炎琥宁治疗疱疹性咽峡炎疗效观察

目的探讨炎琥宁治疗疱疹性咽峡炎的临床疗效。方法治疗组80例用炎琥宁5～10mg／（kg·d），对照组80例用利巴韦林10—15mg／（kg·d）。结果治疗组的退热时间、疱疹消失时间均短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为96．25％、75％，两组比较差异有统计学意义（x^2=14．6，P〈0．01）。结论炎琥宁治疗疱疹性咽峡炎疗效满意，安全性高。     

炎琥宁联合利巴韦林片治疗疱疹性咽峡炎患儿的临床分析

目的评价炎琥宁联合利巴韦林片治疗疱疹性咽峡炎患儿的疗效。方法本院就诊的疱疹性咽峡炎患者90例,分为观察组和对照组。对照组：利巴韦林;观察组：利巴韦林联合炎琥宁。结果观察组总有效率为95.56%,明显高于对照组总有效率77.78%,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。观察组体温恢复正常、流涎消失、疱疹溃疡愈合、总病程明显优于对照组,差异显著（P〈0.01）。两组均未发现不良反应患者。结论炎琥宁联合利巴韦林治疗疱疹性咽峡炎患儿疗效佳,具有良好的安全性。     

疱疹性咽峡炎可用淡盐水漱口

疱疹性咽峡炎有“隐形手足口病”之称,但比手足口病轻,只在口腔里出疹子,几乎不出现重症危及生命。如果发现孩子发烧不退（39。以上）,应尽早带孩子去医院诊治。     

双料喉风散治疗疱疹性咽峡炎疗效观察

目的 观察双料喉风散治疗疱疹性咽峡炎的疗效。方法 198例均为我院留观治疗疱疹性咽峡炎忠儿，随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组选用青霉素＋病毒唑静滴治疗，治疗组在此基础上加用双料喉风散直接喷雾患处，3-5d为1疗程，于治疗开始和结束时进行血常规化验。结果 两组的治疗效果经统计学处理（P〈0．05），差异有显著性。结论 双料喉风散治疗疱疹性咽峡炎可以明显缩短病程、效果好。     

干扰素治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎50例临床观察

疱疹性咽峡炎是由疱疹性病毒引起的以急性发热和咽峡部疱疹、溃疡为特征的急性、传染性疾病,以粪-口或呼吸道为主要传播途径,感染性较强,传播快,呈散发或流行,夏秋季为高发季节,主要侵袭1～6岁儿童。疱疹破溃后形成溃疡因口腔黏膜受到炎症刺激,唾液分泌增加,溃疡疼痛剧烈,会加重小儿流口水现象,疼痛常常致小儿拒食。我们采用肌注干扰素治疗小儿疱疹性口腔炎,取得了较好疗效,现报道如下。     

疱疹性咽峡炎的临床和流行病学特征

疱疹性咽峡炎是一种由病毒感染引起的急性传染性疾病,多发于低年龄段儿童,临床表现为发热和口腔咽峡部疱疹,少数病例会出现高热惊厥、脑炎等并发症.近年来该病在我国较为多发且较易引发聚集性病例事件.此文就疱疹性咽峡炎的病原学、临床及流行病学特征和防控措施现状进行综述.     

痰热清注射液治疗疱疹性咽峡炎临床分析

目的探讨痰热清注射液治疗疱疹性咽峡炎临床疗效。方法采用随机对照实验,选择疱疹性咽峡炎患儿98例,随机分为治疗组60例和对照组38例,观察其临床疗效。结果痰热清治疗组患儿疱疹消失时间及住院时间明显较对照组缩短(p<0.01),具有统计学意义。结论痰热清注射液治疗疱疹性咽峡炎疗效确切,未发现明显不良反应。     

蓝芩口服液辅助治疗疱疹性咽峡炎的疗效观察

目的探讨蓝芩口服液在小儿疱疹性咽峡炎治疗中的疗效。方法将82例疱疹性咽峡炎患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,两组均给予抗病毒、解热、补液等治疗及口腔护理,在此基础上,观察组给予蓝芩口服液,对照组口服复方金银花颗粒,疗程5d。观察两组的临床症状、体征变化,评价其疗效。结果观察组显效率及总有效率明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论蓝芩口服液治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎疗效确切,无明显副作用,安全可靠。     

一起疱疹性咽峡炎疫情病原学分析

目的 了解2020年合肥地区一起幼儿园疱疹性咽峡炎(HA)聚集性疫情病原体型别及基因进化情况。方法采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法对11份咽拭子标本进行肠道病毒(EV)病原检测,柯萨奇病毒A6型(CVA6)核酸阳性的标本经传统RT-PCR扩增VP1基因,进行序列测定,用MEGA 6.0软件构建基因进化树。结果 11份咽拭子标本中6份CVA6核酸阳性,6条基因序列均为CVA6 D3亚型。结论 CVA6 D3型是引起本次幼儿园HA疫情的病原体,应加强对肠道病毒的监测,重视在幼托机构暴发的此类疫情。     

儿童疱疹性咽峡炎合并心肌损害的临床分析

目的：观察疱疹性咽峡炎患儿合并心肌损害的发生情况,初步探讨其临床意义。方法：对确诊的200例疱疹性咽峡炎患儿进行心肌酶谱及心电图检查,并与140例健康儿童对照,分析并比较其差异。结果：观察组心肌酶谱与心电图异常率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：对疱疹性咽峡炎患儿常规行心肌酶谱及心电图检查有助于了解心肌损害程度,及早干预治疗,从而防止心肌炎及其并发症的发生。     

Reinfections and site-specific immunity in herpes simplex virus infections

Studies with human volunteers and patients suffering from recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections have shown that reinfections with autologous or heterologous strains, occurring at sites distant from those of the recurrences, are possible in a variable proportion of the subjects. Experiments in animals have shown that mice surviving a primary HSV infection in the lumbo-sacral area, can become latently infected in trigeminal ganglia upon reinfection of the orofacial site. Similar results were obtained after vaccination of mice with a thymidine-kinase negative, non-pathogenic HSV-1 mutant. It was also demonstrated that initial HSV-1 eye infection in rabbits prevents superinfection of trigeminal ganglia by other strains.     

手足口病患儿体液免疫分析

目的观察和分析手足口病患儿体液免疫状况。方法汇总分析2011年11月1日到2013年7月31日期间出院手足口病患儿体液免疫检测结果、临床表现及预后。期间共收治住院手足口病患儿859例,选取其中有体液免疫检测结果的完整病例625例,轻症551例,重症及危重症74例(死亡4例)。结果轻症组手足口病患儿血清IgG、IgA、IgM、C3及C4值分别为:8.61±2.33、0.76±0.32、1.53±0.47、1.34±0.14及0.25±0.07;重症及危重症组各项分别为:8.53±2.28、0.75±0.36、1.46±0.53、1.27±0.19及0.26±0.08;两组之间比较差异无统计学意义。结论手足口病患儿血清IgA、IgM、IgG及补体C3、C4水平变化与病情轻重无直接相关性。     

Cellular and humoral responses to tetanus vaccination in Gabonese children

Protection to tetanus is often not optimal in developing countries due to incomplete vaccination schemes, or decreased efficacy of vaccination. In this study we investigated the immunological response to tetanus booster vaccination in school children living in a semi-urban or in a rural area of Gabon. Tetanus-specific total IgG as well as antibody subclasses of the IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 isotype and the avidity of the dominating IgG1 subclass were determined both before and 1 month after the booster vaccination. In addition, tetanus-specific cytokine responses were determined. We found a polarization towards a T helper 1 (Th1) profile in the semi-urban children, whereas the cytokine responses of the rural children showed a T helper 2 (Th2) skewed response. Furthermore, tetanus-specific antibodies of the different IgG subclasses were all increased upon a tetanus booster vaccination and levels of IgG1 and IgG3 were higher in the rural children. In conclusion, a tetanus booster vaccination induced a stronger Th2 over Th1 cytokine profile to tetanus toxoid (TT) in rural children who showed the highest levels of IgG1 and IgG3 anti-TT antibody responses.     

Iron deficiency, inflammatory processes and humoral immunity in children

Indicators of iron status, markers of inflammatory processes, serum immunoglobulins and C3 and C4 components of complement were assessed in 142 children 10-months old. All the iron parameters and most of the indicators of humoral immunity were correlated with markers of inflammation. Sixty-two children presented biochemical indications of inflammation (high CRP or orosomucoid level, or hyperleukocytosis), while 80 children were free of it. In the latter group, the use of a combination of iron indicators enabled separation of iron-sufficient children from those with different degrees of iron deficiency, ranging from iron depletion to iron-deficiency anemia. Serum IgG and IgA were significantly lower only in the group of iron-depleted children. Serum ferritin was significantly positively correlated with IgA, IgM and C4. Iron depletion may be responsible for a decrease humoral immunity. This effect was not visible at more advanced stages of iron deficiency.     

Total and serotype-specific pneumococcal antibody titres in children with normal and abnormal humoral immunity

A heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) protects children against invasive pneumococcal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunoglobulin subclass and serotype-specific pneumococcal antibody responses to vaccination in children with a history of recurrent or severe bacterial infections. Pneumococcal IgG, IgG1, IgG2 titres were assayed by ELISA, and nine serotype concentrations measured using a nonaplex bead assay in 145 children investigated for recurrent or severe infections. Children mounted an exclusively IgG1 response after vaccination with two doses of PCV-7 and a dose of 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23), with pneumococcal IgG2 antibody titres remaining low to negligible. Measurement of serotype-specific responses demonstrated that although PCV-7 specific serotype responses increased significantly post-vaccination, specific IgG against two of the serotypes not covered by PCV-7 but only by PPV-23 remained low. We conclude that in contrast to antibody response to natural infection with Pneumococcus or pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines which are often of a IgG2 subclass, responses in children after PCV-7 are of IgG1 subclass. Serotype-specific IgG were useful in determining the protection against specific pneumococcal strains, and showed that the PPV-23 did not broaden protection against non-PCV-7 serotypes.     

Study of cell mediated and humoral immunity in acute bacterial meningitis

Twenty (20) patients suffering from acute bacterial meningitis and ten (10) normal individuals were included in this study. Patient's age ranged from 3-50 years; they were chosen from Abassia Fever Hospital. Serum as well as CSF immunoglobulin G and M were measured at admittance and 2 days later, E rosette test was done and compared with the control group. Significant increase in IgM in CSF was recorded in early acute cases. IgG was significantly increased in CSF in both early and late cases. The increase in serum immunoglobulins was insignificant in all cases. Using E rosette test no significant difference was detected in T-lymphocytes in patient groups as compared with normal controls. From this work we can conclude that the increase in the type of CSF immunoglobulin could differentiate acute (increase in IgM) from late cases (increase in IgG). Also we can conclude that cell mediated immunity has no role in bacterial meningitis as the increase in T lymphocytes was insignificant.     

学龄前儿童血铅水平与体液免疫关系分析

目的探讨血铅水平对学龄前儿童体液免疫影响。方法用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法对917名学龄前儿童进行血铅测定,根据血铅水平设立高铅组和低铅组(对照组),分别对两组儿童用免疫比浊法进行免疫球蛋白5项(IgA、IgG、IgM、C3和C4)测定,高铅组及对照组均给予补钙剂(排铅方法之一),3个月后两组儿童再次进行免疫球蛋白5项测定,高铅组重新进行血铅水平测定。结果3个月后,高铅组血铅水平由原来的(143.5±12.1)μg/L下降到(92.6±8.9)μg/L(P<0.05),免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG及C3水平分别由治疗前的(0.64±0.15)g/L、(6.21±1.38)g/L和(1.02±0.26)g/L升高到(0.95±0.31)g/L、(9.56±2.16)g/L和(1.12±0.28)g/L(P<0.05);对照组免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG及C3水平与补钙前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高血铅对学龄前儿童体液免疫功能有一定的影响,且补钙是一种安全有效的排铅方法之一。     

Duration of post-vaccination humoral immunity against yellow fever in children

IntroductionVaccination is the most important measure for prevention and control of yellow fever. It is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for residents of endemic areas and travelers to risk areas. In 2013, the WHO discontinued the recommendation of booster doses every 10 years, indicating a single dose as sufficient for lifelong protection.ObjectiveConsidering the lower immune response to YF vaccine in children compared to adults, this study was set out to assess the duration of immunity to YF in children vaccinated in the first two years of life.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved children aged 9 months to 12 years with accessible vaccination records recruited in primary care units from a metropolitan area in Southeast Brazil. The serologic status (negative, indeterminate and positive), and geometric mean titers (GMT, inverse dilution) of neutralizing antibodies against YF obtained by Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test was assessed across categories of time after YF vaccination. The strength of association of seropositivity with time was assessed by the odds ratio (OR) taking recent vaccination (1–6 months) as reference.ResultsA total of 824 children recruited from August 2010 to July 2011were tested. The proportion of seropositivity (95% C.I.) and GMT (95% C.I.) dropped markedly across time periods: from 86.7% (80.5–91.4%), GMT 47.9 (38.3–59.9) in newly vaccinated to 59.0% (49.7–67.8%), GMT 14.8 (11.6–19.1) and 42.2% (33.8–51.0), GMT 8.6 (7.1–12.1), respectively in the subgroups vaccinated 31–72 months and 73–100 months before.ConclusionsAnalogous to previous findings in adults, these data support the need for revaccination of children living in areas with yellow fever virus circulation in humans or in other primates. The data also supported the change of a booster dose to 4 years of age for those primarily vaccinated for yellow fever in the first two years of life.     

反复呼吸道感染患儿细胞及体液免疫功能分析

目的分析反复呼吸道感染患儿细胞及体液免疫功能。方法选择2010年10月至2012年9月确诊为反复呼吸道感染患儿60例,按照年龄将其分为：A1组年龄＜3岁,B1组3～6岁;同时选择健康儿童60例作为对照组：A2组年龄＜3岁,B2组3～6岁。采用流式细胞术检测所有入组儿童外周血T淋巴细胞总数（ CD3＋）及其亚群（ CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋）的绝对计数;速率散射比浊法测定其血清免疫球蛋白G、A、M（ IgG、IgA、IgM）含量。结果 A1、B1组CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋细胞绝对计数及IgG含量均较相应正常对照组A2、B2组降低,差异均有统计学意义（A1与A2组比较t值分别为0．003、0．033、0．017;B1与B2组比较t值分别为0．041、0．045、0．012,均P＜0．05）。在＜3岁儿童中,反复呼吸道感染患儿的IgA含量较正常同龄儿童偏低,差异有统计学意义（t＝0．035,P＜0．05）。结论反复呼吸道感染患儿CD3＋T淋巴细胞总数绝对计数的降低,尤其是CD3＋CD4＋T辅助细胞的减少,使其对T、B淋巴细胞增殖分化的调控作用削弱,浆细胞产生Ig过程障碍是导致儿童反复呼吸道感染的重要原因。