锦州市社区老年人骨质疏松认知状况及影响因素的调查

目的 调查锦州市社区老年人骨质疏松相关知识的认知状况及影响因素，为老年人预防骨质疏松提供依据。 方法 以锦州市60周岁及以上的社区老年人为研究对象，采用自行设计问卷对锦州市225名老年人进行调查。 结果 老年人对骨质疏松知识认知情况尚可，其中对于诊断骨质疏松的常见方法（16%）和女性绝经后激素替代治疗可预防骨质疏松（14.2%）的认知较差。获取骨质疏松知识的最常见途径为电视收音机等媒体117人（52%）；所在社区从未有过骨质疏松知识宣传为196人（87.1%）；身边有从事医疗的家人朋友的老年人为76人（33.8%）；愿意采取预防骨质疏松措施为182人（80.9%）；老年人希望了解骨质疏松知识的途径有专业人士讲授、报刊杂志、电视广播、亲朋好友讲述，分别占25.8%、8.9%、32%、3.1%。不同年龄总人群和女性的骨质疏松认知情况随着年龄的增加呈下降趋势；60~年龄组女性对骨质疏松认知情况优于男性。影响老年人骨质疏松认知情况的因素为愿意采取预防措施、社区宣传、有从事医疗的家人朋友、晒太阳、年龄。 结论 加强骨质疏松的专业健康教育，积极在社区或是电视广播等媒体上开展有针对性、简单易懂的骨质疏松健康教育活动，使老年人知晓骨质疏松的危害和正确的预防方式，能够以正确的方法和积极的心态预防和面对骨质疏松。     

综合医院门诊患者骨质疏松认知调查分析

目的 本研究通过对综合医院门诊就诊患者的问卷调查及骨密度测定.了解该群体的骨质疏松患病率及认知度,为门诊就诊患者进行骨质疏松症的教育、预防及治疗提供依据.方法 采用自愿参与,发放自制调查问卷的方式,于2009年9月至2010年3月,在卫生部中日友好医院门诊部,对50岁以上的中老年人群进行骨质疏松症的筛查,并同时应用双能X线骨密度仪测定骨密度.结果 被调查者中对骨质疏松症的认知度为25.9%,坚持补充钙剂预防骨质疏松者比例低,性别、年龄、体重指数、是否服用钙剂、脆性骨折史对骨密度均有明显影响,骨密度下降发生率与女性、高龄、低体重指数呈明显正相关,与曾经服用钙剂呈负相关.总体人群骨量下降及骨质疏松患病率高,共65.3%.结论 北京地区门诊就诊的中老年人群骨密度下降及骨质疏松症的患病率较高,对骨质疏松症的认知率低.年龄>60岁、女性和体重过轻的人群是骨质疏松症发生的危险人群.医务工作者应重视这个群体,选择性进行骨密度检测,并给予相应的治疗.     

重庆市成年男性艾滋病相关知识认知现状调查

目的:了解重庆地区成年男性对艾滋病相关知识认知情况,为开展艾滋病健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法:采用分层多级整群随机抽样方法,对重庆市成年男性进行艾滋病相关知识的现况调查。结果:在1 502例调查对象中,对艾滋病3种主要传播途径(血液传播、母婴垂直传播和性接触传播)的正确回答率分别为85.35%、83.16%、66.11%;有22.70%的调查对象不知道正确使用安全套能预防艾滋病,认为蚊虫叮咬、礼节性接吻、一起吃饭、握手拥抱感染艾滋病的比例分别为54.86%、50.67%、30.29%、19.11%。流动人口在艾滋病知识、传播途径、非传播途径3个方面得分均低于常住人口,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:重庆地区成年男性对艾滋病相关知识有待提高,应有针对性地制定健康教育内容。     

绝经后妇女骨质疏松认知与骨密度关系的研究

目的探讨绝经后妇女骨质疏松认知水平(了解骨质疏松概念且如何防治骨质疏松)与骨密度的关系。方法随机选择1048例福州汉族绝经后妇女问卷调查,骨质疏松认知组379例,无认知组669例,双能X线测定腰椎、股骨颈、大转子和Ward’s区骨密度。SPSS20.0统计软件分析认知组与不同部位骨密度的关系。结果 1认知组与无认知组比较,结果为年龄、月经初潮、怀孕次数、哺乳次数、文化程度、喝牛奶、日光照射、运动时间、腰椎BMD(骨密度)有统计学差异(P0.05)。通过协方差分析,认知组腰椎骨密度(0.752±0.105 g/cm~2)明显高于无认知组腰椎骨密度(0.734±0.098 g/cm~2),P0.01。2四个部位骨密度与影响因素进行相关分析,结果为腰椎骨密度与认知相关。骨质疏松影响因素为年龄、月经初潮、骨质疏松认知、哺乳次数、身高,可知认知为骨质疏松的重要影响因素。3无骨质疏松认知组OP患病率71.16%,认知组70.18%,两组比较无统计学差异P0.05。结论绝经后妇女骨质疏松认知水平与骨密度相关,认知组腰椎骨密度比无认知组高,提示加强认知教育对预防骨质疏松发生具有临床意义。     

寒冷地区中老年人骨质疏松认知水平调查分析

目的 了解寒冷地区部分中老年人患病状况及对OP的认知程度及相关因素,为开展具体有效的健康教育提供依据.方法 对838名中老年人进行OP的认识程度问卷调查,进行统计学分析.结果 多因素非条件Logistic逐步回归分析,有统计学意义(P<0.05)的因素为性别、年龄、是否患有骨质疏松、每周运动天数.女性相对于男性、年龄大5岁相对于小5岁者、患骨质疏松相对于未患者、每周运动次数少于3次相对于大于等于3次者有较高的认知水平.认知水平越高,相关态度及行为越积极.结论 调查结果论证了女性、高龄老年者、患病者对骨质疏松知识了解较多,寒冷地区中老年人患病率高,存在一定的不良生活行为,并希望获得相应的健康知识和服务.     

广州市多社区1529名中老年人骨质疏松患病率及骨质疏松性骨折发生率分析

目的调查了解广州市社区中老年人骨量减少、骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的患病率及骨质疏松性骨折发生率,分析近年来骨质疏松患病率的增减趋势。方法采用现场问卷调查了解受试者的基本资料(包括性别、年龄、身高、体重、骨折史等),并用美国双能X线骨密度仪测量1529例40～87岁中老年人群的腰椎正位和左髋部骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),以性别、年龄分组进行分析。结果随着年龄递增,各组髋部BMD值逐渐下降,而腰椎BMD值并未随着增龄而呈现递减的趋势,60岁以上中老人髋部BMD值显著低于腰椎BMD值(P0.05)。根据腰椎BMD值计算,中老年人OP总患病率为30.7%,其中女性为34.2%,明显高于男性的17.9%(P0.05)。低骨量(osteopenia,OPA)总患病率为41.8%,男女分别为42.4%和41.6%(P0.05)。根据髋部BMD值计算,OP总患病率更高,达到38.2%,女性为39.4%,高于男性的33.9%(P0.05)。OPA总患病率为47.4%,男性为52.7%,女性为46.0%(P0.05)。受调查的中老年男性中有骨折史的为82例,女性为357例,OP患者骨折发生率为37.8%,远高于非OP患者23.1%(P0.01),再骨折发生率OP患者为6.2%,高于非OP患者的2.64%(P0.01)。结论广州市社区中老年人骨质疏松患病率和脆性骨折发生率较高,且其发生率均较以往有明显增高的趋势,建议早筛查、早诊断、早治疗。根据髋部BMD值进行骨质疏松评估的敏感性更高,应该首选髋部作为骨密度测量的部位。     

骨科护士FTS知识水平及护理模式认知情况调查分析

[目的]了解骨科护士快速康复外科(FTS)知识掌握水平及护理模式认知程度,分析FTS理念在骨科围手术期护理中的临床应用现状及存在问题,探讨不同人口学特征因素的影响。[方法]采用便利抽样法,对山东省7所三级甲等医院220名骨科护士进行FTS知识水平及护理模式认知情况调查,了解FTS在骨科围手术期应用现状及存在问题。[结果] 220名骨科护士FTS理论知识问答平均正确率75.16%,知识掌握处于中等水平,骨科护士FTS护理模式认知总均分(50.79±8.83)分,认知程度处于中等水平,骨科护士不同人口学特征对FTS知识掌握水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]骨科FTS知识培训的投入不能满足临床一线护理人员需求,应采取有效措施进一步提升知识水平,改善护士对FTS护理模式的认知现状,提高骨科围手术期护理质量。     

山东省大学生院前急救认知调查

目的 了解山东省大学生对院前急救知识的需求,期望获得院前急救知识的途径以及对实施院前急救的态度.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法 对山东省l 585名大学生进行院前急救认知调查.结果 大学生急救知识均分6.69分(满分13分);对实施院前急救的态度均分2.70分(满分4分);希望学习院前急救知识的前5种途径是讲座、现场演示、选修课、宣传单、暑期实践;关于普及急救知识的最重要的责任方,65.99%选择学校和国家政府.结论 大学生院前急救知识较差,急切希望获取院前急救知识与技能,学校和国家政府应担负起院前急救知识普及的重任.     

对临床护士压疮相关知识认知现状的调查及对策

目的:了解临床护士对压疮相关知识的认知状况,分析原因,提出相应对策.方法:采取自行设计的调查问卷,对152名不同临床科室各学历护士进行压疮有关知识的问卷调查.结果:护理人员对压疮知识知识掌握不够全面,尤其压疮护理新进展知识欠缺,部分压疮知识掌握和实际应用存在盲目性.结论:针对临床护士压疮知识贫乏,对相关知识掌握存在偏差的现状,需对临床护士加强压疮相关知识培训与管理,提高对压疮知识和技能的掌握,提高压疮防治盾量.     

山东省大学生院前急救认知调查

目的了解山东省大学生对院前急救知识的需求，期望获得院前急救知识的途径以及对实施院前急救的态度。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法对山东省1585名大学生进行院前急救认知调查。结果大学生急救知识均分6．69分（满分13分）；对实施院前急救的态度均分2．70分（满分4分）；希望学习院前急救知识的前5种途径是讲座、现场演示、选修课、宣传单、暑期实践；关于普及急救知识的最重要的责任方，65．99％选择学校和国家政府。结论大学生院前急救知识较差，急切希望荻取院前急救知识与技能，学校和国家政府应担负起院前急救知识普及的重任。     

上海地区中老年妇女骨质疏松KAP调查结果的若干分析

本随机上海市７个社区３５００名３５～７５岁中老年妇女进行了有关骨质疏松知识、态度和实践能力（ＫＡＰ）的调查。调查结果反映,有一半以上的人能认识到骨质疏松的危害,但涉及进一步骨质疏松详细知识,仅不能２０％的人掌握。６３．４％的人曾获得过骨质疏松有关知识,其中从电视、书刊、报纸和广告中获得的５８．７％,而从医务人员处获得的只占１４％,另外愿采取补钙措施来预防骨质疏松的人只占４４％,而对已有骨质疏松症     

Relationship of knowledge about osteoporosis with education level and life habits

AIM: To assess possible relationships of knowledge and related factors with educational level and osteoporosis-related life habits.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted on 268 women (≥ 35 years old) from June 2011 to August 2011. The sample collection was done in outpatient clinics in three university hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. We used a demographic questionnaire containing questions that evaluated osteoporosis-related life habits, including exercise, smoking, intake of calcium and vitamin D supplements and so on. We also used the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool to measure osteoporosis knowledge of women.RESULTS: The mean level of knowledge about awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors and preventive factors were 56, 55 and 22, respectively. The relationship of education level and awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors and preventive factors was significant, with R = 0.76, R = 0.73 and R = 0.83, respectively (P < 0.001). The relationship of education level and osteoporosis-related life habits was not significant (R = 0.03 and P = 0.56). The relationship of osteoporosis-related life habits and awareness of osteoporosis and its risk factors was significant, with R = 16%, P = 0.006 and R = 16%, P = 0.008, respectively, but the relationship of osteoporosis-related life habits and preventive factors was not significant (R = 0, P = 0.99).CONCLUSION: Iranian women with a higher education level have significantly better knowledge about osteoporosis than women with a lower educational level but they do not use this knowledge in their life.     

Management of osteoporosis in general practice: a cross-sectional survey of primary care practitioners in Spain

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the current situation in Spain regarding diagnosis and care of patients with osteoporosis in the primary care setting. A total of 2,500 primary care physicians who were homogeneously grouped in autonomous communities throughout the country received a postal 30-item anonymous self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire covered demographics and personal characteristics of the physicians, conditions in everyday consultation, and degree of knowledge with regard to risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of the disease. The overall response was 850 (34%). The mean age of physicians surveyed was 43 years (range 23–66 years). The percentage of physicians specialized in community and family medicine was 46.7%. In 55.2% of cases, years of practice ranged between 11 and 20, and 55.7% of physicians visited between 31 and 50 patients per day. Age and years of practice were not associated with daily number of visits. Only 4% of physicians stated that there were specific programs for osteoporosis implemented in their primary care center. Diagnostic complementary investigations that could be ordered included plain radiographs in 96.2% of cases and bone densitometry in 27.8%. Laboratory tests included serum hormones in 61.6% of cases, PTH in 50.2%, and bone alkaline phosphatase in 33.4%. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was made always personally in 25.2% of cases. Personal diagnosis and follow-up, as well as actions directed to detection of osteoporosis were significantly higher among physicians working in centers with specific programs for osteoporosis. With regard to knowledge about osteoporosis, the mean percentage of correct responses was 63%. The percentage of correct responses was inversely associated with age and years of practice, and positively associated with speciality of community and family medicine. Primary care providers are in a good position to assess risk factors and recommend prevention strategies, as well as to play an active role in the diagnosis, care, and follow-up of patients with osteoporosis. Practitioners of younger age and relatively few years of practice were those with more up-to-date information regarding the disease, and the existence of a specific program for osteoporosis seems to improve the management of this condition.     

心理干预对大学生同性恋消极态度的影响

目的探索大学生对同性恋消极态度的干预效果。方法以河北联合大学筛选的31名对同性恋态度较为消极的大学生作为实验组，31名同质学生作为对照组，针对其对同性恋的消极态度进行心理干预。在心理干预前、后施测自行编制的同性恋态度问卷。结果心理干预前实验组与对照组态度得分无显著差异，在心理干预后，实验组消极态度得分显著低于对照组。结论心理干预对于大学生对同性恋消极态度的改善效果明显。     

Psychometric properties of the “Osteoporosis and You” questionnaire: osteoporosis knowledge deficits among older community-dwelling women

Summary In older women, knowledge about risk factors for osteoporosis was good, with over 75% responding correctly to questions about lifestyle factors, family history, height loss, and menopausal status. However, significant knowledge deficits were identified regarding osteoporosis “consequences” and “prevention and treatment.” Introduction We examined osteoporosis knowledge by testing the psychometric properties of the 10-item knowledge component of the “Osteoporosis and You” questionnaire. Several knowledge domains were hypothesized. Methods Community-dwelling women aged 65–90 years residing within two regions of Ontario, Canada were studied (N = 869). Data were collected by standardized telephone interviews in 2003 and 2004. Items to which 75% or more responded correctly were identified as having a low index of difficulty; the remaining items identified areas of knowledge deficit. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test scale structure. Results Six of the ten items had a low index of difficulty. These items largely examined osteoporosis risk factors. The remaining four items identified significant knowledge deficits in the areas of osteoporosis consequences, prevention, and treatment. Confirmatory factor analysis identified four distinct osteoporosis knowledge domains. However, the internal consistency was low for all but one domain, which examined “prevention and treatment.” Conclusion Although older women appear to be aware of osteoporosis risk factors, knowledge deficits regarding the consequences of osteoporosis and that treatment exists to prevent bone loss were identified. Better understanding of the multi-dimensional aspects of osteoporosis knowledge may help to inform the development of effective educational interventions.     

大庆地区老年人对骨质疏松症的认知程度及患病率调查

目的调查大庆地区60岁以上老年人对骨质疏松的认知情况及骨质疏松患病率。方法对来我院就诊的361名60岁以上患者进行骨质疏松危险因素问卷调查,并行骨密度检查。骨密度检查采用美国GE公司生产的Luner Prodigy Advance型骨密度仪,检测受试者腰椎和股骨颈骨密度。将361例检测结果按不同性别每5岁为一年龄组,应用SPSS19.0软件统计分析骨密度测量指标及骨质疏松患病率。结果大庆地区60岁以上老年人对于骨质疏松危险因素的知晓率由高到低依次是钙饮食少或素食40.2%,长期使用激素34.9%,光照少29.9%,运动少25.5%,吸烟16.1%,饮酒15.5%,身体瘦小7.2%,骨质疏松家族史6.1%,肝肾功能不全4.2%,器官移植1.4%,绝经后或绝经过早1.1%。60~64岁年龄段男性骨质疏松症发生率为15.2%,女性为28.3%;65~69岁年龄段男性骨质疏松发生率为26.7%,女性为29.4%;70~74岁年龄段男性骨质疏松发生率为25.0%,女性为44.4%;75~79岁年龄段男性骨质疏松发生率为36.4%,女性为77.8%;80岁以上男性骨质疏松发生率为66.7%,女性为83.3%。结论大庆地区60岁以上人群对于骨质疏松危险因素的知晓率较低,骨质疏松患病率较高,提醒广大医务工作者应广泛开展骨质疏松健康教育。     

护理心理干预对获得性免疫缺陷综合征大学生的影响

分析大学生获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)心理并对其进行针对性的心理干预,结果显示心理干预是预防大学生AIDS的有效方法。大学生发生AIDS的危险性正在不断增加,被视为净土的大学校园正在逐渐被AIDS侵蚀,面临这种不堪的现状,对大学生采取一定程度的心理干预至关重要。     

Knowledge about osteoporosis in a cohort of Polish females: the influence of age,level of education and personal experiences

In this study, a group of 1065 women aged 16–72 years recruited from patients attending general practitioners was studied to investigate knowledge of osteoporosis and attitude towards methods of preventing the disease. The interviews were carried out by students of the Silesian School of Medicine, using a structured questionnaire. The average number of correct answers in the whole population was 7.05, and in women with established osteoporosis 6.89. In the whole population, the majority of answers were correct and ranged from 60% to 95% in seven out of ten questions. The answers for three questions were incorrect in about half or more of the cohort: 53% of subjects considered that osteoporosis could be cured; for 50% of women osteoporosis is a minor health problem (except for the youngest women and women with university education—74% and 69% of correct answers, respectively); and 58% of women considered that those with osteoporosis should not engage in physical activity due to the risk of falling and causing a fracture. A simple chi-squared test was used to show the role of age, level of education and personal experiences with osteoporosis on answers given by the subjects studied. Age (six out of ten answers), level of education (seven out of ten answers) and personal experience (four out of ten answers) significantly affected answers given. The number of correct answers decreased with age and increased with level of education, and there was no systematic influence of personal experience. In summary, data collected provide important information about knowledge of osteoporosis. Generally, the level of knowledge about osteoporosis was high. Higher level of education and younger age improve the knowledge of osteoporosis with no systematic influence of personal experience with the disease.     

骨质疏松预防与自我管理课程对绝经后女性骨质疏松认知及健康行为的影响

目的评价骨质疏松预防与自我管理课程(osteoporosis prevention and self-management course,OPSMC)对绝经后女性骨质疏松认知及健康行为的影响。方法将2011年7月-2012年7月在沈阳军区总医院就诊的267名绝经后妇女随机分为干预组133例和对照组134例。干预组采用OPSMC规定课程,对照组同步实施与骨质疏松无关的健康宣教。干预前及3个月后分别采用骨质疏松症知识问卷(OKT)、骨质疏松症自我效能量表(OSES)和自设的骨质疏松健康行为问卷对两组受试者进行评价。结果 2组受试者OKT和OSES评分在不同时间点差异有统计学意义(P0.001),不同干预方式对OKT和OSES评分影响不同(P0.001),干预与时间点之间有交互作用(P0.001)。在3个月时,干预组更加重视补充钙剂(19.5%vs1.8%,P0.01)、维生素D(14.4%vs 0.9%,P0.01)、含钙食物摄入(15.3%vs 2.7%,P0.01)、每周锻炼次数(9.3%vs0.9%,P0.01)及强度(27.9%vs 8.8%,P0.01)。结论 OPSMC是一种有效的骨质疏松健康干预措施,短期内可以提高绝经后女性骨质疏松认知水平,促进健康行为。     

广州地区骨质疏松症患者冬季维生素D水平现状分析

目的调查广州地区冬季骨质疏松症患者体内维生素D(Vit D)水平的状况。方法随机选取2014年12月至2015年2月我院299例年龄≥50岁骨质疏松症患者,采集其清晨空腹静脉血,所有研究对象均采用Cobase 6000型电化学发光仪(瑞士,罗氏诊断)检测血清25-羟维生素D(25(OH)D)和甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平,日立7180型自动生化分析仪测定钙(Ca)、磷(P)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平。双能X线吸收仪检测腰椎和股骨近端骨密度(BMD),SPSS 16.0软件进行数据分析。结果299例骨质疏松症患者,其中男性患者63例,25(OH)D平均水平为(52.75±17.30)nmol/L,女性患者236例,25(OH)D平均水平(53.97±16.11)nmol/L。其中Vit D正常者仅占3.3%,缺乏者占47.6%,不足者占44.8%,严重不足者占4.3%。这些患者普遍存在着25(OH)D水平不足现象,其中Vit D缺乏和不足所占比例较大,且男女两组的25(OH)D水平无统计学差异。结论本研究显示广州地区冬季骨质疏松症患者25(OH)D不足和缺乏现象较普遍,且无性别差异,补充足量Vit D,需要重视及积极治疗,定期监测25(OH)D水平,为临床骨质疏松症的防治提供一定的数据参考。