经伤椎椎弓根置钉椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折

[目的]探讨经伤椎椎弓根一侧置钉一侧植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。[方法]自2007年5月到2010年5月,采用后路椎弓根钉复位内固定结合经伤椎置钉,椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折72例,所有患者术前、术后及随访均行X线检查,测量并比较Cobb角、伤椎椎体压缩率。[结果]所有患者随访7～38个月,平均16个月。术后椎体压缩率、Cobb角得到改善。内固定未见松脱断裂,植骨均获得骨性融合。[结论]采用伤椎一侧置钉复位内固定结合一侧经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折可有效地防止内固定失败以及脊柱骨折复位丢失和后凸畸形,是治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折较理想的方法。     

经椎板开窗减压复位加经椎弓根植骨和内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的分析经后路椎弓根内固定加经椎板开窗椎管减压和经椎弓根椎体植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效。方法对28例胸腰椎新鲜爆裂性骨折,患者应用后路椎弓根内固定复位,椎板开窗减压+经伤椎椎弓根向椎体前缘植入自体骨及同种异体骨或人工骨。结果术后椎体高度及生理弧度恢复满意,经随访18个月,椎体高度无明显丢失,椎体无塌陷变形,无内固定松动、断裂。结论经后路椎弓根内固定+经椎板开窗减压复位+经椎弓根椎体植骨治疗胸腰椎新鲜爆裂性骨折,手术安全,效果满意,术后并发症低,远期脊柱稳定性好。     

椎弓根钉固定减压植骨椎体成形治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨采用椎弓根钉系统复位固定有限减压自体骨行椎体成形术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折的方法和价值。方法21例新鲜胸腰椎骨折先行椎弓根钉固定,后路有限减压骨块复位,后经椎弓根向复位椎体内植入自体骨颗粒。结果术后椎体高度和生理弧度恢复满意,未有神经症状加重,经随访椎体高度和生理弧度无丢失、无固定松动、断裂。结论椎弓根钉系统内固定加自体骨植骨椎体成形术,手术安全,效果满意,价格低廉,值得应用。     

短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合硫酸钙人工颗粒骨椎体成形术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨短节段椎弓根钉复位固定结合硫酸钙人工颗粒骨椎体成形术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折的方法和临床意义。方法采用后路短节段椎弓根螺钉撑开复位后经单侧或双侧伤椎椎弓根向复位的椎体内植入硫酸钙人工颗粒骨35例,术后观察骨折椎体前后缘及椎体中央高度压缩率变化,Cobb角改善情况及并发症。结果术后末次随访测得椎体前、后缘及中央高度压缩率及Cobb角,与术前相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而与术后即刻相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。25例脊髓神经不完全损伤患者,按美国脊髓损伤协会标准评定,术后神经功能均有1级或1级以上的恢复,骨折椎体高度恢复并维持良好,无植骨操作引起的神经血管并发症。结论后路短节段椎弓根钉复位内固定结合硫酸钙人工颗粒骨椎体成形术能恢复椎体高度及强度,改善椎体经终板塌陷的复位效果,且更安全,不会渗漏至椎管内造成严重并发症。     

椎弓根钉固定结合伤椎自体骨椎体成形和横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨椎弓根钉固定结合伤椎自体骨椎体成形和横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用后路椎弓根钉撑开复位后经伤椎单侧或双侧椎弓根自体骨植入椎体成形和横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折69例.结果 均顺利完成手术无症状性并发症发生.45例脊髓神经不完全损伤患者,按美国脊髓损伤学会标准评定,术后神经功能均有1级或1级以上恢复.术后末次随访测得椎体前、后缘及中央高度压缩率及Cobb角,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而与术后即刻相比无统计学意义(P>0.05).骨折椎体高度恢复并维持良好,Cobb角有显著改善.结论 后路椎弓根钉撑开复位后经伤椎单侧或双侧椎弓根自体骨植入椎体成形和横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折是一种安全、有效的方法,它可重建并维持脊柱稳定性,提高疗效.     

后路减压、椎弓根钉复位固定经伤椎椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折

目的 探讨后路减压、椎弓根钉复位固定并经伤椎椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 对47例胸腰椎压缩骨折患者行后路减压,椎弓根钉复位、内固定,并经伤椎双侧椎弓根植入碎骨块X线片评价术前、术后及末次随访时椎体高度、后凸角按Frankel分级和腰背疼痛等症状的改善情况进行评估结果 患行均获随访,时间6～38(10±2)个月内固定无失效,脊柱生理弧度恢复满意,腰椎高度和后凸矫正度无明显再丢失、神经功能及腰背痛均明显改善,腰椎骨折愈合良好.结论 后路减压、椎弓根钉复位固定并经伤椎椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折可减少内固定失败和矫正度的丢失,临床疗效满意.     

钉棒系统加自体骨移植治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效观察

[目的]应用椎弓根钉棒系统加自体骨移植治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折与单纯采用内固定钉棒系统进行比较，寻找一种适合人体胸腰椎压缩性骨折的治疗方法。[方法]采用内固定钉棒系统同时行椎板减压共治疗126例胸腰椎骨折病人，其中54例患者在骨折椎体复位后经椎弓根植入自体骨碎块。[结果]54例胸腰椎骨折病人术后X线证实椎弓根钉位置好，伤椎复位及外形好。术后神经症状减轻或无加重现象。经8个月～3a6个月随访，症状明显减轻。X线证实伤椎内植骨者比单纯钉棒复位者矫正度数丢失明显减少。[结论]采用椎弓根钉棒系统加自体骨移植治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折能有效维持椎体高度，使内固定螺丝钉断钉率显著降低。防止远期脊柱后凸畸形，减少伤部椎管内神经的继发性损伤。     

椎弓根固定加植骨治疗胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤

目的探讨后路椎弓根固定加后外侧植骨治疗急性胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤的疗效。方法对29例急性胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤病人,后入路手术椎弓根钉复位固定,后外侧植骨。结果29例中27例获得随访,随访时间6个月-3年。椎体形态恢复,椎体前缘高度由术前平均49%恢复到术后85%;Cobb’s角由术前平均29.3°恢复到术后平均4.8°。优良率为77.7%。结论后路椎弓根固定加后外侧植骨治疗急性胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤,具有手术时间短、内固定牢靠、固定节段少的优点,并且重建了脊柱的稳定性,神经功能恢复满意。     

经伤椎置钉辅以椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗老年胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折

目的 探讨经伤椎椎弓根二侧置钉辅以经二侧椎弓根椎体内同种异体骨颗粒植骨治疗老年胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用经伤椎椎弓根二侧置钉辅以经二侧椎弓根椎体内同种异体骨颗粒植骨方法 治疗21例老年胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折,均为单节段椎体骨折.结果 随访12～24个月,平均16个月.术前Cobb角、伤椎前后缘高度比分别是310、38.5%,术后分别是2.50、95%,术前术后差别有统计学意义.术后摄片复查,所有骨折复位及椎体高度恢复满意,术后随访均未见伤椎高度明显丢失和内固定松动、断裂现象发生.结论 经伤椎椎弓根二侧置钉辅以经二侧椎弓根椎体内同种异体骨颗粒植骨治疗老年胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折,不仅骨折复位及椎体高度恢复满意,而且降低了内固定松动和断裂概率,是治疗老年胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折的有效方法.     

后路短节段固定结合伤椎固定经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰段骨折

[目的]探讨后路短节段结合伤椎椎弓根钉固定加伤椎经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折的临床疗效。[方法]对本院2003~2007年收治的胸腰段骨折治疗进行回顾,总共随访到96例病例。28例采用单纯后路短节段椎弓根螺钉复位固定,68例患者采用短节段固定结合单侧伤椎螺钉固定结合经椎弓根植骨,其中38例植骨材料为人工骨,30例为自体髂骨植骨。按照美国脊柱创伤研究组提出的胸腰椎损伤严重性评分标准(thoraco lumbar injury severityscore,TLISS)分别对各组病例进行评分,术前、术后以及随访期间正侧位X线片,测量伤椎椎体前后缘高度,胸腰段后凸Cobb′s角,前后椎体高度比,应用SPSS 11.0进行统计学分析。[结果]术后平均随访16.8个月(12~20个月),所有骨折复位效果满意。单纯后路短节段固定比经椎弓根植骨结合后路短节段固定组高度丢失多,术后Cobb′s角的矫正能力差,应用人工骨与自体骨植骨组间无明显差异。[结论]经椎弓根植骨结合后路短节段固定加伤椎固定重建了椎体的高度,增加了脊柱前柱稳定性,可有效的防止内固定失败和矫正度丢失,是一种治疗胸腰段骨折的有效方法。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。