腹腔镜直肠癌根治术保留左结肠动脉关键技术与意义

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术保留左结肠动脉是近年临床上争议的热点,也有其发展的过程。前腹腔镜时代直肠癌手术更多的是低位结扎肠系膜下动脉(IMA),保留或不保留左结肠动脉(LCA),一般不清扫系膜根部淋巴结(253组),近年随着手术越来越规范,更多的强调行253组淋巴结清扫,为了手术方便多行IMA根部离断,不保留LCA,同时带来一系列临床问题的探讨,又提出保留左结肠动脉直肠癌根治术。本文列举腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留左结肠动脉的要求、关键技术、以及临床意义,更多的是结合自己的体会,认为保留左结肠动脉一定要在根治的前提下,在腹腔镜下更易做好,该术式改进有很多优点和重要的临床意义。     

肠系膜下动脉在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中的处理方式 及保留左结肠动脉的临床意义

目的:探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留左结肠动脉(LCA)的临床应用价值及意义。方法:回顾分析2016年3月至2018年2月为56例患者行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的临床资料,患者分为低位结扎组(n=28,保留LCA)与高位结扎组(n=28,不保留LCA),比较两组患者术前CEA值、手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、肠系膜下动脉(IMA)根部淋巴结(253组)清扫数量、IMA根部淋巴结转移率、术后肛门首次排气时间、术后恢复自主排尿时间、吻合口漏发生率等指标。结果:两组患者术前CEA值、手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、IMA根部淋巴结清扫数量、IMA根部淋巴结转移率、术后恢复自主排尿时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低位结扎组术后肛门首次排气时间、吻合口漏发生率优于高位结扎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留LCA既可达到彻底清扫淋巴结的目的,又能有效保障肠管血供,降低吻合口漏发生率,促进肛门早期排气,安全、可靠,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

腹腔镜直肠癌手术中保留左结肠动脉与否疗效对比研究

目的根据腹腔镜直肠癌手术中对于肠系膜下动脉处理方式的不同,探讨术中保留左结肠动脉的临床效果与应用价值。方法回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院2015年1月至2016年12月间523例腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的临床资料,分为低位结扎肠系膜下动脉组(低位结扎组)203例,高位结扎肠系膜下动脉组(高位结扎组)320例,比较两组病人术中情况、术后病理情况以及术后情况的变化。结果低位结扎组与高位结扎组在病人年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤侵犯肠壁深度、病理分型、分化程度、术中出血量、术后尿潴留发生率等方面差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。但低位结扎组在术后首次通气时间、吻合口漏发生率以及术后3个月排便频次方面明显低于高位结扎组(P0.05);在术中淋巴结收获数量方面低位结扎组较高位结扎组多(P0.05),但在整个手术时间上,低位结扎组却高于高位结扎组(P0.05)。结论保留左结肠动脉的腹腔镜直肠癌手术可以完成与高位结扎同样彻底的淋巴结清扫,并在一定程度上增加了淋巴结检出数目,降低了吻合口漏的发生率与术后首次通气时间,有临床推广价值。     

直肠癌手术高位结扎肠系膜下动脉的争议与意义

肠系膜下动脉的处理是直肠癌手术的关键步骤之一，但肠系膜下动脉的结扎部位仍存在一定的争议。其争议的焦点在于保留左结肠动脉（LCA）对于肿瘤根治度、吻合口漏发生率、自主神经损伤以及对肠道功能的影响。目前资料显示，保留LCA在保证吻合口血供和促进肠道功能恢复方面均有明显优势。随着3D、4K高清腹腔镜的出现，以及能量平台等各种技术的进步，保留神经和血管的微创手术必将成为未来的发展方向。     

保留左结肠动脉对腹腔镜中低位直肠癌根治术后吻合口漏的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助中低位直肠癌根治术中保留左结肠动脉(LCA)的肠系膜下动脉(IMA)低位结扎技术对术后吻合口漏的影响。方法:收集2019年1月至2020年12月收治的145例中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料。对比保留LCA的IMA低位结扎(LT)组(n=64)与不保留LCA的IMA高位结扎(HT)组(n=81)的临床疗效。结果:两组均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无一例中转开腹。两组患者术前一般资料差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。LT组手术时间[(164.31±49.00)min vs.(138.00±35.72)min,P0.001]长于HT组;LT组与HT组253组淋巴结清扫总数[1(0,2) vs. 1(0,2),P=0.520]及术后乳糜瘘(3%vs. 0,P=0.193)、尿潴留(6.3%vs. 4.9%,P=1.000)、吻合口漏[4/64(6.3%)vs. 10/81(12.3%),P=0.217]发生率差异均无统计学意义,吻合口漏的分级两组差异亦无统计学意义(P=0.729)。结论:腹腔镜辅助中低位直肠癌根治术中,以根治为前提保留LCA可达到同样彻底的淋巴结清扫效果,不增加术后相关并发症,但手术时间可能更长,仍无法改善术后吻合口漏发生率及其分级。     

肠系膜下动脉不同处理方式对直肠癌根治术影响的对比研究

目的探讨肠系膜下动脉（IMA）低位结扎与高位结扎并根部淋巴结廓清对直肠癌根治术的意义。方法对2007年5月—2008年5月收治的156例直肠癌患者进行回顾性分析,低位结扎组80例,高位结扎组76例。低位结扎组采用肠系膜下动脉低化结扎并根部淋巴结廓清,高位结扎组采用肠系膜下动脉高位结扎斤根部淋巴结廓清。比较两组IMA根部淋巴结转移率、淋巴结清扫数量、复发率、5年生存牢及并发症发病率,并进行统计学分析。结果低位结扎组IMA根部淋巴结转移率为15．0％,高位结扎组IMA根部淋巴结转移率为14．5％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;对比两组术后复发率、5年生存率、吻合口瘘、性功能障碍和尿潴留的发病率,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;低位结扎组肠道功能恢复时间、低位直肠前切除综合征的发病率低于高位结扎组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论肠系膜下动脉低位结扎并根部淋巴结廓清可达到直肠癌根治。与传统IMA高位结扎相比,对患苦的复发率、5年生存率及并发症发病率无影响。     

保留左结肠动脉的腹腔镜低位直肠癌前切除术

目的探讨腹腔镜低位直肠癌前切除术中处理肠系膜下动脉(inferior mesenteric artery,IMA)时保留左结肠动脉(left colonic artery,LCA)的可行性及临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院2010年5月~2014年10月85例腹腔镜低位直肠癌前切除术的临床资料,其中保留LCA 44例,IMA根部结扎(不保留LCA)41例,比较2组临床病理资料、手术效果及术后并发症。结果 2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、第3站淋巴结清扫数目及转移率均无显著性差异(P0.05)。保留LCA组无游离脾曲及末端回肠造口,不保留LCA组6例游离脾曲(P=0.010),3例行末端回肠造口(P=0.108)。2组术后吻合口漏、复发、转移率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜低位直肠癌前切除术保留LCA可以保障近端结肠血运,保证第3站淋巴结根治性。     

精准保留左结肠动脉并根部淋巴结清扫的腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术中根据肠系膜下动脉(IMA)不同分型精准保留左结肠动脉(LCA)及根部淋巴结清扫的临床意义。方法:采用回顾性对比性的方法纳入2016年6月至2018年6月施行的72例腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术,其中38例根据IMA分型行精准保留LCA并廓清IMA根部淋巴结(保留LCA组),34例不保留LCA,行传统高位结扎术(高位结扎组);对比分析两组临床资料、围手术期疗效指标及术后恢复情况。结果:两组手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹,两组手术时间、术中出血量、预防性造口率及术后病理分期差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组淋巴结清扫总数、阳性淋巴结数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。保留LCA组术后1例发生吻合口出血,高位结扎组术后2例发生排尿功能障碍、2例吻合口漏,两组术后并发症总发生率分别为2.6%与11.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留LCA并清扫根部淋巴结可达到肿瘤根治效果,并能降低术后总并发症发生率,是安全、有效的。     

老年中低位直肠癌患者腹腔镜直肠前切除术中保留左结肠动脉的疗效分析

目的:探讨老年中低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜直肠前切除术中保留左结肠动脉(LCA)的可行性及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2016年1月至2019年12月66例行腹腔镜直肠前切除术的老年中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中33例术中保留LCA(保留LCA组);33例术中行肠系膜下动脉根部结扎不保留LCA(不保留LCA组)。对比分析两组患者基本资料及术中、术后、随访、标本等相关指标。结果:保留LCA组术后排气时间[(56.45±22.06)h vs.(70.61±26.39)h]、术后住院时间[(11.03±3.56)d vs.(13.36±4.94)d]短于不保留LCA组(P0.05);两组手术时间、术中出血量、进食流质时间、253组淋巴结清扫数量、淋巴结清扫总数、术后总并发症发生率、吻合口漏发生率及短期随访指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:老年中低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜直肠前切除术中保留LCA是安全、可行的,不影响肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结的清扫、短期复发、转移、死亡率,且可缩短术后排气时间、术后住院时间,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

保留盆腔自主神经的TME术中肠系膜下动脉低位结扎与高位结扎的效果分析

目的研究腹腔镜保留盆腔自主神经的直肠癌根治术(PANP)的全直肠系膜切除术(TME)中肠系膜下动脉(IMA)低位结扎与高位结扎的临床效果。 方法将2018年5月至2019年4月收治的直肠癌患者42例分为两组进行前瞻性研究，21例行肠系膜下动脉低位结扎为低位结扎组，21例行肠系膜下动脉高位结扎为高位结扎组。采用SPSS24.0进行数据分析，术后并发症发生率、术后6个月排尿功能及性功能比较采用χ²检验；术中术后各项指标用( ±s)表示，采用独立样本t检验，以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果两组患者均手术成功，无中转开腹。高位结扎组加行回肠造口术患者2例(9.5%)，低位结扎组加行回肠造口术患者3例(14.2%)，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低位结扎组术中出血量、术后首次排气时间方面少于高位结扎组，(P<0.05)；其他各项两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高位结扎组发生术后并发症共5例(23.8%)，略少于低位结扎组的7例(33.3%)，但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高位结扎组术后排尿功能障碍及性功能障碍发生率均较低位结扎组低(P<0.05)。 结论腹腔镜下TME手术中，IMA的高位结扎与低位结扎均能有着相同的安全性与肿瘤根治效果，低位结扎在肠道功能恢复方面更有优势，但高位结扎对保护盆腔自主神经的作用更甚，对患者术后生活质量的改善更有意义。     

保留左动脉与高位结扎用于腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的近中期随访比较

目的比较保留左动脉与高位结扎用于腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的近中期疗效。方法回顾性队列研究2015年12月至2019年12月79例腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者临床资料,根据术中是否保留左结肠动脉分为保留组(n=41例,保留左结肠动脉)和结扎组(n=38例,高位结扎)。采用SPSS 23.0统计软件分析数据,围术期相关指标、吻合口边缘动脉血流情况以(x±s)表示,采用独立样本t检验;并发症、复发率等指标用χ²检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果保留组患者术后排气时间、首次进食时间低于结扎组(P<0.05);保留组术后吻合口边缘动脉收缩期最大流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)均比结扎组高(P<0.05)。保留组并发症总发生率(19.5%)与结扎组(23.7%)相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但保留组吻合口漏发生率低于结扎组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后2年局部复发率、转移率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论保留左结肠动脉可有效改善吻合口血供情况,减少术后吻合口漏发生风险,并可促进术后胃肠功能恢复。     

The problem of anastomosis of the large intestine

Healing problems following surgery of the colo-rectal junction seem to be due primarily to the blood supply of the anastomosis. Radical resections of the draining lymph system (metastatic road) including the dissection of the inferior mesenteric artery in patients with distal colonic cancer may reduce the blood flow to the oral stump of the anastomosis dramatically. In a retrospective analysis, this kind of resection technique will have a much higher incidence in anastomotic stenosis compared to controls without ligation of the artery. By using the electrical knife versus scalpel or scissors a significant higher damage of the colonic wall in animals and increased healing problems of anastomoses can be expected clinically.     

腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术肠系膜下动脉不同结扎平面对患者预后的影响

目的分析腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术中肠系膜下动脉不同结扎平面对患者预后的影响。 方法选取2007年6月至2014年6月间青岛市市立医院收治的行腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术136例患者为研究对象，根据肠系膜下动脉不同的结扎平面，分为保留左结肠动脉的低位结扎组（LL组）76例和不保留左结肠动脉的高位结扎组（HL组）60例。比较两组患者围手术期指标，随访并评价两组的预后。 结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、淋巴结清扫总数和第253组淋巴结清扫个数差异无统计学意义（t=6.109、4.339、8.386、0.233、0.198，P=0.318、0.416、0.512、0.821、0.669）；LL组术后吻合口瘘的发生率明显低于HL组（χ²=5.186，P=0.029）。HL组术后3、5年总体生存率分别为80.00%和73.33%，LL组分别为77.63%和72.37%，两组比较差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.536、2.156，P=0.863、0.698）。 结论腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术中肠系膜下动脉不同结扎平面可获得相近的淋巴结清扫效果，保留左结肠动脉的低位结扎平面术后吻合口瘘的发生率更低，其他围手术期指标没有差异，联合第三站中央淋巴结清扫值得应用推广。     

保留左结肠动脉的腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术的临床体会

目的:探讨保留左结肠动脉的腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术(Dixon)的可行性及应用价值。方法:回顾分析2010~2013年47例直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料,将患者随机分为两组,25例行传统腹腔镜直肠癌根治术(传统组),22例行保留左结肠动脉的腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术(研究组)。对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫情况、术后局部复发及吻合口漏的发生情况。结果:47例手术均获成功。两组手术时间、术中出血量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),清扫淋巴结数量差异统计学意义。两组患者术中均无直肠破裂穿孔,血管、输尿管及邻近器官损伤,吻合口无张力。术后传统组发生吻合口漏1例。术后随访无淋巴结转移。结论:对于临床分期Ⅰ~Ⅲ期的直肠癌患者,腹腔镜手术可清晰解剖肠系膜下动脉各分支,在不影响肠系膜下动脉周围淋巴结清扫的基础上,行保留左结肠动脉的Dixon术保证了吻合口的血运,降低了吻合口张力,从而降低了吻合口漏的发生率。     

��ǻ��ֱ���������б�����᳦���������Ч�Ա��о�

??Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer with and without preservation of the left colonic artery??A comparative study LUO Yang, QIN Jun, CHEN Jian-jun, et al??Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
Corresponding author??ZHONG Ming, E-mail: drzhongming1966@163.com
Abstract Objective To evaluate the clinical significance and value of preserving left colic artery ??LCA?? when treating the inferior mesenteric artery ??IMA?? in laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 523 cases of rectal cancer performed laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer in Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2015 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. All the cases include 203 cases with preservation of LCA ??low ligation group?? and 320 cases without preservation of LCA ??high ligation group??. The clinical conditions during operation and after operation were compared between two groups. Results The difference was not significant statistically in age?? sex?? tumor size?? depth of tumor invasion?? histopathologic type??tumor differentiation?? blood loss and urinary retention rate between two groups??P??0.05??. The postoperative exhaust time, anastomotic leakage rate and defecation frequency 3 months after operation in low ligation group were lower than those in high ligation group??P??0.05??. What’s more?? the number of lymph node and operative time in low ligation group was more in high ligation group??P??0.05??. Conclusion Preservation of left colic artery in laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer can achieve radical clearance of lymph nodes?? increase the number of lymph node detection?? reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage rate and postoperative exhaust time?? which is worth clinical promotion.     

High 1-Year Complication Rate after Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer

Background

Surgical options after anterior resection for rectal cancer include a primary anastomosis, anastomosis with a defunctioning stoma, and an end colostomy. This study describes short-term and 1-year outcomes of these different surgical strategies.

Methods

Patients undergoing surgical resection for primary mid and high rectal cancer were retrospectively studied in seven Dutch hospitals with 1-year follow-up. Short-term endpoints were postoperative complications, re-interventions, prolonged hospital stay, and mortality. One-year endpoints were unplanned readmissions and re-interventions, presence of stoma, and mortality.

Results

Nineteen percent of 388 included patients received a primary anastomosis, 55 % an anastomosis with defunctioning stoma, and 27 % an end colostomy. Short-term anastomotic leakage was 10 % in patients with a primary anastomosis vs. 7 % with a defunctioning stoma (P?=?0.46). An end colostomy was associated with less severe re-interventions. One-year outcomes showed low morbidity and mortality rates in patients with an anastomosis. Patients with a defunctioning stoma had high (18 %) readmissions and re-intervention (12 %) rates, mostly due to anastomotic leakage. An end colostomy was associated with unplanned re-interventions due to stoma/abscess problems. During follow-up, there was a 30 % increase in patients with an end colostomy.

Conclusions

This study showed a high 1-year morbidity rate after anterior resection for rectal cancer. A defunctioning stoma was associated with a high risk for late complications including anastomotic leakage. An end colostomy is a safe alternative to prevent anastomotic leakage, but stomal problems cannot be ignored. Selecting low-risk patients for an anastomosis may lead to favorable short- and 1-year outcomes.     

The management and outcome of anastomotic leaks in colorectal surgery

Purpose  Anastomotic leaks in colorectal surgery are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and may result in poor functional and oncological outcomes. Diagnostic difficulties may delay identification and appropriate management of leaks. The aim of this study was to look at the diagnosis, clinical management and outcomes of anastamotic leaks in our department.
Method  A retrospective audit and case note review of all patients who underwent the formation of a colorectal anastomosis between January 1996 and December 2002 ( n  = 1421) was performed. An anastomotic leak was defined as sepsis identified to have arisen from an anastomosis that subsequently required surgery, radiological drainage or intravenous antibiotics. Forty-one patients (25 male, 16 female) with a median age of 60 years (range 7–89 years) were identified as having suffered an anastomotic leak.
Results  The median time to diagnosis of an anastomotic leak following surgery was 7 days (range 3–29). At re-operation, 21 patients (51%) underwent formation of a stoma, and any who required the anastomosis to be formally taken down have been left with a 'permanent' stoma. Currently only four of 12 patients (33%) who required a stoma for an anastomotic leak following anterior resection have undergone stoma reversal. Eleven of 16 patients (69%) who had received a stoma following another colorectal procedure had undergone stoma reversal. The mortality associated with an anastamotic leak in this series was 5% ( n  = 2).
Conclusion  Although anastomotic leaks following colorectal surgery are associated with significant morbidity and stoma formation, early and aggressive management should result in a low overall mortality. If an anastomosis is taken down following an anastomotic leak after anterior resection, this will usually result in a 'permanent' stoma.     

��λֱ�������������ǺϿ�©����խԭ������

??Anastomotic leakage and stenosis after sphincter-preserving surgery for low rectal cancer??Causes and treatment FU Chuan-gang, HAO Li-qiang. Department of Colorectal Surgery??Changhai Hospital??the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai200433??China
Corresponding author??FU Chuan-gang, E-mail??fugang416@126.com
Abstract Both anastomotic leakage and stricture are common after low anterior resection and sphincter preserving operation for rectal cancer. Besides the factors related to the patients, factors like professional colorectal surgeon or not??location and size of the tumor??quality of the staplers and property to use it??local blood supply and tension are closely related to the incidence of anastomotic leakage. Once the leakage was suspected??active measures should been taken??including better drainage and irrigation and even re-operation for proximal stoma. Anastomotic stricture is closely related to the anastomotic leakage and infection and can be treated by digital or balloon dilation??trans-anal excision or trans-abdominal resection.