梅州市城区中学生视力低下现状调查分析

目的了解梅州市城区中学生视力低下现状。方法按照《全国中小学生健康监护技术规范》,于2004年9~11月对梅州市城区4所中学的10580名在校学生进行裸眼视力检测和分析。结果梅州市城区中学生视力低下率为73.74%,其中初中和高中学生视力低下率分别为60.25%(2554/4239)、82.76%(5248/6341)(P<0.01),高中学生视力低下率高于初中学生(P<0.01)。女生和男生视力低下率分别为79.21%、69.73%,女生视力低下率高于男生(P<0.01)。重点和非重点中学高中生视力低下率分别为89.38%、61.29%,重点中学高中生视力低下率高于非重点中学高中生(P<0.01)。结论梅州市城区中学生视力低下状况不容乐观,在做好学生近视防治工作时应重点抓好初中阶段近视防治。     

银川市中小学生视力状况分析

为了解我市中小学生视力变化趋势,掌握视力低下的发展规律,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据,于1995年9～11月和1996年4～5月在16所小学、7所中学进行了视力监测,报告如下:1 对象与方法:随机抽取银川市区小学16所、中学7所的全部学生为调查对象.采用标准对数视力表灯光箱检查视力,以低于5.0为视力低下,其中低于4.4为重度视力低下,44～4.6为中度视力低下,4.7～4.9为轻度视力低下.在视力低下学生中,采用列镜检查法进一步确定为近视.2 结果与分析2.1 调查学生24707名,视力低下12657名,视力低下率51.23%.小学生视力低下率为39.11%(6079/15542),初中生为62.99%(3416/5423),高中学生为8450%(3162/3742),表现为随着年级的增高,视力低下率逐渐增长的趋势(X~2=1343.24,P<0.001),见下表.     

2010年全州县中学生视力低下状况分析

目的了解全州县中学生视力低下状况,为制订预防控制措施提供科学依据.方法按《全国学生体质健康状况调查研究工作手册》对全州县部分乡镇初中、县城初中及所有高中学生进行裸眼视力检测.结果调查学生14788人,视力低下8957人,视力低下率为60.57%,其中初中生视力低下率为52.63%(2578/4898),高中生视力低下率为64.50%(6379/9890).乡镇初中生视力低下率为32.30%,县城初中为64.47%,乡镇高中为39.14%,县城普通高中为63.18%,重点高中为85.07%,5个地区的学生视力低下率比较,差异有非常显著性意义( 2=1805.73,P<0.01).各年级学生视力低下率比较,差异均有非常显著性意义( 2=324.97,P<0.01).视力低下的学生中以重度和中度视力低下为主(分别占37.77%和36.65%).结论全州县中学生视力低下状况较为严重,尤以重点高中为甚(85.07%),应引起社会各界重视.     

2001～2005年磁窑堡地区部分初中学生视力状况观察

[目的]了解初中学生的视力状况和发展动态,为开展视力低下防治工作提供科学依据.[方法]对2001～2005年磁窑堡地区3所中学初中学生视力进行监测.[结果]2001～2005年合计,检查学生3 435人,视力低下率为41.62%,其中初一学生1223人为39.49%,初二学生1196人为41.81%,初三学生1016人为43.90%(P＞0.05);男生1782人为36.48%,女生1653人为47.06%(P＜0.01).2005年的334名视力低下者中,近视占97.70%,其他为眼疾.近视的327人中,轻度低下52人,中度低下133人,重度低下142人.[结论]初中学生视力低下率较高,绝大多数视力低下者为近视.     

三门县城关高中学生视力调查

视力低下是我国学生重点防治的6种常见病之一,其患病率居高不下,且有逐年增高的趋势[1],严重影响学生的身心健康和综合素质的发展和提高;为了解三门县城区高中学生视力低下情况,为青少年近视防治提供依据,对2007年三门县城区高中学生视力进行调查,现将结果报告如下。对象与方法1对象三门县城关普通高中高一至高三学生共5460人,其中男生3084人,女生2376人;职业技术学校高一至高三学生共1602人,其中男生956人,女生646人。2方法采用“E”字标准对数灯光视力表箱检查视力。凡裸眼视力≥5·0为视力正常,<5·0为视力低下,其中4·9为轻度;4·6~4·8为中度;4·5度为重度。双眼视力不一致按较低视力进行统计。3统计学分析数据以Excel建库管理,采用SPSS 11·0软件进行录入,并进行相关统计学分析。结果1视力低下状况普通高中学生5460人,视力低下4476人,占83·0%;职业技术学校学生1602人,视力低下825人,占51·5%;普通高中视力低下率高于职业技术学校,差异有统计学意义(χ2=614·74,P<0·005),见表1。普通高中以重度视力低下为主,占80·9%;职业技术学校以中度和轻度视力低下...     

2013年辉县市高中学生视力状况分析

目的了解辉县市高中学生视力低下状况,为进一步做好预防保健工作提供依据。方法随即抽取辉县市一所重点高中和一所普通高中的学生进行调查。结果两所高中共计7 485名学生,视力正常的765人,占10.22%;视力不良的6 720人,占89.78%。其中轻度视力低下803人,占11.95%;中度视力低下2 463人,占36.65%;重度视力低下3454人,占51.40%。重点高中视力低下率为93.21%,普通高中视力低下率为86.73%,重点高中高于普通高中,差异有统计学意义(x2=93.04,P<0.05)。高一、高二、高三学生视力不良率分别为88.75%、89.97%、92.21%,差异有统计学意义(x2=30.19,P<0.05))。男生视力低下率为87.67%,女生视力低下率为91.17%,女生高于男生,差异有统计学意义((x2=35.60,P<0.05)。结论 2013年辉县市高中学生视力低下率较高,并且随着年级增加逐年升高,女生高于男生。     

汕头市中学生视力状况调查

目的了解汕头市中学生的视力状况,为采取防制措施提供依据。方法于2004年5月按《全国中小学生健康监护技术规范》对汕头市省、市直属中学在校初、高中学生进行裸眼视力检测。结果共调查学生9 014人,其中视力低下者6 799人,占75.4%,重度视力低下者占总数的51.2%(4 612/9 014)。初中生和高中生的视力低下率分别为77.3%(1 483/1 919)和74.9%(5 316/7 095),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),初中各年级学生的视力低下率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);女生视力低下率(77.3%)高于男生(73.2%)(P<0.01)。结论汕头市中学生视力低下情况较为严重,应积极采取措施,早预防、早治疗。     

枞阳县中小学生视力低下和近视疾病流行特征分析

目的了解枞阳县中、小学生视力低下及近视疾病的流行情况,为学生视力防控工作提供依据。方法调查枞阳县2所小学、2所中学和1所高中共2 116名学生,并对视力低下和近视患病情况进行统计分析。结果 2 116名受检测学生中,小学生、初中生、高中生的视力低下检出率分别为71.3%、74.3%和92.7%;小学生、初中生、高中生筛查性近视患病率分别为44.1%、69.5%和92.7%。视力低下和筛查性近视的患病率均随着学段(小学、初中和高中)升高而上升,且视力低下严重程度与学段呈现正相关。初中学段,女生的视力低下患病率(81.6%)和筛查性近视的患病率(75.2%)均高于男生的视力低下的患病率(67.6%)和筛查性近视患病率(63.7%),其差异均有统计学意义(χ~2_(视力低下)=12.143,P0.05;χ~2_(近视)=8.041,P0.05)。结论枞阳县中、小学生视力低下和近视呈现高发和低年龄化趋势,学生近视防控工作刻不容缓。     

2007-2009年长沙市开福区中学生视力状况分析

目的调查长沙市开福区中学生视力情况,为做好中学生视力保护预防工作提供依据。方法随机抽取2007-2009年长沙市开福区2所中学3 463名学生视力健康体检资料进行统计分析。结果开福区2所中学男生视力低下率为36.5%(轻度低下16.89%、中度低下11.09%、重度低下8.52%);女生视力低下率为51.76%(轻度低下19.90%、中度低下15.00%、重度低下16.84%),且男女生视力低下率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。长沙市开福区2所中学中学生视力低下率为43.69%。其中初中一年级视力低下率为36.60%,初中二年级视力低下率为41.98%,初中三年级视力低下率为50.53%,且视力比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。视力低下与年级相关分析表明视力低下与年级正相关,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2007-2009年,三年间中学生视力低下率各年度比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且各年间视力重度低下率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该区近几年中学生视力状况不容乐观,应在适当减轻中学生学习负担的同时,进一步加强用眼卫生的健康教育,降低中学生近视发病率。     

2002年增城市中小学生视力低下现状分析

目的了解增城市中小学生的视力状况。方法2002年按照《全国学生常见病综合防治技术方案》对增城市6 659名中小学生进行健康检测,按照《全国学生常见病综合防治技术方案》使用标准对数视力表检查学生视力状况。结果2002年增城市中小学生视力低下率为24.24%,重度视力不良率为36.00%,轻度为33.76%,中度为24.29%。视力低下率高中学生高于初中、初中生高于小学生(P<0.01)。结论增城市中小学生视力低下率随学习阶段的增高呈上升的趋势,应加强宣传教育,积极防治近视,降低学生视力低下率,提高学生健康水平。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.