某部新兵集训期应激水平和情绪体验与注意偏向特点的关系

目的 探索新兵集训期应激水平和情绪体验与注意偏向特点的关系.方法 采用正/负性认知偏向量表(attention to positive and negative information scale,APNIS)、正负性情绪量表(positive and negative affect scale,PANAS)和军人心理应激自评问卷(psychological stress self-evaluation test,PSET)对某部集训新兵l 600人进行调查.结果 ①新兵的应激水平总分为(50.01±10.00)分,其中应激水平低于50分者818人(51.12％);轻度应激(50 ～ 60分)者584人(36.5％);中度应激(61 ～ 69分)者134人(8.38％);重度应激(≥70分)者64人(4％).②新兵应激水平和消极情感得分与负性认知偏向呈显著正相关(r为0.30～0.34,P＜0.05);应激水平和积极情感因子分与正性认知偏向呈显著负相关(r=-0.33,-0.32,P＜0.05);③不同应激水平的新兵注意偏向特点具有统计学差异(P＜0.05),应激水平越高的新兵正性认知偏向得分越低、负性认知偏向得分越高.④不同文化程度水平的新兵的应激水平和正性认知偏向也具有统计学差异(P＜0.01)表现为文化水平越高的新兵应激水平越低,越倾向于正性认知偏向.⑤负性认知偏向、正性认知偏向、积极情感和消极情感可以有效预测应激水平,解释率为37.4％.结论 新兵在集训期间的应激水平和情感体验与注意偏向特点关系密切.正性认知偏向个体的应激水平普遍低于负性认知偏向的个体,并且也具有较多的积极情绪.     

二炮某部军人心理应激水平与心理弹性、认知偏向和积极情绪的关系

目的 探讨军事心理应激水平与军人心理弹性、认知偏向及积极情绪的关系.方法 采用军事心理应激自评问卷(PSET)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)中文版正负性情绪量表(PANAS-C)和正负性认知偏向量表(APNIS)对536名二炮某部官兵进行抽样调查.结果 ①心理应激总分与负性情绪、负性认知偏向呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.44、0.41,P＜0.01);与正性情绪、心理弹性和正性认知偏向均呈显著负相关(r值分别为-0.29、-0.30、-0.27,P＜0.01).②心理应激高分组与低分组在心理弹性、正负性情绪、正负性认知偏向上均存在显著差异(P＜0.01).③负性情绪、负性认知偏向、正性认知偏向和积极情绪可有效预测军事心理应激水平,总解释率为36％.④积极情绪在正性认知偏向对心理应激水平的影响中起部分中介作用,在心理弹性与心理应激水平之间起完全中介作用.结论 军人心理应激水平与其心理弹性、正负性情绪和认知偏向密切相关.积极的情绪、合理的认知以及心理弹性的增加都有助于缓减军人心理应激症状,促进心理健康.     

某部新兵集训期心理状况与情绪调节方式及认知偏向的关系

目的 研究某部新兵集训2个月时应激水平、情绪体验特点与情绪调节方式和认知偏向的关系.方法 采用心理应激自评问卷(psychological stress self-evaluation test,PSET)、正性负性情感量表(positive and negative affect scale,PANAS)、情绪调节方式问卷(emotion regulation scale,ERS)和正性负性认知偏向量表(attention to positive and negative inventory scale,APNIS)对某部集训期新兵1 600人进行整群抽样调查.结果 ①某部新兵心理应激T分为(50.04±10.00).不同文化程度新兵心理应激水平差异有统计学意义(F =3.25,P＜0.05).②心理应激高分组在负性情绪、负性认知偏向和表达抑制上均显著高于心理应激低分组(P＜0.01),在正性情绪、正性认知偏向和认知重评上显著低于低分组(P＜0.01).③总体心理应激水平与正性情绪、正性认知偏向和认知重评呈显著负相关(r值分别为-0.49、-0.32、-0.21,P＜0.01);与负性情绪、负性认知偏向和表达抑制呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.48、0.34、0.12,P＜0.01).④正性情绪、负性情绪、负性认知偏向和正性认知偏向可有效预测心理应激水平,总解释率为37.6％.⑤认知重评在正性情绪与心理应激水平之间起调节作用.结论 新兵的心理应激水平与情绪体验特点、情绪调节方式之间密切相关.     

军人评价恐惧在负性认知偏向和社交焦虑中的中介作用

目的 考察军人负性认知偏向与社交焦虑的关系及评价恐惧在其中发挥的中介作用.方法 采取随机抽样法选取海军某部878名官兵,采用正性评价恐惧量表(FPES)、简明负性评价恐惧量表(BFNES)、负性认知加工偏向问卷和社交焦虑量表(IAS)分别对军人的正性评价恐惧、负性评价恐惧、负性认知偏向和社交焦虑水平进行测量,采用结构方程模型对评价恐惧的中介作用进行检验.结果 相关分析结果显示,负性认知加工偏向问卷4个维度(负性注意偏向、负性记忆偏向、负性解释偏向、负性沉思偏向)得分及总得分与FPES、BFNES、IAS得分之间均呈正相关(P均<0.01).结构方程模型检验中介效应结果表明,评价恐惧起部分中介作用,间接效应为0.31,95％CI 0.26～0.35,且正、负性评价恐惧的作用相互独立.结论 军人评价恐惧在负性认知偏向与社交焦虑关系间发挥部分中介作用,应引导军人正确看待他人的评价.     

新兵情感人格特点及其与抑郁、正负性情感、认知偏向的关系

目的 探讨入伍新兵的情感人格特点及其与抑郁、正负性情感和认知偏向的关系.方法 采用情感神经科学人格量表(Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales,ANPS)、贝克抑郁量表第2版(Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ,BDI-Ⅱ)、正负性情感量表(Chinese version of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule,PANAS-C)、正负性认知偏向量表(Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale,APNIS)对陆军某部557名2017年秋季入伍新兵进行抽样调查.结果 ①除恐惧因子外,不同文化程度的新兵在情感人格上的得分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②对部队环境适应程度不同的新兵在情感人格的关爱、娱乐、恐惧、愤怒、悲伤5个因子得分上差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③除探索与正性情感相关不显著外,积极情感人格及其3个因子与正性情感、正性认知偏向均呈显著正相关(r为0.156 ～0.483,P＜0.05);消极情感人格及其3个因子与抑郁、负性情感、负性认知偏向均呈显著正相关(r为0.428 ～0.550,P＜0.01).④情感人格能够有效预测新兵的抑郁、正负性情感、正负性认知偏向,总解释率在30％左右.⑤积极情感人格特质显著的新兵与消极情感人格特质显著的新兵在抑郁、正负性情感、认知偏向上的差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 积极情感人格可能有利于新兵正性情感、正性认知偏向的形成,减少抑郁情绪体验.     

军校医学生情感风格特点及其与心理弹性正负性情感和认知偏向的关系

目的 探讨军校医学生的情感风格特点及其与心理弹性、正负性情感和认知偏向的关系.方法 采用情感神经科学人格量表(ANPS)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、正负性情感量表(PANAS-C)和正负性认知偏向量表(APNIS)对某军医大学1014名在校本科生进行抽样调查.结果 (1)军校医学生中,男女生在情感风格的恐惧和愤怒两因子得分上差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);军校环境适应程度不同的个体在情感风格的恐惧、愤怒、娱乐以及悲伤等因子得分上差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)积极情感风格个体与消极情感风格个体在心理弹性、正负性情感、认知偏向上差异均具有统计学意义[(79.45±9.67)分,(34.95±5.07)分;(68.72±11.55)分,(29.82±6.21)分;P＜0.01].(3)除关爱与正性自己相关不显著外,积极情感风格各因子与心理弹性、正性情感、正性他人、正性自己呈显著正相关(0.078≤r≤0.342,P＜0.05);除恐惧与负性情感相关不显著外,消极情感风格各因子与负性情感、负性他人、负性自己呈显著正相关(0.153≤r≤0.337,P＜0.05).结论 积极情感风格可能有利于个体心理弹性、正性情感和正性认知偏向的形成.     

高原某部官兵负性认知加工偏向特征与抑郁情绪间关系分析

目的 从高原官兵负性认知加工特征着手,探讨高原官兵心理健康状况,以及负性认知加工偏向与抑郁情绪间关系.方法 选择负性认知加工偏向问卷和流行抑郁量表,采用整群抽样,对4 635名高原某部留驻官兵进行心理测评.结果 ①在注意偏向方面,年龄(F=10.38,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=7.66,P＜0.01)、文化程度(F =4.17,P＜0.05)和职别(F=11.49,P＜0.01)差异存在统计学意义;②在记忆偏向方面,年龄(F=3.72,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=4.11,P＜0.01)、文化程度(F=13.27,P＜0.01)和职别(F=9.57,P＜0.01)差异存在统计学意义;③在解释偏向方面,年龄(F=15.05,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=11.20,P＜0.01)、文化程度(F=19.31,P＜0.01)和职别(F=24.76,P＜0.01)差异均存在统计学意义;④在沉思偏向方面,只有年龄(F=5.98,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=6.93,P＜0.01)和职别(F =6.96,P＜0.01)方面差异存在统计学意义;⑤负性认知加工偏向的4个因子与抑郁检出之间均存在相关性(r注意=0.43,r记忆=0.47,r解释=0.46,r沉思=0.58,P＜0.01).结论 负性认知加工偏向是抑郁易感者和抑郁患者的重要特征.     

注意偏向训练对特质焦虑军校大学新生的情绪体验和认知偏向的影响

目的 探索注意偏向训练对特质焦虑军校大学新生的情绪体验和认知偏向的影响.方法 选取某军校2015级入学新生中有特质焦虑倾向的学员80名,分为趋向正性组、中性对照组、逃离负性组和空白对照组,训练采用情绪词点探测实验范式,其中趋向正性组的情绪词为正性词语和中性词语,探测点始终位于正性词语;中性对照组的情绪词仅有中性词,探测点位置随机出现;逃避负性组的情绪词为负性词语和中性词语,探测点始终位于中性词语;而空白对照组不进行任何训练.训练前后分别采用正/负性认知偏向量表(APNIS)和正负性情绪量表(PANAS)进行调查.结果 (1)空白对照组训练前后的正负性情绪分数和正负性认知偏向分数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)逃离负性组训练后的负性情绪显著减少(P＜0.05),正性自己的分数显著增加(P＜0.05).(3)中性对照组训练后负性情绪显著减少(P＜0.05).(4)趋向正性组训练后负性情绪显著减少(P＜0.05).结论 注意偏向训练对降低特质焦虑的军校大学新生的负性情绪,提升其正性情绪,增加其正性认知偏向均有一定的效果.     

军医大学新生集训及300公里拉练后应激后成长及其影响因素研究

目的 探索军医大学新生集训及300公里拉练后应激后成长及其影响因素.方法 采用应激后成长量表(PTGI)、Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、正负性情绪量表(PANAS)、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)和流调用抑郁自评量表(CESD),对刚刚结束2个月集训及300公里拉练后的565名某军医大学新生进行调查研究.结果 ①军医大学新生应激后成长总分为(69.19±18.65).②应激后成长与心理弹性、正性情绪呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.728、0.703,P＜0.01),与负性情绪、状态焦虑、特质焦虑、抑郁呈显著负相关(r值分别为-0.499、-0.644、-0.673、-0.249,P＜0.01).③应激后成长高分组在心理弹性、正性情绪的得分显著高于低分组(P＜0.01);在负性情绪、状态焦虑、特质焦虑、抑郁得分均显著低于低分组(P＜0.01).④正性情绪、心理弹性、特质焦虑可以有效预测应激后成长水平,总解释率为61.5％.结论 提升正性情绪与心理弹性水平,降低焦虑和抑郁水平,有助于促进军校大学新生的应激后成长,提升心理健康水平.     

某部驻岛官兵的社交焦虑状况及与人格特征的相关性调查

目的 探讨某部驻岛官兵的社交焦虑状况及其与人格特征的相关性.方法 用社交回避及苦恼量表(SAD)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对289名驻岛官兵进行测评,数据应用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析.结果 驻岛官兵社交回避(SA)分值低于国内大学生(P＜0.01),社交苦恼(SD)分值高于潜艇官兵(P＜0.05).不同军龄(≤2年、＞2年且≤5年、＞5年且≤8年、＞8年)驻岛官兵在SAD得分上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),军龄＞2年且≤5年的官兵社交焦虑状况最为明显;驻岛官兵在SA及SD得分上与EPQ的4个个性维度(精神质、内外向、神经质、掩饰)均有相关性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 塑造外向、稳定的个性特质将有助于改善驻岛官兵的社交焦虑状况.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.