain and disease activity. METHODS: In a two-group pre- and post-test design, a total of 41 participants were assigned to the experimental group (21 participants) and to the control group (20 participants). The experimental group received six weekly 2-hour sessions for groups of 10-15 literate adults of all ages, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Outcome measures included fatigue, coping skills, self-efficacy, depression, pain and disease activity. RESULTS: Patients who participated in the self-management course showed significant improvement in fatigue (P = 0.049), coping skills (P = 0.007), self-efficacy (P = 0.001), and depression (P = 0.025). There were no significant changes in pain and disease activity after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The systemic lupus erythematosus self-management course had effects in reducing fatigue and depression and improving coping skills and self-efficacy. This course is potentially a good nursing intervention that can be offered in community settings.     

A causal model of depression in early adolescents

The purpose of this study was to test the extent to which a causal model developed from a theoretical formulation of depression was consistent with data obtained from early adolescents, age 12 to 14. In this cross-sectional correlational design, the final sample consisted of 225 adolescents who responded to a demographic data sheet and instruments measuring depression, self-esteem, state anxiety, and perceived stress in classrooms. The causal model was tested via the LISREL 7 program, using a maximum likelihood structural equation model. The results yielded a chi-square (1, N = 225) = .71, p = .401, indicating a good fit of the model to the data. Perceived stress had the strongest direct, indirect, and total effect on depression in early adolescents. Contrary to expectation, self-esteem did not have a direct effect on depression, and girls did not report higher levels of depression than did boys.     

Effects of Exercise Program on Physical Fitness, Depression, and Self-Efficacy of Low-Income Elderly Women in South Korea

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise programs on physical fitness, depression, and self-efficacy in low-income elderly women (age≥75).
Design and Sample: A pretest-posttest experimental research design with a control group was used. The sample consisted of 26 women in the exercise group and 22 women in the wait-list control group in Seoul, Korea.
Measures: The measures of physical fitness included body mass index, cardiopulmonary endurance (blood pressure and heart rate), muscle strength (hand grip strength), flexibility (degree of bending of the upper body), and balance (duration of time for which the subject could stand on one foot). Depression and self-efficacy were measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale and a modified form of Lee's scale, respectively. All measures were obtained twice: at baseline and at the completion of the exercise program.
Intervention: The exercise program consisted of 4 weeks of education along with 8 weeks of physical exercise.
Results: After the intervention, significant improvements were found in depression, self-efficacy, and all measures of physical fitness, except heart rate and flexibility, in the experimental group.
Conclusion: The exercise program may be recommended as a method to maintain and promote the health of low-income elderly women.     

支持教育对乳腺癌患者化疗期间焦虑、抑郁和自我效能感的影响

目的：探讨支持教育对乳腺癌患者化疗期间焦虑、抑郁和自我效能感的影响。方法选取80例2013年1-10月完成术后第1化疗疗程,焦虑自评量表（ SAS）和抑郁自评量表（ SAS）标准分50～59分的乳腺癌患者,按入选顺序随机分为研究组和对照组各40例,再进行一般自我效能感量表（GSES）测评,对照组患者给予肿瘤化疗常规护理和心理护理,研究组患者在对照组的基础上给予Orem自理模式支持教育系统干预,所有病例于第2和第3疗程结束的次日再次进行SDS、SAS、GSES测评,将所得数据进行统计学分析。结果干预后,第2疗程对照组与研究组SDS评分分别为（50．20±2．26）,（47．70±3．96）分;SAS评分分别为（51．55±2．81）,（48．60±4．56）分;GSES评分分别为（1．76±0．31）,（2．06±0．41）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t值分别为8．797,10．223,14．585;P＜0．01）：第3疗程对照组和研究组SDS评分分别为（47．50±2．32）,（43．65±4．44）分;SAS 评分分别为（47．55±3．39）,（43．05±5．62）：GSES评分分别为（1．85±0．34）,（2．27±0．41）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t值分别为10．466,11．473,28．283;P＜0．01）。结论支持教育护理模式提高患者的一般自我效能感,明显改善患者焦虑、抑郁状态,值得在临床护理推广。     

多学科协作健康教育对乳腺癌放化疗患者自我效能和心理状况的影响

目的探讨多学科协作健康教育对乳腺癌放化疗患者自我效能和心理状况的影响。方法将200例乳腺癌放化疗患者按住院时间随机分为观察组(2019年1月—2019年6月)102例和对照组(2018年7月—2018年12月)98例,对照组实施常规健康教育,观察组实施多学科协作健康教育,采用自我效能评价量表(GSES)、焦虑和抑郁自评量表(SAS、SDS)对两组患者干预前后自我效能感、心理状态进行评价。结果两组干预前后自我效能评分、焦虑和抑郁评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组自我效能评分高于对照组(P<0.05),焦虑及抑郁评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论多学科协作健康教育能有效提高乳腺癌放化疗患者自我效能感,改善患者焦虑、抑郁状况。     

规范化疼痛评估及同伴教育在癌痛患者中的应用

目的探讨规范化疼痛评估及同伴教育对癌痛患者自我效能感、生活质量和疼痛控制效果的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取河南省肿瘤医院于2019年1月—2020年1月收治的癌症住院患者162例作为研究对象,以患者病房尾号单双数为依据分为观察组(n=82)和对照组(n=80)。对照组患者接受常规健康教育及传统疼痛评估,观察组接受规范化疼痛评估及同伴教育,比较两组患者干预前后的自我效能感、生活质量、疼痛控制效果。结果干预前,两组患者的自我效能感、生活质量各维度得分及总分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,两组癌痛患者自我效能感、生活质量各维度得分及总分均高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组癌痛患者自我效能感、生活质量各维度得分及总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组癌痛患者总体疼痛控制效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.721,P<0.01)。结论规范化疼痛评估及同伴教育应用于癌痛患者疼痛管理中可有效提高疼痛控制效果和自我效能感,改善生活质量。