牛樟叶总多糖对慢性酒精性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用及机制研究

目的 研究牛樟叶总多糖对大鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用与机制。方法 60只雄性大鼠按体质量随机分为对照组、模型组、多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊（10.944 mg/kg）组及牛樟叶总多糖高、中、低剂量（50.0、37.5、25.0 mg/kg）组。对照组和模型组给予蒸馏水,其余各组给予不同剂量药物。给药0.5 h后,除对照组外,其余各组均ig体积分数为56%红星二锅头,共给药8周。采用苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察各组肝组织形态及结构的变化,测定各组大鼠血清白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、丙氨酸基转移酶（ALT）、谷氨酸基转移酶（AST）、三酰甘油（TG）及肝组织匀浆液中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平。免疫组织化学法测定大鼠肝脏沉默信息调节因子1（SIRT1）、磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶α（p-AMPKα）表达水平。蛋白质印迹法测定肝组织SIRT1、AMPKα、p-AMPKα、甾醇调节元件结合蛋白1c（SREBP1c）水平。结果 病理切片结果表明,牛樟叶总多糖能改善大鼠肝组织病理变化。与模型组相比,牛樟叶总多糖各剂量组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、TG、ALT、AST水平均明显降低（P<0.05）;GSH水平明显升高（P<0.05）。牛樟叶总多糖可提高SIRT1表达及AMPKα的磷酸化水平。结论 牛樟叶总多糖对慢性酒精性肝损伤有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化应激、抑制炎症反应、调节SIRT1/AMPK信号通路有关。     

川芎嗪通过AMPK/SIRT1通路介导的自噬在急性肝衰竭中的作用及其机制研究

目的 探讨川芎嗪对脂多糖（LPS）/D-氨基半乳糖（D-GalN）诱导的急性肝衰竭小鼠的作用及其机制。方法 将C57BL/6J小鼠随机分对照组、模型组、川芎嗪组、川芎嗪联合SIRT1抑制剂（EX527）组,每组10只。通过ip LPS/D-GalN构建急性肝衰竭小鼠模型,检测血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）的水平;苏木精–伊红（HE）染色检测肝组织病理学变化;实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）检测肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子‐α（TNF‐α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、IL-1β和环氧化酶-2（COX-2）mRNA水平;检测肝组织中氧化应激因子谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量;Western blotting检测肝组织中沉默调节蛋白1（SIRT1）、磷酸化单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶α（p-AMPK）α/AMPKα蛋白和自噬相关蛋白人微管相关蛋白1轻链3（LC3）-II/LC3-I、p62的水平。结果 与模型组比较,川芎嗪组小鼠血清ALT和AST水平均显著降低,肝细胞坏死区域以及炎症细胞浸润明显减少,肝组织中MDA、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、COX-2 mRNA和p62蛋白水平均显著降低,SOD、GSH、SIRT1、p-AMPKα/AMPKα、LC3-II/LC3-I蛋白水平显著升高（P<0.05）。EX527处理后显著逆转了川芎嗪对急性肝衰竭小鼠的作用。结论 川芎嗪通过抑制LPS/D-GalN诱导的急性肝衰竭小鼠炎症反应发挥肝脏保护作用,其机制可能与AMPK/SIRT1信号通路和自噬有关。     

甜菜碱对糖尿病足大鼠创面愈合及AMPK/SIRT1/FoxO1通路的影响

目的 探讨甜菜碱对糖尿病足大鼠创面愈合及AMPK/SIRT1/FoxO1通路的影响。方法 SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、二甲双胍（200 mg·kg^-1，ig给药）组和甜菜碱低、高剂量（50、100 mg ·kg^-1，ip给药）组，每组18只。除对照组外，其余组大鼠均构建糖尿病足模型。检测大鼠空腹血糖水平和创面愈合率；ELISA法检测大鼠血清炎性因子白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平；HE染色检测大鼠创面皮肤组织病理学改变；免疫组化染色检测大鼠创面皮肤组织中CD31蛋白阳性表达；试剂盒法检测大鼠创面皮肤组织中氧化应激指标超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量；Western blotting检测大鼠创面皮肤组织中AMP依赖的蛋白激酶（AMPK）/沉默信息调节因子相关酶1（SIRT1）/叉头框蛋白1（FoxO1）通路相关蛋白表达。结果 给药结束后，与对照组比较，模型组大鼠空腹血糖、血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平以及创面皮肤组织中MDA含量和p-FoxO1/FoxO1值显著升高，创面愈合率和创面皮肤组织中CD31阳性表达率、SOD活性、p-AMPK/AMPK值和SIRT1蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.05），且创面皮肤组织病理学损伤严重；与模型组比较，甜菜碱低、高剂量组和二甲双胍组大鼠空腹血糖、血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平以及创面皮肤组织中MDA含量和p-FoxO1/FoxO1值显著降低，创面愈合率和创面皮肤组织中CD31阳性表达率、SOD活性、p-AMPK/AMPK值和SIRT1蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.05），且创面皮肤组织病理学损伤均有不同程度改善，且甜菜碱高剂量组和二甲双胍组上述指标变化更为明显。结论 甜菜碱可激活AMPK/SIRT1/FoxO1通路，减轻糖尿病足大鼠氧化应激和炎症反应，促进血管生成，加速创面愈合。     

盐酸小檗碱对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠组织TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10表达的影响

目的 观察盐酸小檗碱（berberine hydrochloride,BBR）对溃疡性结肠炎模型小鼠结肠组织TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10表达的影响,探讨其治疗UC的可能作用机制。方法 BALB/c小鼠随机分为模型对照组、BBR低、高剂量组、柳氮磺吡啶阳性对照组和空白对照组。采用右旋葡聚糖硫酸钠法复制UC小鼠模型后,每日灌胃给药1次,连续7 d。实验期间每天观察小鼠一般情况并评估疾病活动指数（DAI）;末次给药后解剖观察并评估结肠大体形态损伤指数（CMDI）;组织切片染色,光镜下观察结肠组织的病理学变化并评估组织损伤指数（TDI）;ELISA酶联法检测结肠组织中细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10的含量。结果 与模型对照组比较,BBR治疗组小鼠的结肠炎临床表现明显改善,其DAI、CMDI和TDI评分显著下降,小鼠结肠组织中TNF-α、IL-1β水平均明显降低,IL-10水平升高（P<0.05）。结论 BBR能有效治疗UC小鼠的结肠炎症,其机制可能与其抑制结肠组织中TNF-α和IL-1β、提高IL-10的表达有关。     

牙周干预对糖尿病伴牙周炎患者血清脂联素及炎症细胞因子水平的影响

目的 探讨牙周干预对糖尿病伴牙周炎患者血清脂联素（APN）及炎症因子水平的影响。方法 选择2015年4月至2016年12月西安医学院第二附属医院口腔科收治的糖尿病伴牙周炎患者220例,按照随机数字表法分为干预组（牙周干预治疗）与对照组,每组110例。检测治疗前后三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）、血清APN水平。结果 干预组经牙周干预3个月后,牙周指标、FBG、TG、FINS、HOMA-IR、hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6均明显低于基线水平及对照组,HDL-C、血清中APN明显高于基线水平及对照组,经比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 牙周干预能明显改善2型糖尿病伴牙周炎患者牙周炎症、糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗。     

基于AMPK/NLRP3通路介导的细胞焦亡探究牡荆素对大鼠分泌性中耳炎的抑制作用

目的 探究牡荆素对分泌性中耳炎大鼠的影响及调控机制。方法 将50只雄性SD大鼠，随机分为对照组、模型组、牡荆素（3、12 mg/kg）组、牡荆素高剂量＋AMPK抑制剂（Compound C）组，每组各10只。除对照组外，其余各组大鼠均采取内毒素法复制分泌性中耳炎大鼠模型。造模成功后，牡荆素3、12 mg/kg组分别ip相应剂量的牡荆素；牡荆素＋Compound C组ip 12 mg/kg的牡荆素后，立即ip 20 mg/kg Compound C；对照组和模型组分别ip等量生理盐水。连续给药21 d后，苏木素–伊红（HE）染色观察中耳黏膜组织病理学改变；酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-18（IL-18）水平；听觉脑干诱发电位仪测定大鼠听力功能；Western blotting检测中耳黏膜组织腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶/NOD样受体蛋白3（AMPK/NLRP3）通路及细胞焦亡相关蛋白表达。结果 与模型组相比，牡荆素3、12 mg/kg组大鼠中耳黏膜组织病理损伤减轻，中耳黏膜厚度、听力反应阈值、血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-18水平均降低（P＜0.05），细胞焦亡相关蛋白[Caspase-1 p20、焦亡执行蛋白消皮素D-N（GSDMD-N）、IL-1β、IL-18]及NLRP3蛋白表达下调，p-AMPK蛋白表达上调（P＜0.05），且呈剂量相关性。与牡荆素12 mg/kg组相比，Compound C能够逆转牡荆素对上述指标的改变。结论 牡荆素能够抑制分泌性中耳炎大鼠炎症反应，减轻中耳黏膜病理性损伤，其机制与抑制AMPK/NLRP3通路介导的细胞焦亡相关。     

IL-22BP对肠炎相关性结直肠癌小鼠脾单核细胞和结肠组织炎症因子表达的影响

目的 探讨IL-22BP对肠炎相关性结直肠癌（colitis-associated colorectal cancer, CAC）小鼠脾单核细胞和结肠组织炎症因子表达的影响。方法 建立AOM/DSS诱导的CAC小鼠模型,观察给予IL-22BP后小鼠成瘤情况、结肠病理学改变、脾脏和结肠脏器指数,检测脾脏和结肠组织炎症因子IFN-γ、IL-17A、IL-22、IL-6和TNF-α的变化。结果 与模型组相比,IL-22BP组小鼠肿瘤数量明显减少,病理检测显示肿瘤评分和HAI评分均显著降低,脾脏指数和结肠指数显著下降,脾单核细胞和结肠组织 IFN-γ、IL-6和TNF-α水平增高,IL-17A水平降低,IL-22水平无明显改变。结论 IL-22BP可以调节CAC小鼠脾脏和结肠组织炎症因子IFN-γ、IL-17A、IL-6和TNF-α的水平。     

片仔癀对酒精诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠自噬和NLRP3炎症小体活化的影响

目的 研究片仔癀（Pien-Tze-Huang,PTH）对酒精（alcohol）诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法 将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为空白组、酒精组、PTH低（75 mg·kg^-1）、中（150 mg·kg^-1）、高（300 mg·kg^-1）剂量组,连续灌胃给药3 d（2次/天）。除空白组外,其余各组小鼠于末次给药2 h后灌胃酒精（0.12 mg/10 g）进行造模;24 h后各组小鼠摘眼球取血以测定ALT、AST和TG水平;并取肝组织进行HE检查;qRT-PCR检测肝组织中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α mRNA表达水平;Western blot检测NLRP3、Caspase-1 p20、IL-18、Beclin1、LC3蛋白表达水平。结果 与模型组相比,PTH可明显减轻酒精诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤病理情况,降低血清中ALT、AST和TG的含量（P<0.05或P<0.01）;PTH可明显降低酒精诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠肝组织中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α mRNA的表达水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）;PTH可明显上调酒精诱导急性肝损伤小鼠肝组织中LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值以及Beclin1的蛋白表达水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）,下调NLRP3、Caspase-1 p20、IL-18蛋白表达水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 片仔癀可能通过调控自噬和NLRP3炎症小体活化而减少炎症介质释放,进而改善酒精诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤。     

商陆皂苷甲抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路改善大鼠动脉粥样硬化的作用研究

目的 研究商陆皂苷甲（EsA）对动脉粥样硬化（AS）大鼠的作用及机制。方法 将SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、辛伐他汀片（SIMT,10mg·kg^-1,阳性对照）组和EsA高、低剂量（10、2.5mg·kg^-1）组,每组6只。对照组给予普通饲料,其余各组以高脂饲料联合ip7×10⁵U·kg^-1维生素D₃（在第3天注射）制备AS模型。造模的同时ip给药,每天1次。采用全自动生化分析仪检测各组大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平;ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平;HE染色法观察胸主动脉病理变化;Western blotting法检测胸主动脉Toll样受体4（TLR4）和髓样分化因子88（MyD88）蛋白表达;免疫组化法检测胸主动脉核因子κB（NF-κB） p65阳性细胞表达。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β水平显著升高（P＜0.01）,HDL-C水平显著降低（P＜0.01）;胸主动脉血管内皮损伤严重,可见明显蓝色钙状斑块;胸主动脉TLR4和MyD88蛋白表达以及NF-κB p65阳性细胞表达显著升高（P＜0.01）。与模型组比较,EsA高、低剂量组大鼠血清血脂和炎性因子水平明显改善（P＜0.05、0.01）;胸主动脉血管内皮大致恢复正常,蓝色钙状斑块减少;胸主动脉TLR4和MyD88蛋白表达以及NF-κB p65阳性细胞表达显著降低（P＜0.05、0.01）。结论 EsA可能通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路对大鼠AS发挥改善作用。     

红花黄色素对佐剂型关节炎大鼠的抗炎作用研究

目的 观察红花黄色素对佐剂型关节炎大鼠的抗炎作用并探讨其机制。方法 用弗氏完全佐剂建立佐剂型关节炎大鼠模型,分为正常组、模型组、红花黄色素100,50,25 mg·kg^-1组,每组10只。排水法检测大鼠足趾肿胀度,Elisa法检测炎症因子IL-1β及TNF-α的水平,western blot法检测滑膜组织中IL-1β和TNF-α蛋白的表达。结果 与模型组相比,红花黄色素各组能显著降低佐剂型关节炎大鼠的足趾肿胀度（p<0.01或P<0.05）,降低血清中IL-1β及TNF-α含量水平（p<0.01或p<0.05）,还能降低滑膜组织中IL-1β及TNF-α蛋白的表达（p<0.01或p<0.05）。结论 红花黄色素能显著缓解佐剂型关节炎大鼠的关节炎症,其机制与下调炎症因子IL-1β及TNF-α的表达有关。     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱.方法 采用Agilent SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃,洗脱时间为80 min.采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)对检测出色谱进行...     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

INDIRECT PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF THE CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC SUBSTANCE / -SOTALOLIN VITRO: REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYMES FROM BLOOD AND THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Inhibitory effects of the class III antiarrhythmic compound / -sotalol on acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) isoenzymes of both erythrocytes and the human caudate nucleus and on serum cholinesterase (ChE; EC 3.1.1.8) were studiedin vitrousing a spectrophotometric kinetic assay with acetylthiocholine (ASCh) as substrate. Sotalol concentrations in the assays varied from 0.32 to 3.2m . All isoenzymes studied were inhibited by / -sotalol in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. Double reciprocal plots of the reaction velocity against varying ASCh concentrations revealed that / -sotalol reduced substrate affinity (apparent Michaelis constant, KM, increased) of serum ChE, but did not change the enzyme's maximal rate of ASCh hydrolysis (V_max). Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of serum ChE was of the competitive type (rate constant for reversible competitive inhibition: K_i=0.51m ). In contrast, / sotalol reduced the maximal reaction velocity of the AChE isoenzyme from the central nervous system (caudate nucleus), but had no influence on substrate affinity of the enzyme (K_Mwith ASCh unchanged) indicating purely non-competitive inhibition kinetics (rate constant of reversible non-competitive inhibition: K_i′=0.44m ). / -sotalol inhibition of erythrocyte AChE was of mixed competitive/non-competitive type (K_i=0.31m , K_i′=0.49m ). Non-competitive / -sotalol inhibition of caudate nucleus AChE and the non-competitive component of erythrocyte AChE inhibition cannot be overcome by increased concentrations of the cholinergic transmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Peak / -sotalol plasma levels as described in the literature for both humans (15μ ) and experimental animals (dogs: 18μ ; rats: 260μ ) as well as maximal myocardial concentrations of the substance (dogs: 46μ ; rats: 478μ ) are in the range of about 2% to 100% of the sotalol inhibition rate constants determined in the present paper for cholinesterase isoenzymesin vitro. Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of ACh hydrolysisin vivomay contribute to both the well known antiarrhythmic potential and proarrhythmic side effects of the compound.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

AMELIORIATION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HEPATOCYTE INJURY BY CYCLOSPORINE A

Cyclosporine A, beside its current applications, possesses potential hepatoprotective effects. This study was directed to investigate the effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment on hepatic injury due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and -galactosamine. Rats were injected by two successive doses of Cyclosporine A (5mgkg⁻¹day⁻¹). Six hours after the second dose, 1mlkg⁻¹of CCl₄was administered i.p. Effects associated with Cyclosporine A pretreatment were examined by using isolated hepatocytes and hepatocytes that were immobilized and continuously perfused. -Galactosamine (5m ) was added directly to the perfusion medium. After isolation, hepatocytes were examined histologically by light and electron microscopy, immobilized and perfused for further metabolic functional activity evaluation. Cyclosporine A pretreatmentin vivoproduced hepatoameliorative effects of various degrees which were statistically significant as manifested by: (1) an increased trypan blue exclusion after CCl₄; (2) an improved ureagenesis after CCl₄; (3) a reduction in the lipid droplets accumulation in the cytoplasm produced by CCl₄administration; (4) well preserved cytoplasmic organelles as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum ER, nuclear chromatin structures that were altered by CCl₄; and (5) an increased hepatocytes survival in the agarose gel matrix, reduction of LD leakage and improvement of ureagenesis after -galactosamine addition to the perfusion medium. The beneficial effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment in modifying hepatotoxicity of chemical insults merits further studies.