青钱柳正丁醇部位化学成分研究

从青钱柳的正丁醇部位中得到5个化学成分，经理化常数和光谱分析推定了其中三个成分的化学结构，分别为槲皮素3-氧-α-L-鼠李糖苷、3-氧-咖啡酰基奎宁酸丁酯和3-0-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1-3）-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl，（1-2）-α-L-arabinopyranosyl]-28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1-4）-β-D-glueopyranosyl-（1-6）-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin，均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

分心木正丁醇部位化学成分研究

目的:研究分心木正丁醇部位的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱、ODS柱色谱、制备高效液相等色谱方法对分心木正丁醇萃取部位进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据分析对化合物进行结构鉴定。结果:从分心木正丁醇部位分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为:lyoniside(1)、nudiposide(2)、5'-methoxyisolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-xylopyranoside(3)、4,5-二羟基-α-萘酮-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、4,5,8-三羟基-α-萘酮-5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、4-羟基-α-萘酮-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、leonuriside A(7)、儿茶素(8)、胡萝卜苷(9)。结论:其中,化合物1~7为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

白附子正丁醇部位化学成分研究

目的研究中药白附子化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、半制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化,并通过各种波谱分析进行结构鉴定。结果从白附子正丁醇部位分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为:腺嘌呤核苷(1)、鸟嘌呤核苷(2)、2'-脱氧胸苷(3)、尿嘧啶核苷(4)、2'-脱氧尿苷(5)、胸嘧啶核苷(6)、胞嘧啶核苷(7)、尿嘧啶(8)、次黄嘌呤(9)、腺嘌呤(10)和2-氨基嘌呤(11)。结论化合物5为犁头尖属中首次发现,化合物2、3和11为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

椿皮正丁醇部位化学成分研究

目的:研究椿皮中正丁醇部位的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、HP-20和Sephadex LH-20等分离手段对正丁醇萃取部分进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据分析(1H-NMR,13C-NMR)进行结构鉴定。结果:从正丁醇萃取部分分离5个化合物。分别鉴定为白桦醇(1),熊果醇(2),白桦酸(3),红花菜豆酸(4),1-O-(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-allylbenzene(5)。结论:化合物1～4为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

高良姜正丁醇萃取部位化学成分研究

目的:分离鉴定高良姜70%乙醇水提取物的正丁醇萃取部位的化学成分。方法:利用柱色谱等分离纯化手段对高良姜正丁醇萃取部位进行化学成分分离,通过薄层色谱和波谱分析等方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从高良姜正丁醇萃取部位共分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为正丁基-β-D-吡喃果糖苷(1)、省沽油紫罗苷D(2)、异槲皮苷(3)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(4)、对甲氧基苯酚(5)、5-羟甲基糠醛(6)、对羟基苯甲醛(7)、香草醛(8)。结论:化合物6和8为从山姜属植物中首次分离得到,化合物2~4为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

皱皮木瓜正丁醇部位化学成分研究

目的研究皱皮木瓜正丁醇部位的化学成分。方法利用正反相硅胶、凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)等多种柱色谱法对皱皮木瓜正丁醇部位化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到了8个化合物,经鉴定分别为1,2,4-苯三酚(1)、没食子酸(2)、奎尼内酯(3)、5-羟基烟酸(4)、对羟基肉桂酸葡萄糖酯(5)、对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖苷(6)、(6S,9R)-长寿花糖苷(7)、吐叶醇1-O-β-D-木糖-6-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)。结论化合物1～6均为从本植物中首次分离得到。     

草豆蔻正丁醇部位化学成分

目的：对草豆蔻（Alpinia katsumadai Hayata）正丁醇部位化学成分进行研究。方法：采用不同柱色谱技术进行分离,通过光谱和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果：分离鉴定了10个化合物,其中5个为黄酮类化合物,5个为含氮化合物,分别为quercetin 3-O-（2,6-di-O-rhamnopyranosylgalactopyranoside）（1）,isorhamnetin 3-O-（2,6-di—O—rhamnopyranosylgalactopyranoside）（2）,pinocembrin-3,7-di—β-D—glucoside（3）,quercetin 3-O-robinobioside（4）,儿茶素（5）,腺苷（6）,尿嘧啶（7）烟酸（8）,次黄嘌呤（9）,腺嘌呤（10）。结论：10个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1-4,6-10为首次从山姜属植物中分离得到。     

生藤正丁醇部位化学成分

目的:研究生藤中正丁醇部位的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、HP-20和Sephadex LH-20等分离手段对正丁醇萃取部分进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据分析(1H-NMR,13C-NMR)进行结构鉴定。结果:从正丁醇萃取部分分离6个化合物。分别鉴定为孕甾-4-烯-3,20-二酮(1),3β-羟基-5β-孕甾-20-酮(2),3α-羟基-5β-孕甾-20-酮(3),2β-羟基柳珊瑚酸甲酯(4),suberosanone(5)。结论:上述化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

血三七正丁醇部位化学成分的研究

目的研究血三七(Polygonum amplexicaule D. Don var. Sinense Forbes et Hemsl)正丁醇部位的化学成分。方法血三七70%乙醇提取物正丁醇部位采用薄层色谱、正相硅胶、反相硅胶、大孔树脂、Sephadex LH-20、制备薄层、半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果从中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为大黄素(1)、槲皮素(2)、阿魏酸(3)、对羟基苯乙醇(4)、胡萝卜苷(5)、白藜芦醇(6)、苯甲醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、对甲氧基甲苯(8)、(1R,2R,4S)-p-menthane-1,2,8-triol 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9)、bergenin-11-O-p-hydroxybenzoate(10)、11-O-(4′-O-methylgalloyl)-bergenin(11)。结论化合物6～11均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

广东紫珠正丁醇部位化学成分分析

目的:研究广东紫珠的化学成分。方法:利用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MPLC等色谱方法进行化合物的分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质、波谱分析方法进行结构鉴定。结果:从广东紫珠正丁醇部位分离得到8个单体化合物,分别为6'-β-D-apiofuranosyl cistanoside C(1),acetyl forsythoside B(2),2'-乙酰基毛蕊花糖苷(3),毛蕊花糖苷(4),异毛蕊花糖苷(5),连翘酯苷B(6),金石蚕苷(7),arjunglucosideⅡ(8)。结论:化合物1~3,5,8均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

辣木叶活性成分及其药理作用研究进展

辣木(Moringaoleifera)是一种典型的热带多功能速生树种,原产于印度,现广泛种植于各热带地区.经一些研究考证,辣木在我国的记载最早可追溯到出土于新疆库车的《鲍威尔写本》(第2卷,约公元4-6世纪).辣木因含有多种活性成分如黄酮、生物碱以及糖苷、有机酸酯等以及丰富的营养成分,其突出的药用价值和经济价值,使辣木...     

Studies on the antiulcer activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on gastric ulcer models in rats

The methanol fraction of M. oleifera leaf extract was found to possess significant protective actions in acetylsalicylic acid, serotonin and indomethacin induced gastric lesions in experimental rats. A significant enhancement of the healing process in acetic acid—induced chronic gastric lesions was also observed with the extract-treated animals.     

辣木叶中多糖含量的测定

目的测定辣木叶中多糖的含量。方法采用精制辣木叶多糖测得辣木叶多糖对葡萄糖的换算因子后,采用蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定,测定波长为620 nm。结果韶关新丰引种栽培辣木中多糖含量为4.85%,供试液在4 h内显色稳定,平均回收率为98.72%,RSD=1.88%(n=4)。结论此测定方法简便可行,可作为辣木叶中多糖的含量测定方法。     

Antioxidant Activity of Moringa oleifera Tissue Extracts

Moringa oleifera is an important source of antioxidants, tools in nutritional biochemistry that could be beneficial for human health; the leaves and flowers are used by the population with great nutritional importance. This work investigates the antioxidant activity of M. oleifera ethanolic (E1) and saline (E2) extracts from flowers (a), inflorescence rachis (b), seeds (c), leaf tissue (d), leaf rachis (e) and fundamental tissues of stem (f). The radical scavenging capacity (RSC) of extracts was determined using dot‐blots on thin layer chromatography stained with a 0.4 mm 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) solution; spectrophotometric assays were recorded (515 nm). Antioxidant components were detected in all E1 and E2 from a, b and d. The best RSC was obtained with E1d; the antioxidants present in E2 reacted very slowly with DPPH. The chromatogram revealed by diphenylborinate‐2‐ethylamine methanolic solution showed that the ethanolic extract from the flowers, inflorescence rachis, fundamental tissue of stem and leaf tissue contained at least three flavonoids; the saline extract from the flowers and leaf tissue revealed at least two flavonoids. In conclusion, M. oleifera ethanolic and saline extracts contain antioxidants that support the use of the plant tissues as food sources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pharmacological studies on hypotensive and spasmolytic activities of pure compounds from Moringa oleifera

Bioassay directed fractionation of an ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves resulted in the isolation of four pure compounds, niazinin A (1), niazinin B (2), niazimicin (3) and niaziminin A + B (4 + 5). Intravenous administration of either one of the compounds (1–10 mg/kg) produced hypotensive and bradycardiac effects in anaesthetized rats. Pretreatment of the animals with atropine (1 mg/kg) completely abolished the hypotensive and bradycardiac effects of acetylcholine (ACh), whereas cardiovascular responses to the test compounds remained unaltered, ruling out the possible involvement of muscarinic receptor activation. In isolated guinea-pig atria all the compounds (50–150 μg/mL) produced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. Each compound inhibited K⁺ -induced contractions in rabbit aorta as well as ileal contractions induced by ACh or histamine at similar concentrations. Spontaneous contractions of rat uterus were also inhibited equally by all compounds. These data indicate that the direct depressant action of these compounds exhibited on all the isolated preparations tested is probably responsible for its hypotensive and bradycardiac effects observed in vivo. Moreover, spasmolytic activity exhibited by the constituents of the plant provides a scientific basis for the traditional uses of the plant in gastrointestinal motility disorders.     

辣木叶多糖的提取及分离纯化

对辣木叶多糖的提取工艺、分离纯进行了研究。结果表明:辣木叶多糖的最佳提取工艺为:温度80℃,料液比1∶20,时间1.5 h,提取次数3次;最佳提取条件下粗多糖得率达到15.86%。经脱蛋白、脱色、DEAE-52纤维素柱和Sephadex G-100柱层析,纯化得PSM2-1和PSM2-2两个多糖组分。为辣木叶多糖的深入研究提供了基础。     

Biological,nutritional, and therapeutic significance of Moringa oleifera Lam

The genus Moringa Adans. comprises 13 species, of which Moringa oleifera Lam. native to India and cultivated across the world owing to its drought and frost resistance habit is widely used in traditional phytomedicine and as rich source of essential nutrients. Wide spectrum of phytochemical ingredients among leaf, flower, fruit, seed, seed oil, bark, and root depend on cultivar, season, and locality. The scientific studies provide insights on the use of M. oleifera with different aqueous, hydroalcoholic, alcoholic, and other organic solvent preparations of different parts for therapeutic activities, that is, antibiocidal, antitumor, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, cardio‐protective, hepato‐protective, neuro‐protective, tissue‐protective, and other biological activities with a high degree of safety. A wide variety of alkaloid and sterol, polyphenols and phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavanoids and flavanol glycosides, glucosinolate and isothiocyanate, terpene, anthocyanins etc. are believed to be responsible for the pragmatic effects. Seeds are used with a view of low‐cost biosorbent and coagulant agent for the removal of metals and microbial contamination from waste water. Thus, the present review explores the use of M. oleifera across disciplines for its prominent bioactive ingredients, nutraceutical, therapeutic uses and deals with agricultural, veterinarian, biosorbent, coagulation, biodiesel, and other industrial properties of this “Miracle Tree.”     

Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Moringa oleifera

Moringa oleifera leaves, seeds, bark, roots, sap, and flowers are widely used in traditional medicine, and the leaves and immature seed pods are used as food products in human nutrition. Leaf extracts exhibit the greatest antioxidant activity, and various safety studies in animals involving aqueous leaf extracts indicate a high degree of safety. No adverse effects were reported in association with human studies. Five human studies using powdered whole leaf preparations of M. oleifera have been published, which have demonstrated anti‐hyperglycemic (antidiabetic) and anti‐dyslipidemic activities. These activities have been confirmed using extracts as well as leaf powders in animal studies. A rapidly growing number of published studies have shown that aqueous, hydroalcohol, or alcohol extracts of M. oleifera leaves possess a wide range of additional biological activities including antioxidant, tissue protective (liver, kidneys, heart, testes, and lungs), analgesic, antiulcer, antihypertensive, radioprotective, and immunomodulatory actions. A wide variety of polyphenols and phenolic acids as well as flavonoids, glucosinolates, and possibly alkaloids is believed to be responsible for the observed effects. Standardization of products is an issue. However, the results of published studies to date involving M. oleifera are very promising. Additional human studies using standardized extracts are highly desirable. © 2015 The Authors Phytotherapy Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Erectogenic and Aphrodisiac Property of Moringa oleifera: Involvement of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Enzyme

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors have been reported to improve penile erection; therefore, sEH could be useful for management of erectile dysfunction. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of 30 Indian medicinal plants were screened for their sEH inhibition potential. Fifteen extracts showed >50% inhibition when screened at 50 µg/mL in sEH inhibition assay. Methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) seeds (MEMO) was most potent with IC₅₀ 1.7 ± 0.1 µg/mL and was selected for in vitro studies on isolated rat corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and in vivo sexual behaviour studies on healthy and diabetic rats. Rats were divided into five groups, each containing six animals and treated orally with either water, vehicle (1% Tween‐20), MEMO (45 and 90 mg/kg/day for 21 days), and standard drug, sildenafil (5 mg/kg/day for 7 days). An equal number of female rats were used, and the effect of MEMO and sildenafil was compared with that of vehicle. MEMO significantly relaxed isolated rat corpus cavernosum smooth muscle at 0.1–100 µg/mL in vitro and significantly increased (p < 0.05) sexual activity, intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure in normal and diabetic rats. The increase in erectile function of rats by MEMO could be because of its sEH inhibitory activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Moringa oleifera and glycemic control: A review of current evidence and possible mechanisms

Maintaining glycemic control in diabetes and prediabetes is necessary to prevent many health complications and mortality. Although different hypoglycemic drugs are used for this purpose, there is still a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants due to their low price, easy availability, and fewer or no side effects. Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in the management of diabetes. This review aims to present the existing literature published until February 2019 on the role of moringa leaves in glycemia and their physiological mechanisms. In the conducted studies, moringa leaves have shown to reduce glycemia, without causing any adverse effects. The proposed mechanisms for reducing glycemia include inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase activities, increased glucose uptake in the muscles and liver, inhibition of glucose uptake from the intestine, decreased gluconeogenesis in the liver, and increased insulin secretion and sensitivity. However, these studies are limited in numbers and mostly conducted in animals, in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, long‐term human studies are required to determine the hypoglycemic effect of moringa leaves, their physiological mechanisms, active ingredients, and safety. Overall, this review provides evidence that moringa leaves have the possibility to be used as a glycemic control agent in diabetes and prediabetes.