机械性肠道准备在结直肠手术的临床应用价值研究

目的探究机械性肠道准备(MBP)在结直肠手术中的临床应用价值。 方法前瞻性选取2017年5至2019年6月104例结直肠癌手术患者进行研究。根据数字随机法将患者随机分为MBP组(术前行MBP)和非MBP组(术前不行MBP)各52例。手术操作均由同一医师团队完成,两组患者均行开腹结直肠癌根治术。采用统计软件SPSS 20.0进行分析,围术期各项指标、应激反应指标、肠道菌群变化指标等采用( ±s)表示,组间行独立t检验;术后并发症行卡方检验,P<0.05为检验标准。 结果非MBP组术后首次排气时间及住院时间优于MBP组(P<0.05),两组术后并发症总发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1 d、3 d两组Cor、hs-CRP、IL-6等应激指标水平较术前显著升高(P<0.05),MBP组显著高于非MBP组(P<0.05)。较术前相比,术后两组均出现轻至中度肠道菌群失调,非MBP组Ⅱ、Ⅲ度菌群失调程度轻于MBP组(P＝0.011)。术后两组益生菌BL、LC计数较术前明显降低,非MBP组高于MBP组(P<0.05);致病菌EB、SP计数较术前明显升高,非MBP组低于MBP组(P<0.05)。 结论结直肠手术术前行MBP可加重患者应激反应及肠道菌群失调程度,不能降低术后感染及吻合口漏等并发症的发生,其整体临床应用价值呈现弊大于利,术前不建议行MBP。     

选择性结直肠手术中机械性肠道准备的必要性

目的 分析机械性肠道准备在选择性结直肠外科手术中的必要性.方法 将77例行选择性结直肠手术的患者分为进行机械性肠道准备组(MBP组,42例)与未进行机械性肠道准备组(非MBP组,35例),分析两组术后吻合口瘘、感染等并发症发生的差异.结果 两组在术后吻合口瘘、切口感染、切口裂开等并发症发生方面无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 术前的MBP对降低选择性结直肠手术术后并发症方面没有显著的优势,术前MBP可能并非必要.     

能全素与复方聚乙二醇在结直肠癌术前肠道准备中的应用对比

探讨应用肠内营养制剂进行结直肠癌术前肠道准备的可行性、安全性。回顾性选取112例结直肠癌手术患者,应用能全素行术前肠道准备54例(实验组),应用复方聚乙二醇电解质散进行术前肠道准备58例(对照组)。比较两组肠道准备时出现不良反应的发生情况、术中肠道清洁度、术后并发症、首次肛门排气时间、肠道准备前与术后第1天患者的营养指标。实验组与对照组术中肠道清洁度、术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在肠道准备过程中不良反应发生率两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后首次排气时间方面,实验组少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后第1天前实验组白蛋白水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、白蛋白、转铁蛋白、淋巴细胞总数两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结直肠癌手术前口服肠内营养制剂进行肠道准备是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜根治术对直肠癌患者应激反应、免疫功能指标及并发症的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜根治术对直肠癌患者应激反应、免疫功能指标及并发症的影响。方法 回顾性分析2018年6月至2022年2月于浙江省杭州市第九人民医院行的腹腔镜根治术的直肠癌患者72例的临床资料，依据手术方式不同，分为腹腔镜组（45例）与开腹组（27例）。出院时，比较两组术前与术后3 d应激反应[包括肾上腺素（E）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、皮质醇（Cor）]、免疫功能[包括免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、IgA]指标及住院期间并发症发生率。结果 术前，两组E、NE、Cor水平相比，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；术后3 d，腹腔镜组E、NE、Cor水平分别为（82.86±19.79）μg/L、（90.47±15.29）μg/L、（180.29±24.38）μg/L，明显低于开腹组的（136.36±25.82）μg/L、（141.07±18.93）μg/L、（254.02±33.28）μg/L(P<0.05)；术前，两组IgG、IgA水平相比，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；术后3 d，腹腔镜组IgG、IgA水平分别为（10.53±1.69）g/L、（1.43±0.41）g/L，明...     

术前肠内营养作为肠道准备方式对老年大肠癌术后早期康复的观察

目的探讨采用肠内营养作为肠道准备对老年大肠癌术后早期康复的影响。方法回顾性分析56例老年结直肠癌患者的临床资料,按照术前肠道准备的不同分为肠内营养组和对照组。肠内营养组术前口服肠内营养混悬液,对照组则采用传统治疗方法(普通流质食物),观察比较两组疗效及术后并发症。结果两组手术时间、总住院时间等相关指标接近,均未发现吻合口漏及腹腔感染等严重并发症。肠内营养组患者术中肠道清洁度及术后营养指标均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者肠道准备期间不良反应无显著差异。结论老年结直肠癌患者肠道术前准备使用肠内营养安全可行,避免传统方法的缺点,且为手术期效果良好。     

肠内营养液在结直肠癌术前肠道准备中的应用

目的探讨结、直肠癌术前使用肠内营养制剂代替传统流质饮食进行肠道准备的可行性与效果。方法结、直肠癌择期手术病人42例,随机分为两组。实验组21例,术前3d口服瑞素做术前肠道准备;对照组21例,采用传统流质饮食,然后比较两组的肠道清洁度、术后并发症及各项营养评定指标。结果两组病人肠道清洁度均较好。实验组术后电解质失衡及感染并发症发生率均略低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组的营养指标在肠道准备前与术后差异无统计学意义,而对照组术后血清总蛋白、清蛋白、前清蛋白和转铁蛋白均较肠道准备前降低(P<0.05)。结论采用肠内营养制剂代替传统流质饮食进行术前肠道准备,能保证良好的肠道清洁度,改善患者营养状态,减少术后的并发症。     

术前未行肠道准备对择期结直肠手术影响的探讨

目的探讨术前不做肠道准备对择期结直肠手术的影响。方法回顾性分析成都市第三人民医院2015年1月至2017年12月间73例择期行结直肠肿瘤手术且保肛未行造口患者,分为进行肠道准备的传统组(35例)和未行肠道准备的改进组(38例),由同组人员进行择期手术。观察比较两组患者围手术期情况以及术后并发症发生情况。结果两组患者在术前1 d时CRP、CD4/CD8、IL-6、血糖和血清白蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义;两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后首次肛门排气排便时间,以及肺部感染、吻合口漏、SSI、肠梗阻等术后并发症发生比较,差异无统计学意义;传统组患者在术后24 h、3 d的CRP、IL-6、血糖和血清白蛋白水平以及术后24 h的CD4/CD8明显高于同期改进组(P0.05)。结论术前未行肠道准备能降低结直肠手术患者的应激反应,加速术后快速康复,且不明显增加并发症,但仍需科学规范地评估术前是否行肠道准备。     

结直肠癌术前不同肠道准备措施对根治术后近远期预后影响分析

目的比较结直肠癌（CRC）术前肠内营养（EN）、快速肠道准备（RBP）以及传统肠道准备（TBP）对患者近期及远期预后的影响。 方法选择2011年3月至2013年2月行根治性切除术的CRC患者183例,随机分为EN组、RBP组及TBP组,系统评估三组患者近、远期预后的差异。 结果EN、RBP、TBP组患者耐受情况良好者比例分别为95.1%、83.6%及52.5%（P<0.01）;术前BP不良事件（腹痛/腹胀和恶心/呕吐）发生率分别为6.6%、14.8%及23.6%（P<0.01）;EN组肠壁水肿比例最低,TBP组最高,三组肠壁水肿情况差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;术后腹泻比例分别为6.6%、11.5%和24.6%（P=0.013）;EN组麻醉前、术后第1、3、5天出现生化异常比例最低,而TBP组比例最高;术后并发症发生率分别为9.8%、11.5%和14.8%（P=0.679）;腹腔/肠腔脱落肿瘤细胞阳性者比例分别为3.3%、13.1%和18.0%（P=0.039）;术后3年治疗失败比例分别为13.1%、18.0%和14.8%（P=0.744）;术后肠道功能恢复时间、住院中位时间均差异有统计学意义（P=0.043、0.037）。 结论EN、RBP、TBP方案在CRC术前肠道准备中均安全有效。EN方案在患者耐受度、肠道清洁度、术后并发症方面可与RBP及TBP方案媲美,肠道水肿发生率、术后生化异常发生率更低。尽管EN方案能够有效降低腹腔/肠腔肿瘤细胞脱落发生率,但未能改善结直肠癌术后远期预后。     

快速康复外科对肥胖结直肠癌腹腔镜根治术的近期疗效及应激反应的影响

目的:探讨快速康复外科(FTS)对肥胖结直肠癌患者腹腔镜根治术的近期疗效及应激反应的作用。方法:选择2017年1月—2019年3月在我院行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的肥胖患者60例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30例。观察组在FTS理念指导下行腹腔镜根治术,对照组采用传统围手术期处理方式行腹腔镜手术。对比分析两组手术相关指标,比较两组手术前(术前1 d)、手术后(术后3 d)营养指标(ALB、PA、HB)、应激反应指标(IL-6、TNFα、Cor)的变化情况,并比较两组术后3个月生活质量的改善情况及并发症的发生情况。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、首次排便时间、肛门排气时间及住院时间均少于对照组,淋巴结清除数目多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3 d,观察组ALB、PA和HB水平较术前有所下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组ALB、PA和HB水平较术前明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3 d,观察组IL-6、TNF-α和Cor水平较术前有所升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组IL-6、TNF-α和Cor水平较术前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月,两组患者生理质量、角色质量、心理质量和社会质量评分较术前升高,且观察组各评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症的总发生率为(13.33%),低于观察组(26.67%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:FTS理念指导下行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,能减少患者手术创伤及应激反应,并能最大程度地保护机体的营养状态,改善患者生活质量,减少术后并发症的发生,安全性更高。     

纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果

目的观察纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果,并分析其对患者应激、炎症因子的影响。 方法选择2015年10月至2018年10月,广西壮族自治区人民医院行腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的182例患者作为研究对象,按随机数字法将其分为2组。研究组患者91例,行钠布啡复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉;对照组患者91例,行芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉。对比2组患者的麻醉效果、麻醉起效时间、术后清醒时间以及术后1 d疼痛情况,并通过促甲状腺激素（TSH）与皮质醇（Cor）水平观察患者应激反应,对比炎症因子超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的变化情况。 结果2组患者手术麻醉起效时间与术后清醒时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;研究组的术后1 d疼痛评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;术后1 d研究组的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的TSH、Cor表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;术后1 d的TSH表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后1d研究组的Cor表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论纳布啡复合丙泊酚作为腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术麻醉方式能取得较好的麻醉效果,并且能减轻患者术后疼痛,减少应激反应与炎症反应,可作为腹腔镜腹股沟修补术的优选麻醉方式。     

Is mechanical bowel preparation mandatory for elective colon surgery? A prospective randomized study

BACKGROUND: Bowel preparation prior to colonic surgery usually includes antibiotic therapy together with mechanical bowel preparation (MBP). Mechanical bowel preparation may cause discomfort to the patient, prolonged hospitalization, and water and electrolyte imbalance. It was assumed that with the improvement in surgical technique together with the use of more effective prophylactic antibiotics, it was possible that MBP would no longer be necessary. HYPOTHESIS: There is no statistical difference in the postoperative results of patients who undergo elective colon resection with MBP as compared with those who have no MBP.Design and PATIENTS: The study includes all patients who had elective large bowel resection at Campus Golda between April 1, 1999, and March 31, 2002. Emergency operations were not included. The patients were randomly assigned to the 2 study groups (with or without MBP) according to identification numbers. All patients were treated with intravenous and oral antibiotics prior to surgery. The patients in the MBP group received Soffodex for bowel preparation. RESULTS: A total of 329 patients participated in the study, 165 without MBP and 164 with MBP. The 2 groups were similar in age, sex, and type of surgical procedure. Two hundred sixty-eight patients (81.5%) underwent surgery owing to colorectal cancer and 61 patients (18.5%) owing to benign disease. The hospitalization period was longer in the bowel-prepared group (mean +/- SD, 8.2 +/- 5.1 days) as compared with the nonprepared group (mean +/- SD, 8.0 +/- 2.7 days). However, this difference was not statistically significant. The time until the first bowel movement was similar between the 2 groups: a mean +/- SD of 4.2 +/- 1.3 days in the nonprepared group as compared with a mean +/- SD of 4.3 +/- 1.1 days in the prepared group (P = NS). Four patients (1.2%) died in the postoperative course owing to acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. Sixty-two patients (37.6%) of the non-MBP group suffered from postoperative complications as compared with 77 patients (46.9%) of the MBP group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that no advantage is gained by preoperative MBP in elective colorectal surgery.     

Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis

HYPOTHESIS: There is little scientific evidence to support the routine practice of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) before elective colorectal surgery in order to minimize the risk of postoperative septic complications. DATA SOURCES: Trials were retrieved using a MEDLINE search followed by a manual search of the bibliographic information in select articles. Languages were restricted to English, French, Spanish, Italian, and German. There was no date restriction. STUDY SELECTION: Only prospective randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating MBP vs no MBP before elective colorectal surgery were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Outcomes evaluated were anastomotic leakage, intra-abdominal infection, wound infection, reoperation, and general and extra-abdominal morbidity and mortality rates. Data were extracted by 2 independent observers. DATA SYNTHESIS: Seven RCTs were retrieved. The total number of patients in these RCTs was 1297 (642 who had received MBP and 655 who had not). Among all the RCTs reviewed, anastomotic leak was significantly more frequent in the MBP group, 5.6% (36/642), compared with the no-MBP group, 2.8% (18/655) (odds ratio, 1.84; P = .03). Intra-abdominal infection (3.7% for the MBP group vs 2.0% for the no-MBP group), wound infection (7.5% for the MBP group vs 5.5% for the no-MBP group), and reoperation (5.2% for the MBP group vs 2.2% for the no-MBP group) rates were nonstatistically significantly higher in the MBP group. General morbidity and mortality rates were slightly higher in the MBP group. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence to support the use of MBP in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Available data tend to suggest that MBP could be harmful with respect to the incidence of anastomotic leak and does not reduce the incidence of septic complications.     

大肠癌术前不进行肠道准备的应用体会

【摘要】 目的 探讨不行肠道准备在大肠癌手术中的应用价值。方法 将2006年3月至2012年10月的80例择期大肠癌患者随机分成40例实验组和40例对照组,实验组手术前饮食不作限制,无肠道梗阻症状者可进普食,手术前1天可进半流质,手术前1天不给予抗生素肠道准备及机械性肠道准备;对照组手术前2天进半流质,手术前1天进全流,手术前1天22时开始禁食;术前1天口服庆大霉素和灭滴灵;有不全梗阻者予清洁灌肠;无梗阻者,口服清肠剂;围手术期预防性抗生素使用甲硝唑和头孢曲松。分析两组患者的术后恢复情况、术后并发症发生率及术后肠道菌群改变情况等。结果 实验组的术后切口感染肺部感染、腹腔脓肿、术后肠吻合口瘘的发生率及术后首次排气时间和住院时间与对照组相比,无显著性差异(P>0.05);但实验组术后低钠血症的发生率低于对照组,且术后肠道菌群改变明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 术前不进行肠道准备在大肠癌手术中是安全可行的。     

Comparison of oral polyethylene glycol plus a large volume glycerine enema with a large volume glycerine enema alone in patients undergoing colorectal surgery for malignancy: a randomized clinical trial

Aim Recent meta‐analyses and randomized clinical trials have concluded that mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) before elective colorectal surgery is not associated with a reduction of surgical site infection (SSI). The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the impact of preoperative MBP for colon and rectal cancer surgery in comparison with a single glycerine enema. Method Patients scheduled for radical colorectal resection for malignancy with primary anastomosis were randomized to preoperative MBP (4 l of polyethylene glycol) (group 1, 114 patients) plus a glycerine 5% enema (2 l) or a single glycerine 5% enema (2 l) (group 2, 115 patients). The postoperative incidence of SSI was recorded prospectively. Patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy or robotic) accounted for 55 and 51 in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Results In all, 229 patients were included in the study, 114 in group 1 and 115 in group 2. At least one SSI was reported in 16 (14.0%) group 1 and in 20 (17.8%) group 2 patients (P = 0.475). Perioperative mortality was nil. The incidence of SSI was comparable also in the 73 patients who had a low anterior resection (seven of 33 vs eight of 40, P = 1.000), and for the 106 patients who underwent a minimally invasive procedure (nine of 55 vs four of 51, P = 0.241). Conclusion A single large‐volume glycerine enema is effective bowel preparation before colorectal resection whether performed by an open or minimally invasive technique.     

加速康复外科在老年结直肠癌患者中的应用

目的探讨围手术期中将加速康复外科（ERAS）理念应用于老年结直肠癌患者的安全性和有效性。 方法收集2015年2月至2017年1月烟台毓璜顶医院应用ERAS理念的结直肠癌手术患者的临床资料,共纳入160例患者,根据年龄分为青年组（<65岁,97例）和老年组（≥65岁,63例）,对比研究两组患者的胃肠功能恢复情况、术后并发症、术后住院时间。 结果相对于青年组,老年组患者ASA评分更高（χ²=10.960,P=0.001）,并且明显合并更多的基础病（P<0.05）。两组患者手术类型、手术方式以及术后并发症总发生率、严重并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.171、1.039、0.296、0.001,P=0.680、0.595、0.586、0.979）。老年组患者非手术并发症尤其是心血管并发症更常见。青年组患者二次手术率为6.2%,再入院率为5.2%;老年组分别为9.5%、3.2%,两组差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.641、0.041,P=0.433、0.839）。老年组患者肠功能恢复较慢,术后首次肛门排气、术后首次肛门排便、住院时间较青年组患者明显延长（Z=1.89、2.37、3.11,P=0.034、0.013、0.001）。 结论加速康复外科在老年患者结直肠癌手术中的应用是安全有效的。     

自膨胀型金属支架治疗晚期结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的临床初步研究

目的:探讨经结肠镜配合X线下置入钛镍记忆合金支架治疗晚期结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的安全性与临床疗效。方法:对35例晚期结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的患者行永久性支架置入术姑息治疗(支架组),以35例接受传统结肠造瘘手术的同类患者作为对照组,比较两组的手术成功率及临床疗效。结果:支架组放置成功率为100%,并发症发生率为8.57%(术后发生1例肠穿孔,2例支架再梗阻),患者术后即可下床活动,不需人工肛门,随访1年生存率为94.2%;对照组手术成功率100%,并发症发生率为31.42%(术后5例肺部感染,5例切口感染,1例腹腔感染),随访1年生存率为97.1%。两组患者术后肠梗阻均完全缓解,但支架组与对照比较,肠道梗阻缓解迅速,生活质量明显改善,费用更低,并发症发生率低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:结肠镜配合X线下置入钛镍记忆合金支架治疗结直肠癌恶性梗阻是一种简单可行、安全有效、并发症少的姑息性治疗手段,能减轻患者痛苦、提高生活质量,并且患者可获得与外科手术相当的生存时间。     

肠道支架减压在左侧大肠癌梗阻一期切除吻合中的应用

目的 探讨术前肠道支架减压在左侧大肠癌梗阻一期切除吻合中运用的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析2005年5月至2008年9月浙江中医药大学附属第一医院收治的97例左侧大肠癌患者临床资料.支架联合手术组46例,为左侧大肠癌合并肠梗阻的患者,成功放置肠道支架减压后行手术一期切除吻合治疗.单纯手术组51例,为无梗阻的左侧大肠癌而限期手术治疗的患者.观察两组患者术后胃肠功能恢复、术后住院时间、并发症发生情况.采用t检验、χ~2检验对数据进行分析.结果 支架联合手术组46例中,1例乙状结肠癌患者于肠道支架植入术后第4天出现肠道穿孔致弥漫性腹膜炎,急诊行乙状结肠癌根治术.45例均顺利完成一期手术治疗,术后11～16 d痊愈出院,1例患者术后10 d死于呼吸道感染及心功能衰竭.术后随访4～48个月.两组患者在术后肛门排气时间、住院时间、围手术期并发症发生率、复发转移率、随访期内生存率方面比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.164,1.358,χ~2=0.252,1.200,0.580,P>0.05).结论 术前肠道支架减压是治疗左侧大肠癌梗阻患者安全、有效的方法.     

Randomized clinical trial of mechanical bowel preparation versus no preparation before elective left-sided colorectal surgery

BACKGROUND: Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is performed routinely before colorectal surgery to reduce the risk of postoperative infectious complications. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the outcome of patients who underwent elective left-sided colorectal surgery with or without MBP. METHODS: Patients scheduled for elective left-sided colorectal resection with primary anastomosis were randomized to preoperative MBP (3 litres of polyethylene glycol) (group 1) or surgery without MBP (group 2). Postoperative abdominal infectious complications and extra-abdominal morbidity were recorded prospectively. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-three patients were included in the study, 78 in group 1 and 75 in group 2. Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups. The overall rate of abdominal infectious complications (anastomotic leak, intra-abdominal abscess, peritonitis and wound infection) was 22 per cent in group 1 and 8 per cent in group 2 (P = 0.028). Anastomotic leak occurred in five patients (6 per cent) in group 1 and one (1 per cent) in group 2 (P = 0.210) [corrected] Extra-abdominal morbidity rates were 24 and 11 per cent respectively (P = 0.034). Hospital stay was longer for patients who had MBP (mean(s.d.) 14.9(13.1) versus 9.9(3.8) days; P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: Elective left-sided colorectal surgery without MBP is safe and is associated with reduced postoperative morbidity.