聚唾液酸的水解与唾液酸的纯化

在HPLC分析唾液酸质量分数的基础上,选择盐酸作为大肠杆菌发酵液中聚唾液酸的水解用酸.在85℃水浴.盐酸浓度为0.1mol/L的条件下,水解2h,水解率平均可达95%以上.水解液中和过滤后,用离子交换色谱分离与冷冻干燥得到唾液酸产品.质谱及HPLC分析证实所得产品中主要成分是N 乙酰神经氨酸,其纯度达96.4%.     

Acid phosphatase.

Acid phosphatase is a ubiquitous lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyses organic phosphates at an acid pH. Although the postpuberteral prostatic epithelial cell contains a uniquely high concentration of acid phosphatase, cellular components of bone, spleen, kidney, liver, intestine, and blood also contain this enzyme. The discovery that prostatic carcinoma cells often retain a high concentration of acid phosphatase characteristic of the normal postpubertal gland led to the recognition of the first clinically useful tumor marker. Recognition that the serum of patients with prostatic malignancy frequently contains an increased concentration of this enzyme has resulted in persistent efforts to identify the source, to accurately quantitate the level of serum acid phosphatase, and to determine the clinical significance of those levels. A variety of enzymatic and immunologic techniques have been employed to measure acid phosphatase. In the past, various substrates and inhibitors were utilized to increase specificity and sensitivity. Emphasis has now shifted to the development of radioimmunoassay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis in an attempt to enhance those parameters. Judgment of their efficacy awaits further testing and evaluation. The clinical significance of normal and abnormal serum acid phosphatase is constantly being reevaluated. In order to maximize the value of laboratory measurements, the clinical and pathologic status of the patient, the techniques employed in obtaining and storing the blood sample and the procedures used in analysis must be known and considered. Traditionally, the serum prostatic acid phosphatase has been thought to originate in the prostatic cancer cell and has been used to stage the disease. Until recently, elevated serum values have been accepted as an indication of extraprostatic disease, and were thought to rule out lesions confined to the prostate. The elevation of acid phosphatase levels in patients with disseminated disease or the failure of elevated levels to return to normal with treatment have been assumed to indicate a poor prognosis. However, unequivocal documentation of the validity of these statements is not available. Newer immunologic techniques for measuring acid phosphatase may significantly alter our current concept of its role as a tumor marker.     

Substitution of Acetic Acid for Hydrochloric Acid in the BicarbonateBuffered Dialysate

Abstract: In a multicenter study including 5 dialysis units, blood acetate changes during 4 h dialysis sessions in 141 patients treated with a 4 mM acetate-containing bicarbonate dialysate (ABD) were evaluated and compared to the values of 114 patients using an acetate-free bicarbonate dialysate (AFD). Acetate-free bicarbonate dialysate was delivered by a dialysis machine from the mixing with water for dialysis of a 1/26.2 bicarbonate concentrate, and a 1/35 acid-concentrate in which acetic acid was substituted for hydrochloric acid (Soludia, Fourquevaux, France). This new type of dialysate was routinely in use for 3 years on average (range, from 2 to 5 years). All patients fasted before and during dialysis. Blood samples were withdrawn at the start and at the end of dialysis sessions. The acetate plasma concentration was determined using the acetyl-CoA synthetase enzymatic method (Boehringer, Manheim, Germany). In patients treated with ABD whose predialysis blood acetate levels were in the physiologic range of ≤100 μM (n = 113), the acetate plasma concentration increased from a predialysis mean value of 22 ± 3 μM to a postdialysis mean value of 222 ± 11 μM in 88 patients (78% of patients) whereas the acetate plasma concentration changes remained in the range of physiologic values from 21 ± 6 to 58 ± 7 μM in the other 25 patients. In contrast, patients treated with AFD whose predialysis blood acetate levels were in the physiologic range (n = 108), acetate plasma concentration increased from a predialysis mean value of 49 ± 6 μM to 160 ± 19 μM in only 13 patients (12% of patients) whereas acetate plasma concentration changes remained in the range of physiologic values of 23 ± 2 to 41 ± 3 μM in most of the patients of this group. In this study, a significant number of patients, whether receiving standard or acetate-free bicarbonate dialysates, exhibited an extremely high acetate plasma concentration at the start of the dialysis session. Hyperacetatemia was controlled with AFD in patients whose predialysis acetate plasma concentration of 316 ± 82 decreased to 55 ± 23 μM (n = 6) at the end of the dialysis session whereas the acetate plasma concentration remained high when the predialysis concentration was 580 ± 76 μM, with a postdialysis concentration of 233 ± 39 μM (n = 28). It is concluded that in patients whose predialysis blood acetate levels were in the physiologic range, acetate-containing bicarbonate dialysate induces hyperacetatemia whereas postdialysis blood acetate remains in the normal range in such dialysis patients treated with acetate-free dialysate. Chronic hyperacetatemia, which could be found in dialysis patients, is well controlled by dialysis using an acetate-free dialysate.     

Human Seminal Biochemistry: Fructose, Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid, Acid Phosphatase and their Relationship with Sperm Count

Seminal concentration of fructose, ascorbic acid, citric acid and acid phosphatase were measured in azoospermic, oligozooserpmic and control males. No significant differences were found among the groups evaluated. The data obtained in the present study suggest that in the absence of infection and androgen deficiency, the failure of the germinal line of the testis is not correlated with alterations of the adnexal glands.
Biochemie des menschlichen Spermaplasma: Konzentration von Fruktose, Ascorbinsäure, Zitronensäure und der sauren Phosphatase sowie ihre Relation zur Spermatozoenzahl

Zusammenfassung

Die Konzentration von Fruktose, Ascorbinsäure, Zitronensäure und der sauren Phosphatase im Spermaplasma bei Patienten mit Azoospermie, Oligozoospermie, sowie einer Kontrollgruppe wurden gemessen. Es fanden sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Gruppen.
Die Untersuchungsergebnisse lassen vermuten, daß außer bei Infektion und androgenem Defizit, die Minderfunktion des testikulären Keimepithels in keiner Beziehung zu Veränderungen an den männlichen Adnexen steht.     

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Protects Kidneys against Acetylsalicylic Acid Toxicity in Rats

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced renal damage in rats. Materials and methods: A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into five groups, with eight rats in each group—group 1: control, not receiving any medication; group 2: ASA (50 mg/kg/day); group 3: ASA (50 mg/kg/day) + CAPE (20 μg/kg/day); group 4: ASA (100 mg/kg/day); and group 5: ASA (100 mg/kg/day) + CAPE (20 μg/kg/day). ASA and CAPE were given via orogastric gavage for 5 days. The total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity of the blood samples and kidney tissues were determined. Histopathological examinations of the kidneys were performed using light microscopic methods. Results: The TOS level in the serum of rats and kidney tissues given ASA (groups 2 and 4) significantly increased, but the levels of TAC and PON-1 in these tissues significantly decreased in group 4 when compared with the control rats (p < 0.05). The levels of TAC and PON-1 in the kidney tissues increased and the levels of TOS decreased in the CAPE treatment groups (groups 3 and 5) when compared with the rats in the no CAPE treatment groups (groups 2 and 4). The PON-1, TAC, and TOS values reverted to normal levels in group 5 when compared to group 4 (p < 0.05). These results were supported by histopathological observation. Conclusion: Oxidative stress plays an important role in ASA-induced nephrotoxicity, and CAPE may protect against ASA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.     

Pro-inflammatory Phospholipid Arachidonic Acid/Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ratio of Dysmetabolic Severely Obese Women

Background

Fatty acids (FAs) and adipokines such as adiponectin or interleukin-6 (IL-6) are known to modulate inflammation and the development of metabolic syndrome. Whether FA composition assessed in plasma triacylglycerols (TAGs), phospholipids (PLs) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and adipose tissue (AT) PLs differed between dysmetabolic and non-dysmetabolic severely obese women remains to be established. Whether the plasma and/or AT arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio in the PL sub-fraction may be associated with adipokine AT gene expression needs to be examined.

Methods

FA composition was measured in plasma lipid classes and in the TAG and PL sub-fractions of subcutaneous abdominal and omental ATs of severely obese women paired for age and adiposity but showing a dysmetabolic profile (n?=?13) or not (n?=?14). FA profile was assessed by gas chromatography. Plasma and AT mRNA concentrations of adiponectin and IL-6 were measured by ELISA and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively.

Results

Plasma adiponectin and FA concentrations in the NEFA sub-fraction were, respectively, lower and higher in dysmetabolic than in non-dysmetabolic women (p?p?p?Conclusions Metabolic dysfunction is associated with a pro-inflammatory phospholipid AA/EPA ratio in plasma and ATs, and an altered adiponectin secretion that could contribute to developing metabolic syndrome.     

生物合成共轭亚油酸菌种的筛选与鉴定

从传统泡菜和生牛乳中筛选出一株乳酸菌ZS2058能生物合成共轭亚油酸,经API系统鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillusplantarum).该菌株在MRS培养基中将质量分数11.6%的亚油酸(1.024mg/mL)转化为共轭亚油酸,经气相色谱分析证实c9,t11 18∶2占75.9%,t10,c12 18∶2占24.1%.