肌少症-骨量减少/骨质疏松与类风湿关节炎患者合并脊柱骨质疏松性骨折发生的相关性研究

目的探讨肌少症、骨量减少/骨质疏松在类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者合并脊柱骨质疏松性骨折发生中的临床意义。方法选择2017年1月至2018年12月我院383例RA患者和158名健康者,记录RA临床、实验室指标。摄脊柱(T5-L5) X线正侧位片并采用半定量法判断有无脊柱骨折发生,以生物电阻抗法测四肢骨骼肌质量,双能X线骨密度吸收仪测定髋部和腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)。383例RA患者根据其骨骼肌质量指数(skeletal muscle mass index,SMI)和BMD分为4组:无肌少症且无骨量减少/骨质疏松组64例,有肌少症无骨量减少/骨质疏松组44例,无肌少症有骨量减少/骨质疏松组86例,有肌少症且有骨量减少/骨质疏松组189例,分析肌少症、骨量减少/骨质疏松在RA患者合并脊柱骨质疏松性骨折发生的意义。结果 RA组脊柱骨折发生率显著高于对照组(21.1%vs 3.8%,χ~2=24.954,P0.001),RA组较对照组骨量减少/骨质疏松和肌少症发生率均明显增高(71.8%vs 41.8%,χ~2=43.287; 60.8%vs 9.0%,χ~2=120.093,P均0.001),且4组RA间脊柱骨折发生率有明显差别(4.7%、11.4%、17.4%和30.7%,χ~2=23.947,P0.001)。非参数检验显示4组RA间关节压痛、压痛指数、血沉、DAS28、糖皮质激素日剂量和疗程、HAQ及sharp评分均有明显差异(P均0.05)。多元Logistic回归结果显示:年龄(OR=1.073,P0.001,95%CI:1.041～1.107)和糖皮质激素的使用(OR=3.221,P=0.001,95%CI:1.663～6.242)是RA患者发生脊柱骨折的危险因素,而腰椎BMD(OR=0.093,P=0.009,95%CI:0.015～0.555)和SMI (OR=0.716,P=0.032,95%CI:0.527～0.973)是RA患者发生脊柱骨折的保护因素。结论 RA患者肌少症、骨量减少/骨质疏松和脊柱骨质疏松性骨折发生率均明显增高,肌少症、骨量减少/骨质疏松与RA患者的脊柱骨质疏松性骨折的发生密切相关。     

金天格胶囊对老年高血压患者骨密度、骨代谢及骨硬化蛋白水平的影响

目的探索老年高血压并骨质疏松患者口服金天格胶囊对骨密度及骨代谢指标的影响。方法选择2013年7月至2015年9月我院老年高血压并骨质疏松患者144例为研究对象,随机、双盲分为治疗组(n=72)和对照组(n=72)。治疗组患者口服金天格胶囊+钙剂,对照组口服钙剂。两组观察12个月,测定治疗前及治疗后12个月的血清骨钙素(OC)、血清Ⅰ型胶原C末端肽(s-CTX)、血清骨源性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、血清骨硬化蛋白(SCL)和骨密度值(腰椎正位、股骨颈、前臂、股骨粗隆)。结果两组骨密度及骨代谢指标参数基线值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后12个月后,两组OC、BAP及腰椎正位、股骨颈、前臂、股骨粗隆的BMD显著增大,且s-CTX、SCL水平显著降低(P0.05);而治疗组治疗后OC、BAP、sCTX、SCL及腰椎正位、股骨颈、前臂、股骨粗隆的BMD改变显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论口服金天格胶囊可以通过改变骨代谢和抑制SCL表达而提高高血压合并骨质疏松患者的骨密度。     

磁共振扩散加权成像表观扩散系数、信号强度比对腰椎骨质疏松的定量评价

目的:探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC),信号强度比(signal intensity ratio,SIR)在腰椎骨质疏松定量评价中的应用价值。方法:选取2017年5月至2019年10月接受双能X线吸收(dualenergy X ray absorption,DXA)骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),腰椎常规MRI扫描和DWI扫描检查的腰椎疾病患者175例。根据DXA骨密度T值分为骨质疏松组(64例)、骨量减少组(53例)、骨量正常组(58例)。测量比较3组腰椎L_2-L_4的ADC、SIR值;分析ADC、SIR值与BMD的相关性;采用受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线分析ADC,SIR值对腰椎骨质疏松与骨量减少,腰椎骨质疏松与骨量正常及腰椎骨质疏松的鉴别诊断价值。结果:3组ADC、SIR值比较差异均有统计学意义(F=41.386、37.114,均P=0.000);骨质疏松组ADC值低于骨量减少组、骨量正常组(t=3.540、9.069,P=0.001、0.000);骨质疏松组SIR值高于骨量减少组、骨量正常组(t=5.083、8.523,均P=0.000)。Spearman相关性分析显示:ADC值与BMD呈正相关(r=0.313,P=0.004);SIR值与BMD呈负相关(r=-0.589,P=0.000)。ROC曲线分析显示:ADC、SIR诊断腰椎骨质疏松骨量减少的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC),敏感度,特异度分别为0.742,89.1%,52.8%和0.729,89.1%,50.9%(均P=0.000);ADC、SIR诊断腰椎骨质疏松骨量正常的AUC,敏感度,特异度分别为0.815,100.0%,50.0%和0.856,65.6%,93.1%(均P=0.000);ADC、SIR诊断腰椎骨质疏松的AUC,敏感度,特异度分别为0.78,89.1%,51.4%和0.795,50.0%,94.6%(均P=0.000);均有一定诊断价值。结论:ADC、SIR能够较好地反映腰椎疾病患者BMD情况,可对骨质疏松的椎体进行定量评价,二者水平对腰椎骨质疏松具有重要的辅助诊断作用。     

中老年骨量异常人群血清骨代谢生化指标与FRAX骨折风险相关性分析

目的研究中老年骨量减少或骨质疏松人群的血清骨代谢生化指标,探讨血清骨代谢生化标志物对受试者骨折风险的影响。方法研究84例中老年骨量减少或骨质疏松受试者资料,记录相关人口统计学数据,检测受试者骨密度和血清骨代谢生化指标,使用骨折风险评估工具(FRAX)计算个体10年骨折发生的概率。根据FRAX计算结果,将受试者分为骨质疏松骨折高风险组和低风险组,t检验比较二组年龄、性别、体质量指数、骨质疏松比例、股骨颈、髋部和腰椎的骨密度以及血清骨代谢生化指标的差异; Pearson或Spearman相关分析了解各临床指标与FRAX骨折概率的相关性; Logistic回归分析影响FRAX骨折风险的因素。结果骨折高风险组的年龄、骨质疏松患者比例明显高于低风险组,股骨颈和髋部骨密度以及血清25-羟基维生素D_3[25-Hydroxyvitamin D_3,25(OH) D_3]水平明显低于低风险组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中高风险组和低风险组25(OH) D_3水平的中位数和(最小值～最大值)分别为20.61(12.19～43.24)和29.97 (11.91～72.70);年龄与两个骨折概率均呈正相关(P0.05),股骨颈和髋部骨密度以及血清25(OH) D_3水平与两个骨折概率均呈负相关(P0.05),其中25(OH) D_3水平与两个骨折概率的相关系数r值均为-0.51; Logistic回归分析显示,股骨颈骨密度和血清25(OH) D_3是FRAX骨折风险的重要相关因素。结论血清25(OH) D_3可能是预测中老年骨量减少或骨质疏松人群脆性骨折风险较敏感的骨代谢标志物。     

老年2型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与骨代谢、骨密度及骨质疏松的关系

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与骨代谢标志物、骨密度及骨质疏松的相关关系。方法选取2018-2019年于北京大学国际医院内分泌科门诊就诊及住院的年龄60岁以上的老年2型糖尿病患者,共计577人,其中男性289人,女性288人(均为绝经后女性)。对所有研究对象进行一般临床资料调查、生化指标及甲状旁腺素(PTH)、25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、骨钙素(OC)、血清I型前胶原N-末端前肽(P1NP)、I型胶原交联C-末端肽(β-CTX)测定,计算估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR),双能X线吸收法(DXA)测定股骨颈(FN)及腰椎(L1~4)骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)。将血尿酸(SUA)四分位法分层比较分析股骨颈及腰椎总BMD变化趋势,Pearson和Spearman相关分析SUA与血钙(Ca)、PTH及OC、P1NP、CTX、25(OH)D、腰椎及股骨颈BMD的关系,多因素Logistic回归分析SUA与骨质疏松的关系。结果SUA第4分组BMI、肌酐(Cr)、股骨颈及总腰椎BMD水平明显高于第1分位组,SUA第4分组eGFR水平明显低于第1分位组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析显示SUA与股骨颈BMD(r=0.082,P=0.002)、糖尿病病程(r=0.129,P=0.005)、BMI(r=0.201,P=0.000)正相关,与eGFR负相关(r=-0.434,P=0.000),Spearman相关分析显示SUA与腰椎总BMD(r=0.168,P=0.003)、Ca(r=0.147,P=0.001)正相关,与β-CTX负相关(r=-0.157,P=0.001),与PTH、25(OH)D、OC、P1NP无相关性(P>0.05)。以老年2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松为因变量,多因素Logistic回归显示,调整年龄、eGFR、BMI、HbA1c后,SUA是老年2型糖尿病患者发生骨质疏松的保护因素(P=0.039,OR=0.452,95%CI:0.212~0.962)。结论在老年2型糖尿病患者中,正常偏高的血尿酸水平可能减少骨质疏松的发生风险。     

外源性胰岛素与绝经后2型糖尿病患者腰椎骨密度的相关性研究

目的探讨使用外源性胰岛素对绝经后2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者腰椎骨密度的影响。方法选取2018年3月至2019年8月在武汉科技大学附属孝感医院内分泌科住院的182例肝肾功能正常的绝经后T2DM患者为研究对象。收集患者的一般资料、标准OGTT、IRT及血常规结果。采用双能X线骨密度仪检测腰1-4椎体骨密度,根据T值水平将研究对象分为3组:骨量正常组(T≥-1,n=49)、骨量减少组(-2.5T-1,n=67)和骨质疏松组(T≤-2.5,n=66)。结果各组年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、外源性胰岛素使用率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。其中骨质疏松组年龄大于骨量正常组和骨量减少组,骨质疏松组BMI小于骨量正常组和骨量减少组,骨质疏松组和骨量减少组外源性胰岛素使用率低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。相关性分析显示,骨密度与年龄呈负相关,与BMI呈正相关(P0.01)。有序Logistic回归分析显示,使用外源性胰岛素[OR=2.402,95%CI(1.305～4.419)]和高BMI[OR=1.171,95%CI(1.068～1.283)]是绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度的保护因素,年龄[OR=0.910,95%CI(0.875～0.945)]是绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度的危险因素(P0.01)。结论绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度与血糖水平、胰岛β细胞功能无显著相关性;外源性胰岛素对绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度的增加有益,其对骨密度的保护作用机制可能与内源性胰岛素不同。     

辛伐他汀联合依那普利对老年高血压患者骨质疏松治疗的效果观察

目的对比研究老年高血压并骨质疏松患者口服依那普利联合辛伐他汀对骨密度及骨代谢指标的效果。方法选择2013年7月~2015年9月我院老年高血压并骨质疏松患者126例为研究对象,随机、双盲分为治疗组(n=63)和对照组(n=63)。治疗组患者口服依那普利+辛伐他汀,对照组口服依那普利。两组观察6个月,测定治疗前及治疗后6个月的血清骨钙素(OC)、血清Ⅰ型胶原C末端肽(s-CTX)、血清骨源性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b(TRACP-5b)和骨密度值[腰椎正位、股骨颈、前臂、股骨粗隆]的水平。结果两组各骨密度及骨代谢指标参数基线值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组OC、BAP及腰椎正位、股骨颈、前臂、股骨粗隆的BMD水平显著增大,且s-CTX、TRACP-5b水平显著降低(P0.05),而治疗组治疗后OC、BAP、s-CTX、TRACP-5b及腰椎正位、股骨颈、前臂、股骨粗隆的BMD水平改变显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论老年高血压并骨质疏松患者给予口服依那普利和辛伐他汀治疗后6个月,较单纯口服依那普利骨密度值显著上升。     

骨质疏松症患者骨密度与血清25羟维生素D的相关性研究

目的分析骨质疏松症患者骨密度与血清25羟维生素D的相关性。方法记录397例50~97岁患者的年龄,检测腰椎1~4、左侧股骨颈、左侧股骨上端的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),检测骨质疏松4项[甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、总I型胶原氨基端前肽(procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide,P1NP)、β胶原降解产物(beta collagen degradation products,β-CTX)、N端骨钙素(N end of osteocalcin,N-MID)]及血清25羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]的水平,根据BMD水平将受试者分为骨量正常组(n=118)、骨量低下组(n=153)和骨质疏松组(n=126)。结果 (1)骨量低下组及骨质疏松组的BMD均明显低于正常骨量组(P0.01),骨质疏松组又明显低于骨量低下组(P0.01);(2)骨质疏松组25-(OH)D、PTH、P1NP、β-Crosslaps及N-CTX均明显低于正常骨量组(P0.01);(3)25-(OH)D与腰椎1~4、左侧股骨颈、左侧股骨上端的BMD、PTH、P1NP、β-CTX无相关性(P0.05),25-(OH)D与N-MID的相关系数为0.193(P0.01)。不同骨密度组间的25-(OH)D差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年人群普遍存在维生素D(vitamin D,VD)水平不足的现象,而骨质疏松症患者更为突出,其中VD严重缺乏和缺乏所占比例较大,为骨质疏松症的防治提供一定的数据参考,应注意加强宣教及防治。尚未发现25-(OH)D与骨密度之间存在着直接相关关系。     

基于定量CT对绝经后无症状冠心病患者腰椎骨密度与冠脉钙化的相关研究

目的 探讨无症状绝经后老年冠心病患者腰椎骨密度改变与冠状动脉钙化的关系并分析相关因素.方法 对112例绝经后无症状老年冠心病患者进行腰椎骨密度(BMD)的定量CT(QCT)测定,同时检测冠状动脉钙化积分(CS),并通过填写调查表了解患者的一般情况、生活习惯及其他影响冠状动脉钙化的因素.将所有患者骨密度T值分为骨量正常组、骨量减少组和骨质疏松组.采用方差分析法比较三组的临床数据及骨密度,用多元线性回归方法和多元相关分析有关因素与CS之间的关系.结果 骨质疏松组较骨量减少组、骨量正常组的年龄增大,且差异有显著性(P＜0.05),绝经年限在正常组与骨质疏松组比较中差异具有显著性(P＜0.05),BMD、冠脉总钙化积分值(TCS)三组比较存在显著性的差异(P＜0.05).而血磷(P)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)骨质疏松组虽然较骨量减少组、骨量正常组减低,但组间比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).多元线性回归显示年龄、HDL、腰椎BMD、甘油三脂(TG)对TCS有影响且P＜0.05,其中年龄、TG是冠状动脉钙化的危险因素,HDL、腰椎BMD是其保护因素,多元相关分析得出腰椎BMD与TCS存在负相关关系.结论 绝经后无症状老年冠心病患者骨量异常者较正常者有较高发生冠状动脉钙化的危险性,且低骨量或骨质疏松可能会和传统的危险因素一样用来预测心血管疾病的发生、发展.     

50例绝经后高疾病活动期的女性类风湿关节炎骨密度的临床观察

目的观察绝经后高疾病活动期的女性类风湿关节炎患者骨矿物质密度水平的变化。方法收集50例绝经后女性RA患者一般临床资料,包括年龄、RA病程、绝经年龄、ESR、CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体、DSA28评分及雌二醇水平,应用双能X线吸收法(DXA)测定50例患者腰椎L_(1-4)和左髋关节部位的骨密度,分析其骨密度(BMD)的情况。结果 1.50例绝经后女性RA的DSA28评分大于5.1,属高疾病活动期,骨质疏松组发生率52%;远高于骨量减少组(30%)及骨密度正常组(18%)。2.骨质疏松组的绝经年龄比非骨质疏松组明显提前(P=0.005),抗CCP抗体水平明显升高(P=0.037),有统计学意义,但在年龄、病程、RF、DSA28评分及雌激素方面两者无统计学差异。3.Logistic回归分析结果显示抗CCP抗体(OR值1.025,P=0.041)是绝经后高疾病活动女性RA骨质疏松的独立危险因素。4.骨质疏松组,腰椎总骨密度较髋关节显著降低(P0.001);腰椎组内比较以腰1椎体BMD最低,而后依次为腰2,腰3、腰4(P=0.0003),左髋关节组内比较以大转子BMD最低,而后依次为股骨颈、小转子(P0.0001)。结论绝经后高疾病活动期的女性RA患者存在明显的骨质疏松,以腰椎骨密度(特别L_1)下降最明显;抗CCP抗体可能是高疾病活动期的女性类RA患者发生骨质疏松的危险因素。     

Outcome of complex tibial plateau fractures with Ilizarov external fixation with or without minimal internal fixation

Purpose: To evaluate the clinico-radiological outcome of complex tibial plateau fractures treated with Ilizarov external fixation with or without minimal internal fixation. Methods: This retrospective review was conducted on all the cases of Schatzker types V and VI tibial plateau fractures treated by Ilizarov external fixation between July 2006 and December 2015 with the minimum follow-up duration of one year. There were 30 patients: 24 males and 6 females, mean age 43.33 years, and mean follow-up 3.6 years. Three of them were open fractures; 15 cases were Schatzkertype V fractures and the other 15 type VI. According to AO/OTA classification, there were 11 type C1, 12 C2 and 7 type C3 fractures. Outcome assessment was made with American Knee Society Score (AKSS) and Rasmussen''s Radiological Score (RRS) at final follow-up. Results: Out of the 30 cases, mini-open reduction was performed in 7, bone graft in 4, minimal internal fixation in 10 and knee temporary immobilisation in 11 patients. Mean duration of external fixation was 11.8 weeks. All fractures united. Pin tract infections in 7 and common peroneal neuropathy in 2 patients were self-limiting. Two patients had axial misalignment of less than 10 . At final follow-up, the mean knee range of motion was 114.7, mean AKSS 81.5 and mean RRS 16.7. On statistical analysis, Schatzker type of fractures, use of minimal internal fixation and knee-spanning did not influence the final outcome. Conclusion: Ilizarov external fixator with or without minimal internal fixation provides acceptable outcome for complex tibial plateau fractures. Care must be taken to look for minor loss of alignment, especially in Type VI Schatzker fractures after removal of the fixator. However small sample size precludes firm conclusions.     

Cullen's sign - Case report with a review of the literature

IntroductionCullen's sign is described as superficial oedema with bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the peri-umbilical region. It is also known as peri-umbilical ecchymosis.Presentation of caseWe report a case of a fifty-three year old gentleman who presented with non-specific abdominal pain. Significant bruising was present within the subcutaneous fatty tissue on the anterior abdominal wall in keeping with ‘Cullen's sign.’ Of note he denied any alcohol intake and his amylase was normal. A diagnosis of pancreatitis was made following a CT scan of his abdomen.DiscussionA search of the entire English literature using PubMed with the phrase ‘Cullen's sign’ has been performed. Papers were reviewed in relation to recognition of this clinical sign, differential diagnosis, and management.ConclusionOur case and review of the literature highlights the rarity of this clinical sign which a clinician may encounter. In addition we draw to attention the importance of having knowledge of the underlying possible conditions which may lead to this sign, and can be vital in successful acute management.     

Crohn's disease with enterolith treated laparoscopically.

Symptomatic enteroliths are relatively rare. Most occur from ingestion of undigestible materials such as pits or bones. Primary enteroliths are usually from the condition of partial bowel obstruction, diverticular type diseases such as Meckel's or congenital bands. Gallstone ileus is also a more common cause of gastrointestinal stones. Enteroliths associated with Crohn's disease is an extremely rare condition with fewer than 25 cases reported in the literature. Presented herein is such a case successfully treated laparoscopically.     

Laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy with the use of a single midline hand-assist port.

Indications for bilateral adrenalectomy are rarely present in patients with Cushing's syndrome. The laparoscopic approach to adrenalectomy provides a postoperative course that compares favorably with that of open adrenalectomy, and the hand-assisted technique may provide an additional alternative to the open approach in performing bilateral adrenalectomy.     

'Hop the skip' with extended segment intestinal biopsy in Hirschsprung's disease

INTRODUCTIONSkip segment Hirschsprung's is an extremely rare condition, with only 25 reported cases in the English language literature. Diagnosis of skip segment Hirschsprung's may be missed as it is rarely suspected at initial surgery.PRESENTATION OF CASEA case report of an infant with total colonic aganglionosis and a skip segment Hirschsprung's in the cecum is presented. A review of literature on current surgical practice is presented along with our suggested modification to the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm of this rare condition.DISCUSSIONIn our patient the initial leveling colostomy was incorrectly sited at the level of the first detected ganglionated segment. Subsequent recurrent episodes of enterocolitis led to a diagnosis of a long skip segment involving the ascending colon, cecum and terminal ileum. Correct leveling colostomy and a subsequent Duhamel procedure led to a good outcome.CONCLUSIONDetermination of the transition zone in Hirschsprung's may be incorrect if intestinal biopsies are terminated at the first evidence of ganglion cells. Extended segment intestinal biopsies should be included in the algorithm for management of long segment Hirschsprung's disease and will enable the surgeon to correctly detect rare manifestations such as skip segment disease at the initial procedure.     

原发性干燥综合征合并肾小管酸中毒患者发生骨质疏松的风险研究

目的 探讨原发性干燥综合征（primary Sjogren’s Syndrome,pSS）合并肾小管酸中毒（renal tubular acidosis,RTA）患者发生骨质疏松（osteoporosis,OP）及骨折的风险。方法 将受试者分为三组,分别为pSS合并RTA组、pSS组及健康对照组,其中pSS合并RTA组的33例受试者和pSS组的31例受试者均选自2017年-2021年在内蒙古科技大学包头医学院第一附属医院风湿免疫科接受诊疗的患者,健康对照组的31例受试者选自体检科,三组受试者的年龄及性别均无统计学差异,均行骨密度检查并评估10年内骨折风险,pSS合并RTA组与pSS组还完善了25羟基维生素D3、血钙、血钾、血磷、血沉、C-反应蛋白。结果 （1）pSS合并RTA组受试者股骨骨小梁部位的体积骨密度较pSS组明显降低（P＜0.05）;（2）pSS合并RTA组股骨颈的前、后节段、总体及股骨转子平均皮质骨厚度较pSS组明显降低（P＜0.05）;pSS组股骨颈的侧面及股骨干的前节段平均皮质骨厚度较健康对照组明显降低（P＜0.05）;（3）pSS合并 RTA组受试者股骨的BMD明显低于pSS组,pSS组受试者股骨转子的BMD明显低于健康对照组（P＜0.05）;（4）pSS合并RTA组患者10年内骨折风险明显高于pSS组及健康对照组（P＜0.05）;（5）pSS合并RTA组患者血清中的25羟基维生素D3较pSS组患者的低（P＜0.05）;pSS合并RTA组患者的血清中25羟基维生素D3与股骨颈呈正相关（r=0.359,P＜0.05）,血钙、血钾、血磷、血沉、C-反应蛋白与髋部二维BMD均无相关性（P＞0.05）;结论 pSS合并RTA发生OP及骨折的风险增加,主要表现为股骨的骨小梁BMD及股骨转子皮质骨厚度降低。     

Acute appendicitis with unusual dual pathology

INTRODUCTION

Meckel''s diverticulum is a rare congenital abnormality arising due to the persistence of the vitelline duct in 1–3% of the population. Clinical presentation is varied and includes rectal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, diverticulitis and ulceration; therefore diagnosis can be difficult.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

We report a case of acute appendicitis complicated by persistent post operative small bowel obstruction. Further surgical examination of the bowel revealed an non-inflamed, inverted Meckel''s diverticulum causing intussusception.

DISCUSSION

Intestinal obstruction in patients with Meckel''s diverticulum may be caused by volvulus, intussusception or incarceration of the diverticulum into a hernia. Obstruction secondary to intussusception is relatively uncommon and frequently leads to a confusing and complicated clinical picture.

CONCLUSION

Consideration of Meckel''s diverticulum although a rare diagnosis is imperative and this case raises the question “should surgeons routinely examine the bowel for Meckel''s diverticulum at laparoscopy?”     

Visual and Computer Software-Aided Estimates of Dupuytren'ss Contractures: Correlation with Clinical Goniometric Measurements

INTRODUCTION

Corrective surgery for Dupuytren''s disease represents a significant proportion of a hand surgeon''s workload. The decision to go ahead with surgery and the success of surgery requires measuring the degree of contracture of the diseased finger(s). This is performed in clinic with a goniometer, pre- and postoperatively. Monitoring the recurrence of the contracture can inform on surgical outcome, research and audit.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We compared visual and computer software-aided estimation of Dupuytren''s contractures to clinical goniometric measurements in 60 patients with Dupuytren''s disease. Patients'' hands were digitally photographed. There were 76 contracted finger joints – 70 proximal interphalangeal joints and six distal interphalangeal joints. The degrees of contracture of these images were visually assessed by six orthopaedic staff of differing seniority and re-assessed with computer software.

RESULTS

Across assessors, the Pearson correlation between the goniometric measurements and the visual estimations was 0.83 and this significantly improved to 0.88 with computer software. Reliability with intra-class correlations achieved 0.78 and 0.92 for the visual and computer-aided estimations, respectively, and with test–retest analysis, 0.92 for visual estimation and 0.95 for computer-aided measurements.

CONCLUSIONS

Visual estimations of Dupuytren''s contractures correlate well with actual clinical goniometric measurements and improve further if measured with computer software. Digital images permit monitoring of contracture after surgery and may facilitate research into disease progression and auditing of surgical technique.