异丙酚静脉全麻复合硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉期间CO2气腹对血流动力学和氧耗的影响

目的观察异丙酚静脉全麻复合硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉期间CO2气腹对机体血流动力学和氧耗及CO2排出量的影响.方法择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者24例,快速诱导气管插管后行机械通气,持续静脉输注异丙酚及吸入氧化亚氮维持麻醉,并间断硬膜外腔给药.分别在诱导前、气腹前1 min和气腹后5、10、20、30、40、50、60 min及放气后5min记录血流动力学和呼吸功能各项参数.结果在气腹前1 min,平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼气末CO2分压(PErO2)、氧耗量(VO2)、二氧化碳排出量(VCO2)较诱导前显著降低(P<0.01).气腹期间及放气后5 min,MAP及HR较稳定,波动幅度不大.PETCO2在气腹后10min时较气腹前显著增加(P<0.01),以后继续升高.VO2和VCO2在气腹开始后逐渐升高,VO2在气腹后10 min时显著高于气腹前水平(F＜0.01),VCO2在气腹后20min时较气腹前显著增加(P＜0.05),以后VO2继续升高,而VCO2升幅较小.结论在LC手术期间,应用异丙酚静脉全麻复合硬膜外麻醉及气腹前适当过度通气可以减轻CO2气腹对呼吸和循环系统的影响.     

轻度过度通气下施行ＣＯ２气腹对呼吸和动脉血气的影响

目的 观察轻度过度通气下施行ＣＯ２气腹对呼吸和动脉血气的影响。方法 行择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）病人术前快速诱导麻醉,气管内插管后行机械通气,吸入Ｎ２Ｏ、持续静脉输注异丙酚维持全麻,硬膜外间断给药。分别在诱导前５min、气腹前１min和气腹后５、１０、２０、３０、４０、５０、６０min及放气后５min记录各监测值,同时采桡动脉血作血气分析。结果 气腹开始后２０－６０min,呼气末ＣＯ２分压（ＰＥＴＣＯ２）和ＣＯ２排出量（ＶＣＯ２）较气腹前显著升高。气腹开始后,pH值逐渐降低,３０min时较诱导前显著降低;ＰaＣＯ２逐渐升高,６０min时较诱导前显著升高,只是 ＰＥＴＣＯ２、ＶＣＯ２、ＰaＣＯ２及pＨ值的变化均在正常范围。在气腹初期,气道压（ＰＡＷ）较气腹前显著升高,而呼气分钟通气量（ＭＶＥ）较气腹前明显降低。结论 采用异丙酚静脉全麻复合硬膜外麻醉及腹前适当过度通气的呼吸管理方式在ＩＣ中是切实可行的。     

不同麻醉下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术CO2气腹对呼吸循环的影响

目的：探讨两种麻醉方法下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）时CO2气腹对呼吸循环功能的影响是否一致；方法：ASAⅠ级－Ⅱ级LC患者156例，随机分成2组，其中全麻组80例硬膜外麻醉组76例，均连续监测记录围术期心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SPO2）、平均动脉压（MAP）、呼气末二氧化碳分压（PETCO2）、呼吸频率（RR）；结果：全麻组：气腹后PETCO2、RR较气腹前明显升高（P＜0．01）；硬膜外组：气腹后MAP较气腹前明显降低（P＜0．01），RR及PETCO2较气腹前明显升高（P＜0．01），两种麻醉方法围术期SPO2、HR基本不变。结论：两种麻醉方法进行LC时，CO2气腹对PETCO2、RR均有不同程度的影响，但硬膜外组对MAP、PETCO2、RR影响较明显。     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞应用于腹腔镜手术的临床研究

目的 :评价全麻复合硬膜外阻滞应用于腹腔镜胃大部分切除术和直肠癌根治术的安全性及可行性。方法 :选择择期 4 0例腹腔镜胃大部分切除术和直肠癌根治术的病人行快速诱导气管内插管 ,硬膜外间断给药 ,术中适度过度通气。在诱导 5min,气腹前 5 min,气腹后 5 m in,体位 5、30、6 0 min及放气后 10 min监测心率 (HR)、平均动脉压 (MAP) ,同时采桡动脉血作血气分析。结果 :气腹后终末二氧化碳分压 (PETCO2 )较气腹前显著升高 ,p H值逐渐降低 ,Pa CO2 逐渐升高 ,但 PETCO2 、p H、Pa-CO2 值的变化均在正常范围 ,各时点的 HR、MAP差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :采用全麻复合硬膜外阻滞可安全应用于腹腔镜胃大部分切除术和直肠癌根治术     

妇科腹腔镜手术不同麻醉方法对SpO_2和P_(ET)CO_2的影响及护理对策

目的:比较妇科腹腔镜手术不同麻醉方法对脉搏、血氧饱和度(SpO2)及动脉血二氧化碳分压(PET鄄CO2)的影响,探讨围术期护理对策。方法:对30例腹腔镜下妇科手术患者随机选用硬膜外及全麻2种麻醉方法,在气腹前10min、气腹后20min、放气后20min分别监测其SpO2和PETCO2变化。结果:硬膜外组在气腹后20min,SpO2较气腹前明显降低,PETCO2较气腹前明显升高,有显著性差异(P<0.05),而全麻组变化不明显。结论:腹腔镜下妇科手术采用全麻方法较安全,术中应加强术中呼吸循环的监测,以保证患者安全渡过围手术期。     

静吸复合麻醉对腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者生理功能的影响

目的观察静吸复合麻醉对腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者生理功能的影响。方法腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术40例,采用静吸复合麻醉,静注咪唑安定、芬太尼、异丙酚和琥珀胆碱全麻诱导,用异丙酚、维库溴铵、芬太尼以及七氟醚维持。记录气腹前、气腹后10、30min及放气后10min时收缩压（SBp）、舒张压（DBp）、平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、呼气未CO2分压（PETCO2）以及气道峰压（Ppeak）。结果气腹后各时间点Ppeak均较气腹前显著增高,放气后10min恢复至气腹前水平,PETCO2于气腹后10min开始增高,并呈逐渐上升的趋势,放气后10min仍较气腹前高,大部分患者经调整呼吸参数后,PETCO2在正常范围内。所有患者均安全渡过手术麻醉期,无麻醉死亡病例。结论静吸复合麻醉下完成腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术是安全的,值得临床推广应用。     

持续硬膜外麻醉下腹腔镜胆囊切除对呼吸功能影响的临床观察

目的 :了解持续硬膜外麻醉下电视腹腔镜 (LC)手术人工CO2 气腹对呼吸功能的影响。方法 :将单纯胆囊切除病例随机分为持硬麻、全麻下LC手术组和持硬麻下开腹胆囊切除 (OC)组 ,分别观察病人气腹前 5min和气腹后 (或手术开始后 ) 5、10、2 0、3 0、5 0min的呼吸频率 (Rf)、血氧饱合度 (SpO2 )、呼气末CO2 分压 (PetCO2 )。结果 :显示持硬下CO2 气腹对Rf的影响与气腹前比较气腹后 5min有一定的影响 (P >0 0 0 5 ) ,10min后则无差别 (P >0 5 )较开腹组无差别 (P >0 1)。SpO2 自身术前对照无差别 (P >0 5 ) ,CO2 气腹组高于开腹组 (P >0 0 0 5 ) ,持硬下LC组显著低于全麻组 (P <0 0 0 1)。PetCO2 硬外麻下CO2 气腹组气腹后较气腹前有显著差异 (P <0 0 0 1) ,持硬麻下LC组与全麻组结果相似 ,尤其是 2 0min以后 (P >0 5 ) ,但术后全麻组则高于持硬组 ,与OC组比较无差别。结论 :持续硬膜外麻醉下LC和OC术式对呼吸功能的影响几乎相似 ,全麻下氧供则明显优于持硬 ,但术后CO2 的排出较持硬麻组差。     

腹腔镜下妇科手术硬膜外阻滞和全麻的比较

目的:比较硬膜外阻滞和气管内全麻腹腔镜下妇科手术CO2 气腹对患者呼吸循环的影响。方法 :60例妇科腹腔镜 (GL)病人随机分成硬外和全麻两组 ,监测两组各时点的血压、心率、SPO2(血氧饱和度 )、VT(潮气量 )、f(呼吸频率) ,PETCO2(呼气末CO2 分压 )、血气分析等。结果 :全麻组各项指标平稳 ,PETCO2、PaCO2 值均在正常范围 ;硬外组气腹后15min变化最大 ,表现在SBP(收缩压 )、DBP(缩张压 )、HR、f、PaCO2、PETCO2 升高 ,P<0.01 ,气腹后30min各值基本恢复到气腹前水平。结论 :GL下妇科手术 ,气管内全麻优于硬膜外麻 ,但可选择性地采用硬膜外阻滞 ,而对有心肺疾病 ,年老体弱或肥胖病人以及手术难度大 ,估计气腹时间长者宜选择全麻     

小儿腹腔镜下肝门空肠吻合术中Pa-ETCO2的变化

目的 观察小儿腹腔镜下肝门空肠吻合术中,动脉血CO2分压(PaCO2)与呼气末CO2分压(PETCO2)差值(Pa-ETCO2)的变化及其临床意义.方法 胆总管囊肿患儿22例,均于腹腔镜下行肝门空肠吻合术.手术经历气腹-非气腹-再气腹过程,术中机械通气PCV模式,维持PETCO230～40 mmHg.于气腹前5 min,首次气腹后10、60 min,气腹撤销后10、30、60 min,再次气腹后10、60、90 min以及再次气腹撤销后10 min行动脉血气分析,计算每个时点的Pa-ETCO2.结果 两次气腹后各时点及两次气腹撤销后10 min,患儿的PETCO2与PaCO2较基础时点显著增高(P＜0.01);在两次气腹后60 min以及两次气腹撤销后10 min,Pa-ETCO2较气腹前显著增大(P＜0.05).结论 胆总管囊肿患儿腹腔镜下行肝门空肠吻合术中,在两次气腹后60 min及两次气腹撤销后10 min,PETCO2不能正确反映PaCO2,需进行血气分析测定该时点的PaCO2,以确保其处于正常范围.     

腹腔镜直肠癌切除术对PETCO2和Paw的影响

目的观察腹腔镜直肪癌切除术中CO2气腹对呼气束二氧化碳分压（PETCO2）和气道压力（Paw）的影响。方法回质性分析137例腹腔镜直腑癌切除术的麻醉体会。结果CO2气腹后5,10min,PETCO2、Paw明显升高,气腹后15min达最高值,30min后逐渐开始下降,消气腹后接近气腹前水平。结论采用控制性定容呼吸,及时调整通气参数,增加呼吸频率,降低潮气量,适当过度通气,可减少气腹对呼吸功能的影响。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.