真菌葡聚糖试验对侵袭性肺部真菌感染的诊断意义

目的探讨真菌葡聚糖试验对侵袭性肺部真菌感染(IPFI)的诊断意义及其临床价值,以期能为IPFI的诊治提供临床参考。方法选取2012年1月-2013年10月临床拟诊断为IPFI的住院患者60例为研究对象作为IPFI组,行支气管肺泡灌洗术;选取同期门诊健康体检人员60名为对照组,采集两组外周血,分别检测肺泡灌洗及血浆(1,3)β-D葡聚糖,收集患者痰液进行真菌培养。结果有3例患者手术送检组织病理检查确诊、54例痰液培养确诊、3例排除真菌感染为细菌感染,IPFI确诊者占拟诊的95.00%,感染真菌包括白色假丝酵母菌、曲霉菌属、热带假丝酵母菌等,分别占36.84%、17.54%、14.04%;观察组血浆及肺炎灌洗液检测(1,3)β-D葡聚糖值明显高于对照组(P<0.05),IPFI组肺泡灌洗液(1,3)β-D葡聚糖明显高于血浆检测值(P<0.05);感染真菌中曲霉菌属感染患者肺泡灌洗液、血浆(1,3)β-D葡聚糖检测值最高。结论真菌葡聚糖试验对IPFI诊断具有临床参考价值,如检测值较高可高度怀疑侵袭性肺曲霉病感染,但对其他真菌感染无法进行准确鉴别。     

血(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖对非粒细胞缺乏的深部真菌感染检测的临床价值

目的 探讨非粒细胞缺乏的深部真菌感染患者血浆中(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测的临床价值. 方法 应用北京金山川公司MB-80微生物动态快速检测系统,及GKT-5M Set动态真菌检测试剂盒定量检测深部真菌感染组、细菌感染组和健康对照组各30例标本中血(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖的含量.结果 健康对照组血浆中(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖含量为(0.003±0.002)ng/L;深部真菌感染组为(0.188±0.207)ng/L;细菌感染组为(0.008±0.006)ng/L;经SPSS统计软件进行分析,健康对照组与深部真菌感染组(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);深部真菌感染组与细菌感染组1,3-β-D-葡聚糖差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);健康对照组与细菌感染组1,3-β-D-葡聚糖差异无统计学意义. 结论 血浆中(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测可在拟诊早期为临床医师提供机体是否感染真菌的信息,G试验方法检测血浆(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖可作为真菌感染的一个诊断指标,以0.02 ng/L为诊断阈值其敏感性、特异性较理想.     

(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖对普外科患者深部真菌感染的诊断分析

目的评估血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖对普外科患者深部真菌感染的诊断价值,为普外科患者深部感染的早发现、早诊断、早治疗提供科学依据。方法选取2010年2月-2015年2月普外科疑似深部真菌感染患者184例及40名健康人员为研究对象,采用真菌感染快速检测试剂盒检测并比较两组血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖水平,与传统真菌培养结果比较;采用ROC曲线分析两种诊断方法的临床价值。结果 (1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖法检测深部真菌感染患者阳性43例,阳性率为23.37%,传统真菌培养法检测阳性32例,阳性率为17.40%,(P=0.035),两种方法的检测结果具有高度的一致性,Kappa系数K=0.617(P<0.001);(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖诊断深部真菌感染的灵敏度为81.25%、特异度为88.82%;当以(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖=16.59pd/ml为临界值时,诊断深部真菌感染的灵敏度与特异度均达到最大,灵敏度为92.03%、特异度为83.17%。结论 (1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖可作为普外科深部真菌感染特异性生物标志物,具有较高的早期诊断效率,可为其诊治赢得宝贵时间。     

血浆(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测诊断侵袭性真菌感染的临床研究

目的 探讨血浆(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖对侵袭性真菌感染患者的临床检测价值.方法 应用MB-80微生物快速动态检测系统及GKT-5M set动态真菌检测试剂盒检测14例侵袭性真菌感染患者(诊断组)和13例健康志愿者(对照组)血浆(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖浓度,并将两者进行统计学分析.结果 14例侵袭性真菌感染患者中有8例为支气管-肺真菌感染,6例为真菌血症;真菌菌种分别为念珠菌感染11例(混合感染1例),曲霉感染2例,卡氏肺孢子菌感染2例(其中1例为临床诊断无病原学证据).诊断组血浆(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖平均浓度为(105.02±82.22)ng/L,明显高于对照组(6.65±1.01)ng/L(P＜0.01).血浆(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖诊断阈值为≥20 ng/L时,灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别是92.86%、89.58%、72.22%、97.73%.结论 血浆(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖的检测可作为诊断侵袭性真菌感染的重要依据.     

联合检测法对早期深部侵袭性真菌感染的临床应用研究

目的探讨(1-3)β-D-葡聚糖试验(即G试验)对侵袭性肺部真菌感染的诊断价值。方法以2010年1月-2012年10月在我院呼吸科治疗的疑似为侵袭性肺部真菌感染的病人为研究对象。对患者的痰液进行痰培养,并采用MB-80微生物动态快速检测系统对患者血清及纤支镜肺泡灌洗液中的(1-3)β-D-葡聚糖进行检测。结果痰培结果显示病原菌主要为两大类,念珠菌与曲霉菌,感染例数分别是178例和14例,其中确诊的有38例,临床诊断病例有32例,拟诊有58例,定植有64例。血清样本的葡聚糖浓度在诊断指标分组中和灌洗液具有一致性。结论血清(1-3)β-D-葡聚糖检测与痰真菌培养相比具有简便、快速、阳性率高的特点,是诊断侵袭性肺部真菌感染的一种有效、早期、快速的方法,其与痰培养联合检测可以提高早期诊断率。     

大鼠系统性毛孢子菌病模型3种体液标本(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测

目的观察(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测,在大鼠系统性毛孢子菌病模型不同体液标本中的意义。方法建立大鼠系统性毛孢子菌病模型,收集不同时间的支气管肺泡灌洗液、血浆和尿液标本,采用G试验测定(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖,同时进行巢式PCR(nPCR)检测和真菌学培养。结果感染早期(10 d)血浆、支气管肺泡灌洗液、尿液标本G试验敏感性分别为80.00%、86.67%、6.67%,前两者与对照组比较差异有统计学意义;30只实验大鼠血浆标本G试验平均敏感性为76.76%,nPCR法为68.85%、血真菌培养为3.33%,G试验结果与血真菌培养相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖浓度值(pg/ml)与感染的脏器数目呈正相关(┃r┃>0.7,P<0.05)。结论对血浆、支气管肺泡灌洗液等标本进行(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测,有助于系统性毛孢子菌病的临床早期诊断、判断感染范围和疾病转归的评价。     

血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖在侵袭性真菌感染临床诊治中的应用评价

目的探讨血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖在侵袭性真菌感染(IFI)诊断和治疗中的临床应用价值。方法选取暨南大学附属五邑中医院2015年10月-2017年3月收治的70例IFI患者,40例细菌感染患者,40名健康人群为研究对象,采用免疫比浊法检测各组的血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖水平,并对IFI患者的血液和可疑分泌物进行真菌培养;同时检测IFI患者抗真菌治疗后第7天和第14天的血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖水平。结果 IFI组血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖水平高于细菌感染组和健康对照组,细菌感染组血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖水平高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖诊断IFI的敏感度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度均优于真菌培养,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);病情好转组第7天和第14天的血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖较治疗前有明显降低(P0.05),病情稳定组无明显变化(P0.05),而病情加重组第7天和第14天血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖与治疗前比较有明显上升(P0.05)。结论血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖在侵袭性真菌感染的诊断和治疗中均有重要的临床价值。     

侵袭性肺部真菌感染动物模型制作及血浆β-葡聚糖检测的诊断价值

目的探讨肺部真菌感染动物模型制作方法,评价血浆1,3-β-D葡聚糖检测的诊断价值。方法成年SD大鼠50只,雌雄各25只随机分成肺部曲霉感染组、白色假丝酵母菌感染组、细菌感染组、健康组、真菌口咽部定植组,每组10只,通过气管插管分别滴入各种病原菌混悬液,建立大鼠肺部真菌感染和细菌感染模型,经鼻腔和口咽部滴入法分别将烟曲霉和白色假丝酵母菌混悬液接种于大鼠建立真菌口咽定植模型。结果肺组织病理学检查:8只烟曲霉和6只白色假丝酵母菌感染大鼠肺组织见曲霉菌丝和白色假丝酵母菌孢子,10只细菌感染大鼠肺组织呈急性炎症改变,定植组和健康组大鼠肺组织光镜下无明显异常;-βD葡聚糖检测结果:烟曲霉感染和白色假丝酵母菌感染大鼠血浆β-葡聚糖浓度分别为(34.1±12.8)pg/ml和(32.4±14.2)pg/ml,两组比较P>0.05,细菌感染组、健康组和定植组大鼠血浆β-葡聚糖浓度分别为(11.7±5.2)pg/ml(、12.2±5.5)pg/ml和(12.8±6.7)pg/ml,3组之间两两比较均P>0.05;烟曲霉感染和白色假丝酵母菌感染组与细菌感染组、健康组、定植组分别比较均P<0.01。结论气管内动物接种法可以成功复制肺部真菌感染模型;肺部真菌感染大鼠血浆β-D葡聚糖水平明显升高,G试验方法检测血浆1,3--βD葡聚糖检浓度可作为肺部真菌感染的一个诊断指标,以20 pg/ml为诊断阈值敏感性、特异性较理想。     

血浆1-3-β-D葡聚糖检测诊断侵袭性肺部真菌感染的临床研究

目的:评价血浆1-3-β-D葡聚糖检测诊断侵袭性肺部真菌感染临床应用价值。方法:分析2009年1月-2010年6月我院送检的99例气管镜吸引痰标本,其中真菌培养阳性者32例,真菌培养阴性者67例。99例患者同时进行血浆1-3-β-D葡聚糖检测,分析比较两组葡聚糖水平,应用ROC曲线评价1-3-β-D葡聚糖诊断肺部真菌感染的临床价值。结果:肺部真菌培养阳性组1-3-β-D葡聚糖水平明显明显高于阴性组(34.7.6±20.0 vs 10.4±6.9,t=8.9 P<0.0001);血浆1-3-β-D葡聚糖诊断肺部真菌感染的ROC曲线下面积为0.89(95%CI:0.82%～0.96%);以20 ng/L为Cutt-off值诊断肺部真菌感染的敏感度为92.4%(95%CI:83.2%～97.5%),特异度为75.0%(95%CI:56.6.2%～88.5%)。结论:痰培真菌沛养阳性患者血浆葡聚糖水平明显升高,其诊断肺部真菌感染有一定的临床参考价值。     

真菌血流感染患者病原菌分布及血生化指标水平

目的探讨真菌血流感染患者病原菌分布特点及血生化指标水平变化与意义。方法选取2016年1月-2019年6月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院检验科经血培养确诊为真菌血流感染的患者100例,根据感染类型将其分为血流真菌感染组(50例)、局部真菌感染组(50例),另选50名同期健康人群为对照组。对血流真菌感染组的病原菌进行分离、培养及检测并观察其真菌分布特点;比较三组血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)水平;对比血流真菌感染组患者不同病原菌感染的血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖、CRP、PCT水平。结果血流真菌感染组共分离出菌株50株,其中白假丝酵母17株,非白假丝酵母33株。血流真菌感染组(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖低于局部真菌感染组和对照组(P0.05),CRP、PCT水平均高于局部真菌感染组和对照组(P0.05);局部真菌感染组血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖水平、CRP、PCT水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。白假丝酵母组血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖、CRP、PCT水平均低于非白假丝酵母组(P0.05)。结论真菌血流感染患者病原菌以热带假丝酵母为主,血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖、CRP、PCT水平的检测有助于快速诊断真菌血流感染。     

有性才会有健康

性是基本的人权。根据我国著名的性学家史成礼教授的研究,性有“三大功能”:生育功能、享乐功能和健康功能。     

Communicating with people with dementia

It can be very difficult to communicate with people with dementia. Each case requires its own unique handling. Not every scenario is covered, as many times your own judgment is what will work, best according to the circumstances. These can change from dawn to evening and from day to day. Never assume things will be the way they were the last time you communicated. Be on your guard. Be adaptable. The article will help get you started to think of your own ways to communicate.     

经方汗证治验

临床上汗证病情复杂,分自汗、盗汗、黄汗和但头汗出,治疗汗证方药诸多,有益气固表、养阴清热和清热除湿等方法,疗效不一。受恩师刘健主任教导和《伤寒论》《金匮要略》病脉证并治启发,以脉证并治、方证对应思想,浅谈桂枝加附子汤、黄芪芍药苦酒汤、柴胡桂枝干姜汤和三物黄芩汤治疗汗证的经验,为经方治疗汗证提供新思路。     

Working with patients with physical disabilities

Medical practices need to make a number of adaptations to ensure that their facilities and staff are accessible to patients and other office visitors with physical disabilities. This article describes 10 specific strategies for preparing your medical practice for patients with disabilities, both inside and outside your office. It describes minimum standards for office doorways, sidewalk inclines, ramps, reception areas, and other adaptations medical offices need to make. The article also describes specific do and don't advice for communicating with patients with physical disabilities. It suggests strategies for preparing written materials for disabled patients, for communicating verbally, and for providing healthcare education. Finally, it suggests an appropriate role for medical practice staff in the delivery of healthcare services to patients with physical disabilities.     

Coping with Children with ADHD: Coping Styles of Mothers with Children with ADHD or Challenging Behaviours

Parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can experience significant levels of stress in their parenting roles, however, little is known about the specific coping strategies used by these parents. This pilot study Investigated the coping strategies used by mothers of children with ADHD. A 34 item questionnaire was developed to identify maternal coping strategies. A cohort of 38 mothers of children with ADHD and a control group of 30 mothers of children without ADHD or any other disability/illness completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis of responses produced three factors: Aggressive/Confrontive Coping, Rational Coping, and Indirect Coping. These factors are similar to coping dimensions proposed by Folkman and Lazarus. Comparisons between the two groups of mothers revealed that mothers of children with ADHD used significantly more Indirect Coping.     

Problems with measuring satisfaction with social care

The measurement of customer satisfaction has become widespread in both healthcare and social care services, and is informative for performance monitoring and service development. Satisfaction with social care services is routinely measured with a single question on overall satisfaction with care, comprising part of the Adult Social Care Survey. The measurement of satisfaction has been problematised, and existing satisfaction measures are known to be under‐theorised. In this article, the process of making an evaluation of satisfaction with social care services is first informed by a literature review of the theoretical background, and second examined through qualitative interviews conducted in 2012–2013 with 82 service users and family carers in Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton. Participants in this study were from white British and South Asian backgrounds, and the influence of ethnicity in the process of satisfaction evaluation is discussed. The findings show that the majority of participants selected a positive satisfaction rating even though both positive and negative experiences with services were described in their narratives. It is recommended that surveys provide opportunity for service users and family carers to elaborate on their satisfaction ratings. This addition will provide more scope for services to review their strengths and weaknesses.     

Ending clinical relationships with people with schizophrenia

The potential for the social worker-client relationship to contribute to therapeutic outcomes is not always apparent with clients who have schizophrenia. Their cognitive impairments often make it difficult for these clients to regulate interpersonal boundaries and for social workers to connect with them. Clinical practice is enhanced, however, by recognizing that severely impaired clients have the capacity and desire for relationships with service providers and others. The manner in which the clinical relationship ends is important for maintaining clinical gains and determining whether the client will risk investing in future relationships. The purpose of this article has been to sensitize social workers to the delicate nature of managing the endings of those relationships.