Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background

Prior research on the risk of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has yielded conflicting results. Furthermore, we have an incomplete understanding of how much depression versus respiratory factors contributes to poor health-related quality of life.

Methods

Among 1202 adults with COPD and 302 demographically matched referents without COPD, depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Score. We measured COPD severity using a multifaceted approach, including spirometry, dyspnea, and exercise capacity. We used the Airway Questionnaire 20 and the Physical Component Summary Score to assess respiratory-specific and overall physical quality of life, respectively.

Results

In multivariate analysis adjusting for potential confounders including sociodemographics and all examined comorbidities, COPD subjects were at higher risk for depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Score ≥6) than referents (odds ratio [OR] 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-6.1; P <.001). Stratifying COPD subjects by degree of obstruction on spirometry, all subgroups were at increased risk of depressive symptoms relative to referents (P <.001 for all). In multivariate analysis controlling for COPD severity as well as sociodemographics and comorbidities, depressive symptoms were strongly associated with worse respiratory-specific quality of life (OR 3.6; 95% CI, 2.7-4.8; P <.001) and worse overall physical quality of life (OR 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2; P <.001).

Conclusions

Patients with COPD are at significantly higher risk of having depressive symptoms than referents. Such symptoms are strongly associated with worse respiratory-specific and overall physical health-related quality of life, even after taking COPD severity into account.     

早期护理干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的效果分析

目的探讨早期护理干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的影响。方法根据患者的个体化差异,在进行抗感染、畅通呼吸道、化痰、解痉等综合处理的基础上有针对性地制订实施平稳期的护理干预（COPD健康宣教、呼吸功能锻炼、全身运动的耐力锻炼、长期氧疗、营养支持、情志护理等）。结果患者咳嗽、咳痰、气短症状均较前减轻,急性发作次数减少;生活质量提高,患者满意度高。结论早期护理干预能改善症状,提高生活质量,有利于整体护理质量的提高。     

Illness Perceptions and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

This study aimed at identifying cognitive and emotional representations relevant for improving health care communication and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One-hundred-seventy-one COPD outpatients completed questionnaires on illness perceptions and QoL. After controlling for the effects of age, pulmonary function, and dyspnea, patients with decreased attention to symptoms, with more positive beliefs about the effects and outcomes of their illness, and with less strong emotional reactions to the illness, had higher QoL scores. The results of this study are discussed in relation to the associations found in other illnesses.     

Health-Related Quality of Life in Long Term Oxygen-Treated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induces changes in daily activities and mood. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures are of particular relevance in the management of such patients, but predictors of HRQL have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to seek factors predicting HRQL in severe COPD patients under long term oxygen therapy (LTOT). The pulmonary function parameters at the start of LTOT were studied as potential predictors of future HRQL. HRQL was assessed after an average of 40 months follow-up by the Duke Health Profile (Duke) and by the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Sixty-one patients (47 males and 14 females) with a mean age of 66 years were included in the study. Stepwise multiple regression analyses conducted in each HRQL dimension identified few significantly predictive factors. By the Duke, higher Self-esteem scores were associated with higher Pao ₂ (p < 0.01) and with older age (p < 0.05); higher Social Health scores were associated with older age (p < 0.005), and higher Pain scores were associated with a higher FEV₁/FVC ratio (p < 0.05). By the SGRQ, the Activity score correlated with FEV₁/FVC (p < 0.05). The proportion of the variance in each score accounted for by covariates in the model did not exceed 10%. No other significant regression models could be identified using the other HRQL dimensions. Our findings demonstrated weak relations between lung function at the start of LTOT and some dimensions of HRQL measured by the Duke and the SGRQ at the end of follow-up. Accepted for publication: 9 July 1996     

Physical and Psychological Correlates of Functioning in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

We studied the contribution of coping and illness perceptions to outcome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a longitudinal study, 64 patients completed the Medical Outcomes Study Instrument and the Illness Perception Questionnaire. Data on coping and severity of illness (spirometry) were also collected. Regression analyses showed that first-time illness perceptions and coping significantly contributed to the prediction of social functioning, mental health, health perceptions, total functioning score, and prediction of visits to the outpatient clinic and prescribed medication 1 year later. These results have important implications for the medical management of patients with COPD.     

胸腔镜手术对慢性阻塞性肺病伴肺大疱患者的治疗研究

目的探讨胸腔镜手术对慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）伴肺大疱的治疗效果。方法 2007年10月—2010年6月我科收治的52例COPD伴肺大疱患者行胸腔镜下肺大疱切除术,其中伴气胸者10例;若胸腔内粘连尚可分离、肺大疱呈局限性非均质性分布,予完全胸腔镜下肺大疱切除;若胸腔镜探查发现胸腔内广泛粘连、肺大疱太多或弥漫分布以及麻醉难以实现单肺通气,则采用胸腔镜加小切口肺大疱切除术;并对手术前后患者的肺功能进行对比分析。结果术后随访44例3～36个月,患者胸闷伴轻度呼吸困难等症状明显改善,术前气胸者无气胸复发;术后3、6个月肺功能均较术前明显改善（P〈0.05）。结论胸腔镜手术治疗COPD伴肺大疱疗效明显。手术指征、手术方法、围术期的策略以及管理对治疗效果起决定作用。     

乙酰半胱氨酸对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者急性加重率及生活质量的影响研究

目的观察乙酰半胱氨酸对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者急性加重率及生活质量的影响。方法选择2012年4月—2013年8月在鄂尔多斯市中心医院门诊就诊的稳定期COPD患者86例,随机分为治疗组43例和对照组43例。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用乙酰半胱氨酸。观察两组患者肺功能指标、急性加重情况,并采用中文版COPD评估测试(CAT)问卷评价其生活质量。结果两组患者治疗前及治疗后6、12个月第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%)、FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者中文版CAT问卷总分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后6、12个月,治疗组患者中文版CAT问卷总分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前及治疗6个月后,两组患者急性加重率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗12个月后,治疗组急性加重率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论长期口服乙酰半胱氨酸可减少COPD患者急性加重率,改善其生活质量。     

Measuring Patient and Clinician Perspectives to Evaluate Change in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Context Many treatments aim to improve patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and many care guidelines suggest assessing symptoms and their impact on HRQoL. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding which HRQoL outcome measures are appropriate to assess, and how much change on those measures depict significant HRQoL improvement. Objective We used triangulation methods to identify and understand clinically important differences (CIDs) for the amount of change in HRQoL that reflects both health professionals and patients’ values, among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Design, Setting, and Participants We incorporated three perspectives: (1) an expert panel of physicians familiar with the measurement of HRQoL in COPD patients; (2) 610 primary care COPD outpatients who completed baseline and bimonthly follow-up HRQoL interviews over the 12-month study; and (3) the primary care physicians (PCPs; n = 43) of these outpatients who assessed their patients’ disease at baseline and at subsequent PCP visits during the year long study. Measurements The Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item survey (SF-36, version 2.0), and global assessments of change from each of the three perspectives for all HRQoL domains. Results With few exceptions, the CRQ was able to detect small changes at levels reported by the patients (1–2 points) and their PCPs (1–5 points). These results confirm minimal important difference standards developed in 1989 by Jaeschke et al. anchored on patient-perceived changes in HRQoL. In general, the expert panel and PCP CIDs were larger than the patient CIDs. Conclusion This triangulation methodology yielded improved interpretation, understanding, and insights on stakeholder perspectives of CIDs for patient-reported outcomes.     

无创通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者撤机中的应用

目的：探讨无创通气应用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者有创机械通气撤机中的作用。方法：62例cOPD合并呼吸衰竭应用有创通气后撤机拔管的患者，分为治疗组32例，对照组30例，治疗组在常规药物治疗基础上应用无创通气，对照组应用常规治疗（药物治疗＋吸氧）。观察两组的血气分析指标、再插管率、住院天数及住院病死率等。结果：治疗组给予无创通气后与对照组比较动脉血气PaO2明显上升（P〈0．05），PaCO2下降明显（P〈0．05），两组再插管率为9%和30％（P〈0．05），住院天数为（32±10）d和（38±15）d（P〈0．05），住院病死率为6．2％和23．3％（P〈0．05）。结论：撤机拔管后立即开始应用无创通气的患者再插管率下降，住院天数减少及病死率下降。     

Streptococcus Pneumoniae Urinary Antigen Test and Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Background : Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common bacteria identified in sputum obtained from subjects with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Purpose : To examine the urinary pneumococcal antigen test in subjects admitted with AECOPD and subjects with COPD, and to evaluate its relationship with AECOPD. Methods: Urine samples from 82 subjects with AECOPD involved in 122 consecutive hospitalizations were tested. Additionally, 196 consecutive subjects with stable COPD were tested a total of 607 times at intervals greater than 6 months. Results: Pneumococcal antigen was positive in 14 (17.1%) out of all 82 subjects first hospitalized with AECOPD. It was positive in 7 (20.6%) out of the 34 subjects with pneumonic exacerbations of COPD, and in 7 (14.6%) out of the 48 subjects with non-pneumonic exacerbations of COPD. Two subjects with non-pneumonic S. pneumoniae-related AECOPD were identified, and they both tested positive. A total of 607 urinary antigen tests were performed on stable COPD subjects, and 16 (2.6%) specimens were positive. Colonization by S. pneumoniae was found in the sputum of only 25% of the COPD subjects with positive urinary pneumococcal antigen test results. Conclusion: The results of the pneumococcal urinary antigen test were similar for AECOPD subjects with and without pneumonia. This test may be a useful method for preventing the under-diagnosis of S. pneumoniae-related exacerbations of COPD. The detection of pneumococcal antigen in the urine is not related to the persistent colonization of the respiratory mucosa by S. pneumoniae.     

基因重组生长激素在COPD急性加重期的治疗

目的　研究基因重组生长激素 (r- h GH)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)急性加重期治疗中的临床应用价值。方法　 30例 COPD急性加重期患者随机分成生长激素组和对照组。两组均给予抗感染、氧疗及营养支持等。生长激素组在上述治疗基础上加用 r- h GH,每晚 1次皮下注射 ,连续应用 7～ 10日。观察各组的治疗疗程 ,治疗前后的血糖峰值及胰岛素的用量。结果　生长激素组平均疗程 9.9± 3.8日 ,少于对照组 (13.8± 4 .3日 ) (p<0 .0 5 ) ,两组治疗前后的血糖峰值及胰岛素用量无显著差异。结论　 r- h GH能够缩短 COPD急性加重期患者的治疗疗程     

噻托溴胺对慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者生存质量的评价

目的观察中度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期吸入噻托溴胺的临床疗效。方法将40例中度COPD(Ⅱ～Ⅲ级)稳定期患者随机分为2组,治疗组(噻托溴铵组)(n=20,思力华,Boehinger Ingelheim,18ug,1次/d,早晨给药)和对照组(n=20,按需使用短效抗胆碱能支气管扩张剂),整个观察期为1年,观察2组用药3个月、6个月和1年后肺功能的变化以及StGeorge′s呼吸问卷(SGRQ)等情况,通过6min步行试验(6MWT)观察运动耐力的变化以及随访3～12个月急性加重的例次及住院例次。结果用药3个月后治疗组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC及FEV1占预计值(%)比对照组明显改善,2组比较差异有显著性(P0.05),治疗组运动耐力(6MWT)增加,SGRQ评分比较治疗组明显下降,随访3～12个月治疗组急性加重例次明显减少,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P0.05);治疗组用药后3个月、6个月和1年后肺功能比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论吸入噻托溴胺可以改善稳定期(Ⅱ～Ⅲ级)COPD患者肺功能与运动耐力,减少急性加重的发作,改善生活质量,不良反应少,使用方便,值得临床广泛推广。     

Pulmonary Rehabilitation does not Improve Objective Measures of Sleep Quality in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abnormal sleep duration is associated with poor health. Upwards of 50% of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) report poor sleep quality. The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on self-reported sleep quality is variable. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on objectively measured sleep quality (via actigraphy) in people with COPD. Sleep quality was assessed objectively using the SenseWear Armband (SWA, BodyMedia, Pittsburgh, PA), worn for ≥4 days before and immediately after completing an 8-week pulmonary rehabilitation program. Sleep characteristics were derived from accelerometer positional data and registration of sleep state by the SWA, determined from energy expenditure. Forty-eight participants (n?=?21 male) with COPD (mean (SD), age 70 (10) years, mean FEV₁ 55 (20) % predicted, mean 45 (24) pack year smoking history) contributed pre and post pulmonary rehabilitation sleep data to this analysis. No significant differences were seen in any sleep parameters after pulmonary rehabilitation (p?=?0.07–0.70). There were no associations between sleep parameters and measures of quality of life or function (all p?>?0.30). Sleep quality, measured objectively using actigraphy, did not improve after an 8-week pulmonary rehabilitation program in individuals with COPD. Whether on-going participation in regular exercise training beyond the duration of pulmonary rehabilitation may influence sleep quality, or whether improving sleep quality could enhance rehabilitation outcomes, is yet to be determined.