长脉宽1064nmNd：YAG激光治疗儿童皮肤血管瘤的疗效

目的探讨长脉宽1064nmNd：YAG激光治疗儿童皮肤血管瘤的疗效和不良反应。方法将207例血管瘤患者（164例为增生期,43例为静止期）分为两组：A组为皮损完全位于皮肤（142例）;B组为部分皮损位于皮下（65例）,使用长脉宽1064nmNd：YAG激光治疗。分别选择光斑直径2、6mm,能量50～90J／cm2和脉宽10、40、60ms进行治疗,治疗间歇期为1个月。结果207例经1～6次治疗后．两组总有效率均为100％。两组治疗有效率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。不良反应率为11．6％,均可以逐渐恢复。结论长脉宽1064nmNd：YAG激光治疗浅表型皮肤血管瘤疗效显著,不良反应少且短暂。     

A side-by-side comparative study of 1064 nm Nd:YAG, 810 nm diode and 755 nm alexandrite lasers for treatment of 0.3-3 mm leg veins.

BACKGROUND: Laser and intense pulsed light device treatments of leg veins have generally yielded disappointing results. Use of longer wavelengths, longer pulse widths, and better cooling devices have recently sparked renewed interests in these methods. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare, side by side, a 3-msec cryogen spray-equipped 755 nm alexandrite, a sapphire window cooled super-long-pulse 810 nm diode, and a variable pulse width, cryogen spray-equipped 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of 0.3-3mm leg veins. METHODS: Thirty female volunteers, skin types I-V, age 32-67 years with comparable sets of leg veins were treated with the Nd:YAG laser and either the diode laser, alexandrite laser, or both. In most patients two to three sets of comparable sites were treated. Treatment parameters varied with each laser and according to the size of veins being treated. Patients were examined 1 week after each treatment and at 1, 2, and 3 months after the last treatment. Pre- and posttreatment 35mm photographs were taken. Improvement was judged by two experienced physicians both visually on patients and by comparison of pre- and posttreatment photographs. Results were graded as percent resolution, in five groups, 0%, 0-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, and 75-100%. RESULTS: In the 22 patients completing the study, 36 leg vein sites were treated with the Nd:YAG laser, 18 leg vein sites were treated with the diode laser, and 12 leg vein sites were treated with the alexandrite laser. Greater than 75% improvement was observed at 88% of the Nd:YAG laser-treated sites, 29% of the diode laser-treated sites, and 33% of the alexandrite laser-treated sites. Greater than 50% improvement was observed at 94% of the Nd:YAG laser-treated sites, 33% of the diode laser-treated sites, and 58% of the alexandrite laser-treated sites. Less than 25% improvement was observed at 6% of the Nd:YAG laser-treated sites, 39% of the diode laser-treated sites, and 33% of the alexandrite laser-treated sites. Pain during treatment was variably perceived by patients, but occasionally sufficient for patients to decline further treatment. Posttreatment purpura and telangiectatic matting were a significant drawback for the alexandrite laser. Transient hemosiderin pigmentation, as seen with sclerotherapy, was common with larger vessels. CONCLUSION: The cryogen spray-equipped 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser was remarkably effective and safe for the treatment of 0.3-3 mm leg veins. The use of topical anesthesia may be needed for some patients. The super-long-pulse 810 nm diode laser gave unpredictable results. Additional refinements of fluence and pulse width could improve its performance. The 3-msec, 755 nm alexandrite laser at fluences of 60-70 J/cm2 and an 8 mm spot can be effective, but inflammatory response, purpura, and matting limit its usefulness. Longer pulse widths might decrease these problems. For leg vein treatment, the 1064 nm wavelength is very safe for type V skin, the 810 nm wavelength at super-long pulse widths of 400-1000 msec is very safe for type IV and marginal for type V skin, and the 755 nm wavelength is limited to nontanned type I-III skin.     

Laser Lipolysis Using a Novel 1,064 nm Nd:YAG Laser

BACKGROUND: We studied the safety and efficacy of a 1,064 nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with a 300-micron fiber for the reduction of small unwanted fat areas. METHODS: Thirty subjects with focal areas of fat less than 100 cc were enrolled. Ten subjects were treated with laser lipolysis and had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and 3 months post-treatment. Ten subjects had laser lipolysis followed by biweekly treatments with the Tri-active system. The last group of 10 subjects served as control. Patients were seen at baseline and 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up visits. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients completed the study. Self-assessment evaluations reported an improvement of 37% at the 3-month follow-up visit. MRI demonstrated an average 17% reduction in fat volume. Smaller baseline volume areas, such as the submentum, had better results, suggesting a dose-response relationship. The most common side effects were mild bruising and swelling resolving within 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Laser lipolysis using the 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser with a 300-micron fiber appears to be a very promising procedure that delivers good, reproducible results safely and effectively. The advantages include excellent patient tolerance, quick recovery time, and the benefit of dermal tightening.     

Efficacy and safety of tigecycline for complicated urinary tract infection: a systematic review

BackgroundFacing the global threat of emerging resistance to antibiotics, tigecycline, a novel glycylcycline antibiotic, is developed to against multidrug-resistant pathogens, but not recommended for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI). We performed a summary of the literatures to characterize and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tigecycline in patients with cUTI.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Clinical Trials using appropriate syntax to retrieve potential articles up to Jan 2020. General information, pathogen, medication regimen, comorbidities of patients from eligible literatures were recorded. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to detect the potential factors associated with clinical cure.ResultsNineteen articles comprising 31 cases were included. The subpopulation with transplantation (25.8% of the patients) was the most common comorbidity, and cUTIs were mainly caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (48.28%) in our research. Tigecycline 100 mg per day as monotherapy was most common. Clinical cure was reported as majority (77.4%), and microbiological eradication cases accounted for the most (65.2%) among the clinical cure cases. Univariate analysis showed that K. pneumoniae caused cUTI and tigecycline as a single treatment have significant meaning to clinical outcomes (P=0.044 and P=0.034, respectively).ConclusionsClinical and microbiological outcomes of tigecycline treatment revealed high rate of successful response. Tigecycline monotherapy may have a role in the treatment of cUTI except that caused by the pathogen K. pneumoniae. Further randomized controlled trials was still needed to evaluate tigecycline monotherapy for cUTI.     

Efficacy and safety of local anaesthetics for premature ejaculation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To assess the efficacy and safety of local anaesthetics for premature ejaculation (PE), a systematic review of the literature was performed using the Cochrane Library, PUBMED and EMBASE. We screened and retrieved the randomized controlled trials on the treatment of PE with local anaesthetics. End points included intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), patient-reported outcome assessments and adverse events. Meta-analyses were conducted with Stata 11.0. In total, seven publications involving 566 patients with local anaesthetics and 388 with placebos strictly met our eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses showed that after the patients were treated with the local anaesthetics, the value of the standardized mean difference of the changes in IELT was 5.02 (95% CI: 3.03–7.00). A higher rate of adverse events occurred compared with placebos (odds ratio: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.71–6.36), but these events were restricted to local side effects. In addition, significantly greater improvement was observed in patient-reported outcomes. In summary, local anaesthetics can prolong IELT and improve ejaculatory control and sexual satisfaction.     

Picosecond lasers for tattoo removal: a systematic review

Given that the pigment particles in tattoos have a relaxation time of <10 ns, picosecond lasers would be expected to be more effective than nanosecond lasers in tattoo removal. To systematically review the evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of picosecond lasers for tattoo removal, Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, and reference lists were searched for relevant trials. The primary outcome was >70 % clearance of tattoo pigment. Secondary outcomes were 90–100 % clearance of tattoo pigment, number of laser sessions required, and adverse effects. Eight trials were included, six with human participants (160 participants) and 2 with animal models. Seven of the eight trials explored the usage of either 755, 758, 795, 1064, or 1064/532-nm picosecond lasers for black and blue ink tattoos. In the human trials, 69–100 % of tattoos showed over 70 % clearance of pigment after 1–10 laser treatments. Reported side effects included pain, hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, blister formation and transient erythema, edema, and pinpoint bleeding. Included articles varied in type of laser investigated, mostly non-comparative studies and with a medium to high risk of bias. There is sparse evidence that picosecond lasers are more effective than their nanosecond counterparts for mainly black and blue ink tattoo removal, with minor side effects.     

脑脊液引流防治胸腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后脊髓损伤疗效及安全性的系统评价和Meta分析

目的:系统评价应用脑脊液引流术(CSFD)防治胸腹主动脉瘤(TAAA)腔内修复术后脊髓损伤(截瘫、轻瘫)的疗效和安全性。方法:计算机检索多个国内外文献数据库,并辅以手工检索。收集公开发表的关于CSFD防治TAAA腔内修复术后脊髓损伤的随机对照试验(RCT)。采用RevMan 5.3统计软件进行系统评价和Meta分析。结果:共纳入5个RCT,424例患者,其中行CSFD治疗232例(CSFD),未行CSFD治疗192例(对照组)。Meta分析结果显示,CSFD组较对照组脊髓损伤发生率明显低于对照组(OR=0.45,95%CI=0.26～0.76,P=0.003);治疗和随访期末,CSFD组的总病死率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(OR=0.67,95%CI=0.31～1.44,P=0.31);CSFD组6例发生CSFD治疗引起的相关并发症,对照组0例发生,但两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(OR=4.38,95%CI=0.75～25.49,P=0.10)。结论:CSFD预防和治疗TAAA腔内修复术后脊髓缺血损伤疗效确切,但是证据质量和推荐等级较低。操作风险尚存在一定争议,对于有高度截瘫风险或者是已表现为截瘫的患者,实施CSFD治疗是可取的;而对于发生截瘫风险较低且存在出血等并发症的患者,应充分评估风险-获益比,谨慎操作。     

Management of peri-implantitis using a diode laser (810 nm) vs conventional treatment: a systematic review

Lasers in Medical Science - The purpose of this study was to systematically assess clinical studies on the effect of using a diode laser in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Study question was...     

Periocular rejuvenation using a unique non-ablative long-pulse 2940 nm Er:YAG laser

Lasers in Medical Science - The periocular region is challenging for cosmetic laser surgeons. Surgery and laser resurfacing have traditionally been used to correct periorbital lines and wrinkles....     

胃癌术后腹腔引流有效性和安全性的系统评价

目的 评价胃癌术后腹腔引流的有效性和安全性。方法采用Cochrane系统评价方法,检索PubMed（1976—2008）、EmbaSe（1982．2008）、Cochrane library（2007年第3期）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM1979—2008）、中文科技期刊全文数据库（CSJD1989—2008）和中国期刊全文数据库（CJFD1994-2008）,并辅以手工检索和其他检索;由两名评价员独立评价并交叉核对纳入研究的质量．采用RevMan4．2．10软件进行Meta分析。结果初检47篇文献,最终纳A3篇RCT进行分析。共计338例胃癌患者,其中全胃切除160例,次全胃切除178例;术后不放腹腔引流患者167例。Meta分析结果显示：放腹腔引流与不放腹腔引流相比,不良事件（分别为肺部感染、切口感染、腹腔脓肿、吻合口瘘和住院死亡）发生率差异无统计学意义,其OR值和95％CI分别为[1．23（0．49～3．07）、1．09（0．36～3．29）、1．28（0．28～5．8）、1．53（0．25～9．42）和1．78（0．37-8．56）]。两组术后进食时间和术后住院天数的WMD值和95％CI分别为[0．12（-0．11-0．35）和0．65（0．03～1．26）]。结论胃癌术后可能没有放腹腔引流的必要性。     

胃癌术后腹腔引流有效性和安全性的系统评价

% CI分别为[0.12(-0.11～0.35)和0.65(0.03～1.26)].结论 胃癌术后可能没有放腹腔引流的必要性.     

长脉宽1064nm Nd：YAG激光治疗黄褐斑疗效观察

目的：探讨长脉宽1064nm Nd：YAG激光治疗黄褐斑的临床疗效和安全性。方法：选取12例面部黄褐斑患者,采用长脉宽1064nm Nd：YAG激光,光斑直径5mm,脉宽0.3～0.4ms,能量13～15J/cm2,频率7～10Hz,全面部每次扫描约6000～12000个脉冲,共治疗10次,每2周1次,术后严格防晒。每次治疗前采用MASI评分和前后照片比较改善效果。结果：12例经过10次治疗,黄褐斑患者均获得不同程度改善,其中3例的改善率达到了60%,5例达到50%以上的改善。无1例出现严重副反应,同时还有改善皮肤质地的作用,80%以上的患者表示满意。结论：长脉宽1064nm Nd：YAG激光治疗黄褐斑疗效确切,安全性高,无明显副作用,是一种治疗黄褐斑安全、有效的新方法。     

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia: A systematic review

Oligoasthenozoospermia is a common factor leading to male infertility. Acupuncture has been applied for treating male infertility for several thousand years in China, but clinical evidence of its efficacy and safety in treating oligoasthenozoospermia is yet to be established. This review aimed to systematically assess the evidence on the effect of acupuncture in males with oligoasthenozoospermia. Databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SINOMED, CNKI, Wanfang database and Cochrane Library) were searched to identify related studies published before 30th June 2019. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and Jadad score was adopted to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Twelve randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with 1,088 participants were included in this review. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis, but it was not possible due to considerable clinical heterogeneity among the included studies. According to the narrative analysis, acupuncture or acupuncture combined with another intervention was effective in improving the semen quality based on the included studies. However, this result should be interpreted with caution due to high risk. The methodological quality of most included studies was low. The current evidence on acupuncture for oligoasthenozoospermia is inadequate to draw a solid conclusion due to the poor methodological quality. Rigorous full-scale RCTs are needed to validate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating oligoasthenozoospermia.     

脉冲射频术治疗腰骶神经根性疼痛疗效及安全性的系统评价和Meta分析

目的 系统评价脉冲射频术(pulsed radio frequency,PRF)治疗腰骶神经根性疼痛(lumbosacral radicular pain,LRP)的有效性及安全性.方法 计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、Medline、Embase、Cochrane Library、Cochrane对照试验注册库以及(WHO ICTRP)和Clinical Trial两个临床试验注册库中有关PRF治疗LRP的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RTC),时限为建库至2020年10月.采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具行方法学质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件行Meta分析.结果 共纳入8项PRF治疗LRP的RTC,涉及334例受试者.PRF组与对照组对比:①有效性:疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分降低,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).②安全性:不良事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);8项研究均报告未发生严重不良事件.结论 与常规治疗相比,PRF在缓解LRP方面可能具有良好的疗效.但受纳入样本量和方法学质量的限制,上述结论仍有待更多高质量的研究予以验证.     

长脉冲Nd：YAG l064nm激光对耳后皮肤扩张期间的脱毛效果观察

目的：观察激光对耳后皮肤扩张期间的脱毛疗效。方法：应用长脉冲可调脉宽Nd：YAG 1064nm激光治疗仪进行治疗。术中从低能量开始,至毛发从毛孔溢出,毛囊焦化为止,在耳后乳突区皮肤扩张过程中进行脱毛治疗。结果：32例脱毛患者均取得了理想的效果,一般1～2个月可有部分毛发再生,但毛发细小、色淡,需再次治疗2～3次,即可完全达到脱毛的目的。结论：长脉冲Nd：YAG 1064nm激光进行扩张期脱毛是安全的,较耳廓再造术后脱毛效果更明显,更容易祛除转移的扩张皮肤上的毛发,特别是耳后隐窝内的毛发更容易处理,使得激光操作简单。     

Efficacy and safety of expanded hemodialysis in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review

BackgroundExpanded hemodialysis (HDx) is a new dialysis modality, but a systematic review of the clinical effects of using HDx is lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of HDx for hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsPubMed, the Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for prospective interventional studies comparing the efficacy and safety of HDx with those of high flux HD or HDF in HD patients.ResultsEighteen trials including a total of 853 HD patients were enrolled. HDx increased the reduction ratio (RR) of β2-microglobulin (SMD 6.28%, 95% CI 0.83, 1.73, p = .02), κFLC (SMD 15.86%, 95% CI 6.96, 24.76, p = .0005), and λFLC (SMD 22.42%, 95% CI, 17.95, 26.88, p < .0001) compared with high flux HD. The RR of β2-microglobulin in the HDx group was lower than that in the HDF group (SMD −3.53%, 95% CI −1.16, −1.9, p < .0001). HDx increased the RRs of κFLC (SMD 1.34%, 95% CI 0.52, 2.16, p = .001) and λFLC (SMD 7.28%, 95% CI 1.08, 13.48, p = .02) compared to HDF. There was no significant difference in albumin loss into the dialysate between the HDx and HDF groups (SMD 0.35 g/session, 95% CI −2.38, 3.09, p = .8).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis indicated that compared with high-flux HD and HDF, HDx can increase the clearance of medium and large-molecular-weight uremic toxins. And it does not increase the loss of albumin compared with HDF.     

Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in treatment of IgA nephropathy: a systematic review

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in treatment of IgA nephropathy. Methods The Cochrane library, PubMed, EMBASE, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, CNKI and VIP were searched from the time when the databases were established to March 31, 2018. Reports on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on treating IgAN with MMF were collected. Data were extracted and assessed independently by three reviewers and the methodological quality of included RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. The Meta analysis of homogeneous RCTs was managed by using Stata 12.0. Results Nine RCTs, of which two RCTs were assessed as A-level studies scoring from 4 to 7 points, six RCTs were assessed as B-level studies scoring from 2 to 3 points, and one RCT was assessed as C-level study with scores less than 2 points, were enrolled in the study. Important outcomes of this systematic review were described as follows: (1) Compared to placebo plus ACEI/ARB or ACEI/ARB monotherapy, MMF plus ACEI/ARB did not reduce the incidence of increased serum creatinine and ESRD, but increased the partial remission rate of urinary protein (OR=2.59, 95%CI 1.01-6.65, P=0.049. (2) No significant difference was detected in the efficacy of reducing urinary protein for MMF monotherapy or MMF plus glucocorticoid (GC) compared to GC monotherapy. (3) MMF showed no significant difference in the efficacy of reducing urinary protein compared to LEF or CTX, but lower incidence rate of serum creatinine increasing than that of CTX group (OR=0.21, 95%CI 0.04-1.07, P=0.043. (4) Different levels of adverse reactions occurred in each treatment group with MMF, but most symptoms were mild, and recovered gradually after reducing or withdrawing MMF. Conclusions MMF monotherapy shows a superiority in curing IgAN compared to ACEI/ARB, but no significant superiority compared to GC. MMF can replace a part of the effect of GC when used in combination with GC and can reduce the dosage of GC compared to GC monotherapy. Additionally, MMF displays no better short-term efficacy than LEF or CTX, but a better long-term efficacy and fewer side effects than CTX. And the side effects occurred in the treatment groups with MMF are mostly mild, and disappear gradually after reducing or stopping the use of the drug. MMF is a safe and effective drug for the treatment of IgAN.