IMI联合PET成像帮助医生识别隐藏的肿瘤

<正>在联合使用分子成像(IMI)(通过使用对比剂使肿瘤细胞在手术过程中发光)和术前正电子发射断层扫描(PET)时,外科医生能够识别和移除肺癌患者更多数量的癌结节。来自宾夕法尼亚大学Abramson癌症中心(ACC)的研究首次显示,在结合传统的PET成像时,IMI与肿瘤发光剂联合使用时如何发挥效用。这项研究近日在《Annals of Surgery》上发表。     

孙燕

SUN Yan was born in 1929 in Hebei, China. He graduated from Peking Union Medical College with a M.D. degree in 1956. He has been working in Department of Medical Oncology in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences （CAMS） since 1959. Between 1979 and 1981, he was a visiting professor in MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. Dr. Sun was professor ＆ chairman of Department of Medical Oncology during 1986-1994. Dr. Sun is currently director of the National GCP Center for Anticancer Agents and New Drug Clinical Research base of State Food ＆ Drug Administration; member of International Society of Chemotherapy, International Association of Study of Lung Cancer, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and president of Asian Clinical Oncology Society, vice president of Chinise Cancer Research Foundation, chief editor of 4 medical journals, editors of 18 domestic and 4 international journals.     

Personage Column：CHU Datong

Professor Da-Tong Chu is Chief Scientist of Medical Oncology and Chairman of Ethical Committee, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS), Beijing. He is President of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), Vice-Chairman of the GCP Center of National Anti-Cancer Drugs, and is the member of the Expert Committee of State Food and Drug Administration(SFDA), and member of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee.     

Stem cells and proteomics

With the accomplishment of the draft of human genome project and the sequencing of several decades of organisms and the adventure of post-genomics, proteomics, an important subject of post-genomics, has been applied in many fields such as biology, oncology and medicine, etc. People’s attention has gradually transferred from revealing the genetic information to discovering the functions of the genetic materials. In consideration of the limited number of genes and the relative stability of thei…     

Personage Column:CHU Datong(Beijing,China)

Professor Da-Tong Chu is Chief Scientist of Medical Oncology and Chairman of Ethical Committee, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sci-ences(CAMS), Beijing. He is President of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), Vice-Chairman of the GCP Center of National Anti-Cancer Drugs, and is the member of the Expert Committee of State Food and Drug Admin-istration(SFDA), and member of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee. After graduating from the Capital University of Medical Sciences and Union Medical College, he pursued his postgraduate study on the regulation of immunoglobu-lin secretion in malignant lymphoma. By modifying the     

Stomach One-Point Cancer： One Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and one of the most frequent causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Early detection and accurate preoperative staging of gastric cancer is essential for planning optimal therapy such as endoscopic mucosal resection or gastric resection and offers the best prognosis. With advanced technology in diagnostic instruments and the mass screening, early gastric cancer has been detected easier. One-point cancer of gastric is a special type of early gastric cancer. Diagnosis of one-point cancer of gastric is important for both the immediate treatment and the prognosis. There is still no consensus on the operation extent and postoperative treatment for patients with one-point cancer of gastric. Learned from previous reports, we know that existed in the superficial layer of the gastric mucosa and the superficial ulcer is one of the important characteristics of one point cancer of gastric. Herein, we report a case of one point cancer of gastric with the appearance of a deep infiltrating ulcer. To the best of our knowledge, no such type of one point cancer of gastric has been reported.     

肺癌患者外周血血小板活化标志物水平及其临床意义

Objective： To investigate the relationship between the activation markers of platelets and the lung cancer. Methods： Based on international stages of lung cancer in 1997, lung cancer patients of 120 cases diagnosed by pathology as well as with operation indication were selected as the experimental group. During the process of experiment, 60 cases concluded as healthy in the physical examination were chosen as control group. The activation markers of platelets were detected by FCM method. The experimental result would be processed by SPSS 11.5. Results： The level of activation markers of platelets in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients was significantly higher than those healthy people （P 〈 0.01）. The level of activation markers of platelets in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients on the seventh postoperative day was significantly lower than that before operation and on the first postoperative day （P 〈 0.01）. The level of activation markers of platelets in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients was closely related to the size of the primary tumor, lymph node status and stages, but not to the grade of cell differentiation, type of tumor, age, sex of the patients （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Elevation of the level of activation markers of platelets in peripheral blood exists in lung cancer patients and the levels of activation marker of platelets plays an important role in tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis. The levels of activation markers of platelets maybe a predictor for prognosis.     

8. THE CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS IN OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED GROUPS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Biomonitoring of the genotoxic potential of occupational and environmental factors and their biological effects in man is essential for ensuring primary prevention of human cancers and damage of genetic material. The groups of population monitored in the Czech Republic for the occupational exposure to clastogenic genotoxins comprise broad spectrum of exposure, the most of them involve complex mixtures of gases, vapors, and particular matters. The increase of the chromosomal aberration frequency     

鼻咽癌多药耐药相关蛋白表达与原发灶放疗敏感性关系的研究

Objective： To study the relationship between the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein （MRP） gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） and the radiosensitivity of primary lesions of NPC. Methods： Total 51 cases of NPC were analyzed retrospectively, who were treated by radiotherapy between January 1,1999 and December 31,2000 in our department, including the cases of pure radiotherapy and chemotherapy after radiotherapy. Using immunohistochemiscal S-P method, the expression of MRP in NPC was detected, and the relationship with the radiosensitivity of primary lesions of NPC was analyzed. Results： The rate of positive expression was 68.63% （35/51） in NPC, and there were significant difference between T stages （P〈0.05）, but no significant difference with radiosensitivity of primary lesions of NPC （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： There is a higher expression of MRP in NPC, but it has no relationship with radiosensitivity of primary lesions of NPC. So MRP can not be regarded as the predictive marker of radiosensitivity of primary lesions of NPC.     

Overview of breast cancer prevention： what＇s the next？

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women at the ages of 20-59 years[1].The incidence of breast cancer in Asia is also shown to be increasing recently, especially in the more affluent cities, and the peak incidence of breast cancer is at the age of 45-50 years[2].Breast cancer prevention has started from secondary prevention strategy of early detection of the disease with different modalities in Asia[3-5] despite the absence of unified nationwide screening program.There are a lot of discussion about the benefits and harms of breast cancer screening[6-8] and still a lot of controversial issues such as stratification of breast cancer risk, choice of screening modalities, ways of information dissemination, different culturo-religious beliefs, and various levels of medical resources, especially in Asia, remain unresolved.In no doubt, a cost-effective prevention method should be more widely accepted.     

Leiomyosarcoma of Inferior Vena Cava: Report of 7 Cases and Literature Review

Leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cave (IVC) is an ex-tremely rare primary malignant tumor, no more than 200cases of leiomyosarcoma of IVC were reported in publi-cations as single case or as small series up to date. Inthis report, 7 cases of primary leiomyosarcoma of IVC werepresented. The diagnosis and treatment of leiomyosarcomaof IVC were also reviewed.Materials and methodsGeneral conditionIn this report, 7 cases of leiomyosarcoma of IVC con-sisting of 1 male and 6 females with an age ranging from29 to 61 were presented. Two cases underwent laparotomywith the diagnosis of carcinoma of pancreas or primary     

Imaging diagnoses of lymphoma of oropharynx

Objective:To investigate the CT and MRI findings of lymphoma of oropharynx and their clinical values.Methods: CT and MRI findings of 18 cases of lymphoma of oropharynx were analyzed and compared with the operative and pathological findings. Results: 11 cases of lymphoma of the tonsil and 3 cases of lymphoma of the bases of tongue displayed regular soft tissue mass with protuberated into oropharynx. 4 cases of lymphoma of the lateral pharynx displayed irregular soft tissue mass in oropharynx. Their density and signal of the lymphoma were homogeneous and showed slight enhancement by CT and MRI. All lesions did not appear necrosis or cyst. 10 cases of cervical lymphoid metastasis were found in 18 cases of lymphoma of oropharynx.Conclusion: CT and MRI can provide the position,shape and range of lymphoma of oropharynx and metastases in lymph nodes and invasion to surrounding tissues. They had high clinical value in diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma of oropharynx.     

X-ray DIAGNOSIS OF EXTRASKELETAL (SOFT TISSUE) CHONDROSARCOMA (A REPORT OF 8 CASES)

Eight cases of surgically and pathologically verified extraskeletal (soft tissue) chondrosarcoma were analyzed with regard to clinical and X-ray features. The cardinal clinical aspects of this series are: presence of a local soft tissue mass; gradual enlargement of the mass accompanied by increasing pain. The X-ray signs were summarized as follows: formation of a soft tissue mass; various forms of calcifications concentrated in the central area of the tumor; in some instances, presence of a saucer-like defect on the cortical surface of neighbouring bone and periosteal proliferation with mound-like new bone on both sides as well as bending deformity of the affected bone. The incidence and sites of predilection, the main X-ray findings, radiological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the tumor were discussed. The Roentgen features of synovial chondrosarcoma of the knee joint were especially analyzed.     

外源人核受体hLRH-1在结肠腺癌细胞SW480中表达的生物学效应及其分子机理初探

Objective： To explore the possible biological function of human nuclear receptor hLRH-1 in tumorigenesis and progress of colon cancer. Methods： Plasmids pcDNA3-hLRH-1 were introduced into SW480 cells via lipofectamine. The expression of mRNA and protein of exogenous hLRH-1 were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. MTT assay was carried out to survey the proliferation of SW480 cells with overexpression of hLRH-1. Meanwhile, the expression of proliferation-related genes cyclin E1 and cyclin D1, and apoptosis-related genes PTEN and Rbl, were analyzed by realtime RT-PCR. Results： The proliferation of SW480 cells was promoted under the condition of overexpression of hLRH-1. The expression of cyclin E1 was up-regulated significantly, while that of PTEN and Rbl were down-regulated in SW480 cells with overexpressed hLRH-1. Conclusion： The expression of exogenous hLRH-1 in SW480 cells induced the proliferation resulting form up-regulation of cyclin E1, as well as participated in the regulation of apoptosis via influencing the expression of PTEN and Rb1.     

THE ENHANCEMENT OF TWEEN-80 ON THE ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF THE HYPERTHERMIA41℃ IN TUMOR-BEARING MICE

B16 melanoma cells were inoculated into theBALB/C mice to establish melanoma-bearing models.The antitumor effect of Tween-80 in combination withhyperthermia 41℃ was studied.We observed thechanges of the mortality of tumor-bearing mice,thetumor growth curves,activities of serum tumor necrosisfactor(STNF)and the lcvcl of scrum sialic acid(SSA)intumor-bearing mice.The number of pulmonarymetastatic tumor foci from blood flow was also detected.The results showed that combined with Tween-80,hyperthermia 41℃ could dramatically suppress thegrowrh of the melanoma in the feet of mice,survive thetumor-bearing mice and decrease the number of pulmonary metastatic tumor foci but no significant erffectswere observed by treatment with Tween-80 orhyperthermia at 41℃ alone.The activities of STNFand the level of SSA of the melanoma-bearing mice keptat higher levels than those of normal BALB/C mice.Tween-80 combined with heating 41℃ significantlydecreased activities of STNF,but the level of SSA stillkept high level with     

PARP抑制剂应用后的卵巢癌三级预防

The tertiary prevention approaches of ovarian cancer include whole-person care, training of the patients to cooperate with physicians in the periods of treatment and follow-up, training program of the qualified surgeons, and recognition of biological behavior changes of relapse after PARPi therapy. Surgery remains the cornerstone in the management of ovarian cancer, but the role of surgery after PARPi remains unknown. Recently, the US FDA withdrew the indication of three PARP inhibitors in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer with ≥3 lines of chemotherapy because of their ≥30% increased death risk. Thus, we should pay more attention to the biological recurrence and chemoresistance caused by PARP inhibitors and post-progression survival in ovarian cancer. © 2023, CHINA RESEARCH ON PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. All rights reserved.     

Attributable causes of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in China: Reproductive factors, oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy

Objective:To provide an evidence-based,consistent assessment of the burden of breast cancer attributable to reproductive factors(RFs,including nulliparity,mean number of children,age at first birth and breastfeeding),use of oral contraceptives(OCs,restricted to the age group of 15-49 years),and hormone replacement therapy(HRT),as well as of the burden of ovarian cancer attributable to the mean number of children in China in 2005.Methods:We derived the prevalence of these risk factors and the relative risk of breast and ovarian cancer from national surveys or large-scale studies conducted in China.In the case of RFs,we compared the exposure distributions in 2001 and counterfactual exposure.Results:Exposure of RFs in 2001 was found to account for 6.74% of breast cancer,corresponding to 9,617 cases and 2,769 deaths,and for 2.78% of ovarian cancer(711 cases,294 deaths).The decrease in mean number of children alone was responsible for 1.47% of breast cancer and 2.78% of ovarian cancer.The prevalence of OC use was 1.74% and the population attributable fraction(PAF) of breast cancer was 0.71%,corresponding to 310 cases and 90 deaths.The PAF of breast cancer due to HRT was 0.31%,resulting in 297 cases and 85 deaths.Conclusion: RFs changes in China contributed to a sizable fraction of breast and ovarian cancer incidence and mortality, whereas HRT and OCs accounted for relatively low incidence of breast cancer in China.     

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HILAR BILE DUCT CARCINOMA

From June, 1986 to June 1989, 24 cases of hilar bile duct carcinoma were explored in the Surgical Department of General Hospital of PLA, 16/24 cases were resected, a resectability rate of 66%. The increase of resectability rate was due to earlier recognition of this condition and the extension of surgery, including major resection of liver as well as radical dissection of the hepato-duodenal ligament and repairative operations on the blood vessels. Among these 16 cases, major hepatic resection was performed in 10 cases, in which, 3 cases of resections of the middle lobe of the liver were done instead of right or extended right lobectomy. No operative mortality in the 30 days' postoperative period, but the postoperative morbidity rate was still high and most of the complications were related to biliary leakage and infection. Three patients died in the follow up period at 6, 14 and 15 months respectively. All of them died from biliary infection. The remaining 13 patients were still alive, the longest bein     

Personage Column： ZENG Yixin

ZENG Yixin, Professor and Director, Cancer Center and the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. He obtained the Bachelor Degree of Medicine from Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Province in 1985 and obtained the doctoral degree of Medical Science in 1990 from the Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences where he is now working. He was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2005. Besides, Professor Zeng also has many other academic positions including the Vice President of the China Anti-Cancer Association, the President of the board of the International Society on Epstein-Barr Virus ＆ Related Diseases, a member of the State Pharmacopoeia Commission of China and the SFDA （Sino-Food ＆ Drug Administration） Drug Evaluation Committee, a member of the American Association of Cancer Research. He works in many journal editorial boards including several internal journals like Cell Cycle, Cancer Biology and Therapy and the Journal of Translational Medicine. He has been the Editor-in-chief of the Chinese Journal of Cancer for many years, which has been indexed by Medline and Index Medics.     

第八版国际肺癌TNM分期修订稿解读

目前临床使用的肺癌分期是国际抗癌联盟（Union for International Cancer Control, UICC）于2009年1月颁布的第七版TNM分期。近年来,随着肺癌诊断技术的提高以及个体化治疗、分子靶向治疗等精准治疗模式的改变,肺癌的生存率及预后也有了明显的提高,旧的分期标准已难以适应当前的快速发展的临床需求。因此国际肺癌研究学会（International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, IASLC）2015年对肺癌分期系统进行了更新,其修订稿发表于《Journal of hToracic Oncology》,新版分期计划于2017年1月正式颁布实施。新分期标准采纳了来自16个国家的35个数据库,包含了自1999年-2010年间新发病的94,708例肺癌病例。新版分期的优势在于能够更好的显示患者的预后,对临床具有更高的指导价值。