Development of the Attitudes About Romance and Mate Selection Scale*

The 32‐item Attitudes About Romance and Mate Selection Scale (ARMSS) was developed to measure constraining beliefs about mate selection. Using factor analysis, seven factors were identified roughly corresponding to Larson's (1992) constraining beliefs about mate selection. The final instrument consisted of four distractor items to help disguise the nature of the instrument plus 28 items on seven subscales: (a) One and Only, (b) Love Is Enough, (c) Cohabitation, (d) Complete Assurance, (e) Idealization, (f) Ease of Effort, and (g) Opposites Complement. Reliability and validity evidence was demonstrated. Results showed few gender differences in the degree to which constraining beliefs about mate selection are held by single young adults. However, significant differences were found when age, religious affiliation, and ethnicity were considered. Implications for using the ARMSS in premarital counseling and education are discussed.     

Development of the Health and Weight Attitudes Scale

Objective

To develop and validate an instrument to assess attitudes toward Health at Every Size (HAES) principles.

When an Adoption Disrupts: A Study of Public Attitudes*

The disruption or dissolution of an adoption affects the child, family, and adoption worker. Families make this decision only after repeated efforts at saving the placement. However, a national telephone survey of 916 members of the general public in the U. S. revealed that only 23% believe parents should be permitted to return an adopted child when the child has severe behavior problems; 58% felt parents should be required to keep the child; 12% said “it depends;” and 7%“didn't know” or did not give an answer. Members of the public older than 29 years and with some college education were more likely to see disruption or dissolution as acceptable. The implications of these findings for adoption research, practice, and policy development are discussed.     

Validation of the Perceptions of Teasing Scale (POTS) in a Preadolescent Sample: Associations With Attitudes Toward Physical Activity

This study investigated the construct validity of the Perceptions of Teasing Scale (POTS) in a sample of 381 preadolescent children (mean age = 10.8 years). Children completed the POTS and self-report measures of attitudes toward physical activity (PA). Anthropometric data were collected as a part of a standard school health assessment. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling supported the validity of the POTS. Children who experienced more teasing about abilities and competency reported increased negative attitudes and fewer positive attitudes toward PA. Children who reported more appearance-related teasing endorsed more negative attitudes about PA. Results indicate that the POTS is a valid measure of teasing among preadolescent children and that teasing may be an important target for prevention and intervention efforts to increase PA among children.     

我国公立医院财务治理的实证分析：基于规模扩张视角

文章主要从床位规模、大型医疗设备配置及基本建设投资等规模扩张的3个方面对我国公立医院财务治理的现状进行了实证分析,发现公立医院的规模扩张在满足患者医疗需求的同时也增加了医院的运营风险,提出应不断优化公立医院财务治理环境和完善公立医院财务治理机制以提高公立医院财务治理的效能.     

综合医院市场导向测评量表的研制

目的探索和开发我国医院市场导向测评量表,了解医院服务模式在理念和行动方面的现状。方法课题组采用外部引进、内部调整的方法形成我国综合医院市场导向的测评量表,对20家三级综合医院展开现场调查。结果量表包含3个维度：顾客满意、市场信息的产生和传播、对市场信息的反应：内部一致性信度为0．898．运用因子分析检验建构效度,前3个因子累积解释了67．81％的信息;顾客满意维度评分高于对市场信息的反应。市场信息的产生和传播评分较低：不同岗位的员工对市场导向观念评分差异存在统计学意义。结沦研制的量表具有较好的信度、内容效度和建构效度．能较好地反映不同医疗机构的市场导向现状和差异．     

Development and Validation of Questionnaires on Professional Drivers’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Various Medications’ Influence on Driving Ability

IntroductionProfessional drivers’ knowledge about driving-impairing medications is not satisfactory. The aim of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of the questionnaires designed to measure the knowledge and attitude of professional drivers about the influence of various medications on driving ability.MethodsThe questionnaires for assessing professional driver’s knowledge (performance-based) and attitudes about influence of various medications on driving abilities were developed by creating the item pool, testing reliability and validity, and factor analysis. The study was conducted as a multicenter, cross-sectional study in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study population consisted of professional drivers, who filled out both questionnaires in three time intervals.ResultsBoth questionnaires showed great internal consistency and temporal stability. Cronbach’s Alpha for the first questionnaire was 0.984 and for the second it was 0.944. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test for the first questionnaire confirmed sampling adequacy with its value of 0.964 and for the second questionnaire it was 0.933. Exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire showed that three factors were revealed after rotation for the first questionnaire and they explained 78.0% of variance. Both questionnaires showed high degree of correlation between scores after the first and repeated administration, Spearman’s rho coefficient of correlation for was 0.962 and 0.980.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, we believe that both questionnaires are useful tools for testing professional drivers’ knowledge and attitudes about the influence of medications on driving ability.     

江苏省58所医院员工对公立医院体制改革心态的调查分析

通过对江苏省58所二、三级医院进行专题问卷调查,分析了1960名医院领导、学科带头人和技术骨干等对公立医院体制改革的心态、期望及对具体改革模式的选择等方面的看法与意见,对公立医院体制改革的时机、可行性条件、改革的方法和模式选择、政策判断等进行探讨,对公立医院体制改革的实践操作提出建议.     

Development and Validation of the Physical Disability Sexual and Body Esteem Scale

The Physical Disability Sexual and Body Esteem (PDSBE) scale was developed to assess respondents' capacity to feel positive about their sexuality and their body while living with a physical impairment. The current paper presents four studies that were conducted to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the 10 item PDSBE scale. The first study was an exploratory factor analysis involving 348 participants with physical disabilities. The factors were: Sexual Esteem, Attractiveness to Others, and Body Esteem. The second study was a confirmatory factor analysis, with a total of 338 participants. This analysis confirmed the factor structure established in study 1. The third study revealed good test-retest reliability on a total of 47 participants with physical disabilities. The final study was conducted with 748 participants with physical disabilities and showed that the PDSBE had high reliability and good convergent and divergent validity. Mean scores showed that women scored significantly higher than men on the total PDSBE scale and on the Sexual Esteem and Attractiveness to Others subscales. Future applications for the PDSBE scale are discussed.     

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the FRAIL Scale in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Objective

To cross-culturally adapt and test the FRAIL scale in Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

Validation of the Greek Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale for Assessing Early Postpartum Adjustment

The Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale is a self- administered scale, designed for use in primary care settings to identify postpartum maternal adjustment problems regarding body image, sex, somatic symptoms, and marital relationships. Women were recruited within four weeks of giving birth. Responses to the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale were compared for agreement with responses to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a gold standard. Psychometric measurements included: reliability coefficients, explanatory factor analysis, and confirmatory analysis by linear structural relations. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to evaluate the global functioning of the scale. Of 300 mothers screened, 121 (40.7%) were experiencing difficulties in maternal adjustment and maternal attitudes. Scores on the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale correlated well with those on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The internal consistency of the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale, Greek version—tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient—was 0.859, and that of Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.820. Findings confirmed the multidimensionality of the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale, demonstrating a six-factor structure. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.610, and the logistic estimate for the threshold score of 57/58 fitted the model sensitivity at 68% and model specificity at 64.6%. Data confirmed that the Greek version of the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale is a reliable and valid screening tool for both clinical practice and research purposes to detect postpartum adjustment difficulties.     

Comparison Between the CR10 Borg's Scale and the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) During an Arm-Cranking Exercise

Two subjective assessment scales (VAS and Borg's CR10) are compared in a group of 15 young and healthy subjects performing an arm-cranking incremental steady-state exercise. Arm-ache and breathlessness were evaluated at each step, together with the measurement of heart rate (Hr) and blood lactate (Bl). Both arm-ache and breathlessness show a slight positively accelerating increase with workload as evaluated by CR10, while there exists a linear increase by VAS. A very good linear correlation (0.99, p < 0.05) was found between subjective assessments given on the CR10 and a simple combination of Hr and Bl. Reproducibility of both the scales and of the physiological variables was found to be good.     

Development of the Greek Sexuality Attitudes Questionnaire–Learning Disabilities (GSAQ-LD)

The Greek Sexuality Attitudes Questionnaire–Learning Disabilities (GSAQ-LD) was developed as a research instrument for use with a Greek sample in order to assess its attitudes towards the sexuality of people with and without learning disabilities (LD). The 45-item, Likert-type questionnaire consists of four different scales, each of which indicated satisfactory item characteristics, adequate reliability and homogeneity, and preliminary support for criterion-related validity.     

A validation study of the Italian version of the Attitudes Toward Obese Persons (I-ATOP) questionnaire

ObjectivesWeight bias is defined as negative attitudes towards, and beliefs about, others because of their weight. Like other forms of stigma, weight stigma has a harmful impact on health, including depressive symptoms, disordered eating, body image disturbances and poor quality of life. Several instruments measuring weight-related attitudes have been developed, such as the Attitudes Toward Obese Persons (ATOP). The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the ATOP (I-ATOP).MethodsThe ATOP was adapted into Italian following the back-translation procedure. A total of 800 participants (M_age = 31.40; 54.9% females) completed the I-ATOP alongside the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on half of the sample, while the remaining half was selected to cross-validate the resulting solution via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Factorial invariance tests across gender were computed using multi-group CFA.ResultsEFA suggested a one-factor structure with four items excluded due to their low standardised loadings. The trimmed model was cross-validated showing an acceptable fit to the data: MLRχ2 = 159.467 (df = 81); RMSEA = 0.049; CFI = 0.939; TLI = 0.910; SRMR = 0.046. An omega coefficient of 0.818 confirmed the strong reliability of the I-ATOP. Convergent validity was demonstrated by a significant and moderate correlation with the WBIS. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender were established.ConclusionsI-ATOP demonstrated to be a valid and reliable instrument useful for both clinical and research practices, as well as to support the development of educational and therapeutic actions able to reduce the stigma among the general public.     

The Israeli Sexual Behavior Inventory (ISBI): Scale Construction and Preliminary Validation

This study describes the construction and preliminary validation of the Israeli Sexual Behavior Inventory (ISBI). The ISBI was primarily designed to assess the impact of sexual problems, chronic illness and disability on sexual functioning and experience. Scales were designed to measure three areas of healthy sexual functioning and three areas of sexual dysfunction for both males and females. To provide normative data to which clinical samples can be compared, a large randomly selected sample from an adult male and female population was used for scale construction and preliminary validation. Scale reliabilities, intercorrelations between the ISBI scales, comparisons between the above sample and a clinical sample provide evidence of the ISBI's reliability and validity.     

Item Reduction and Psychometric Validation of the Oily Skin Self Assessment Scale (OSSAS) and the Oily Skin Impact Scale (OSIS)

IntroductionDeveloped using focus groups, the Oily Skin Self Assessment Scale (OSSAS) and Oily Skin Impact Scale (OSIS) are patient-reported outcome measures of oily facial skin.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to finalize the item-scale structure of the instruments and perform psychometric validation in adults with self-reported oily facial skin.MethodsThe OSSAS and OSIS were administered to 202 adult subjects with oily facial skin in the United States. A subgroup of 152 subjects returned, 4 to 10 days later, for test–retest reliability evaluation.ResultsOf the 202 participants, 72.8% were female; 64.4% had self-reported nonsevere acne. Item reduction resulted in a 14-item OSSAS with Sensation (five items), Tactile (four items) and Visual (four items) domains, a single blotting item, and an overall oiliness item. The OSIS was reduced to two three-item domains assessing Annoyance and Self-Image. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity of the final item-scale structures. The OSSAS and OSIS scales had acceptable item convergent validity (item-scale correlations >0.40) and floor and ceiling effects (<20%). Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.83 to 0.89 for the OSSAS and 0.82 to 0.87 for the OSIS, demonstrating excellent internal consistency. The a priori test–retest reliability criterion (intraclass correlation [ICC] ≥0.7) was met for one of the three OSSAS domains and one of the two OSIS domains. OSSAS and OSIS domains distinguished among groups that differed in patient-reported facial oily skin severity (P < 0.0001), and bother associated with oily skin (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe OSSAS and OSIS versions tested in this study have been found to have strong psychometric properties in this patient sample (adults with self-reported oily facial skin), as assessments of self-reported oily facial skin severity and its emotional impact, respectively.     

论公立大医院规模扩张与建立新型医疗服务体系的冲突

新医改方案提出要进一步完善医疗服务体系,其重要任务之一是完善以社区卫生服务为基础的新型城市医疗卫生服务体系,明确各级各类医院的功能和职责。而当前各公立大医院纷纷在进行不同程度不同形式的规模扩张。文章认为公立大医院无限规模扩张的方向与建立并完善新型医疗服务体系的目标是相悖的,公立大医院的规模扩张既抢占了政府资源与市场资源,又不利于自身的经营,一定程度上阻碍了新型医疗服务体系的建立与完善。