医疗废物管理存在的问题及对策

目的 探讨医院感染中医疗废物管理存在的问题及对策.方法 督查时发现的医疗废物管理工作中普遍存在的风险因素,制定相应措施和对策.结果 通过加强管理,采取相应措施和对策,使医疗废物达到严格分类放置、回收时由专人负责,有效地控制了医院感染的发生.结论 加强医疗废物的规范放置和管理,是为患者创造优良环境与控制感染的重要措施.     

医院病区医疗废弃物处置与管理

目的 加强医院病区医疗废弃物的管理,控制医院感染发生.方法 对病区的医用废弃物管理存在的问题,依据国家卫生部制定的<医疗废弃物管理条例>,采取相应对策.结果 通过加强管理,使医疗废弃物达到严格分类放置、回收时由专人负责,病区内环境整洁、空气清新,有效地控制了医院感染的发生.结论 加强医用废弃物的规范放置和管理,是为患者创造优良环境与控制感染的重要措施.     

医疗废物专人收集确保安全

为了加强医疗废物的安全管理,防止疾病传播,保护环境和保障人体健康.我院医疗废物是科室负责分类放置,然后每天由各科室的卫生员将分类包装的医疗废弃物送至暂存室专用密封容器中.由于医疗废物出科时是按数最登记,但卫生员在送至暂存室的途中无人监控,有发生医疗废物流失的危险.2011年我院实行医疗废物专人收集及负责制,避免了医疗废物潜在流失现象.具体方法为:医院感染办公室确定专人负责医疗废物的收集和运送,每天到各科,将各医疗废物分类包装后称其重量,并与各科护士一起将重量登记在科室专用医疗废物登记本,然后送往医院的医疗废弃物暂存室,再次称重量并做好登记.此种方法试用一月后,医疗废物出科重量与送往暂存室重量均一致,确保了医疗废物无一流失和医疗废物的安全管理,是一种有效的管理方法,值得借鉴.     

加强医用废物的管理防止院内交叉感染

为防止医疗废物传播污染环境,保障医务人员及就诊患者的身体健康,创建绿色医院,我们加强了对医用废物的正规化管理,其方法:(1)成立组织,完善管理制度。我院成立了由1名业务副院长、院防感染办负责,三处一部各派专人参加的医用废物管理组织,各级职责明确。制定出台了医院医用废物管理规定,一律由环保局指定的废物管理中心统一回收。专人负责,认真做好统计,上锁管理。(2)规范工作秩序,加强监督管理。各科的医用废物每天装入专用的医用垃圾袋,由专人定时送到指定地点,并做好登记。各科室不许私自出卖使用后的一次性医疗用品,如发现加倍处罚。每…     

检验科医疗废物管理

我院为国家新建的传染病医院,对照国务院出台《医疗废物管理条例》的内容,重新制定了废物管理制度。经过两年多的执行,我科取得了较为显著的成效。1领导重视以条例建制度为了规范医院医疗废物的管理,真正解决医院对医疗废物的无公害化处理,以国务院出台《医疗废物管理条例》为标准,自制定医院废物管理制度,并成立了领导小组,抽调专人负责回收医院医疗废物,真正做到专人专管、专负责的专项制度。2提高认识加强科室管理通过会议、医院感染科下发文件、考试等多种形式进行知识学习和宣传,使每一个人都了解国家的法律法规及医疗废物管理的重要性…     

医疗废物处置工作存在的问题与对策

目的探讨医疗废物处置工作存在的问题与对策。方法发现医院医疗废物处置工作中存在的问题,采取相应的措施和对策。结果通过加强有关人员培训、严格医疗废物分类、规范医疗垃圾处置流程、加强医疗废物运送人员的防护,有效地规范了医疗废物处置的管理工作。结论加强医院医疗废物处置的规范管理,是医院管理控制医院感染的一个重要环节,不容忽视,必须采取行之有效的措施。     

医疗废物全过程管理在医院手术室的实施

目的 加强手术室医疗废物全过程管理,控制医院感染.方法 以国务院《医疗废物管理条例》及《军队医疗卫生机构医疗废物管理办法》为准则,建立全程无盲区管理方式,规范手术室医疗废物的分类收集、运送和暂时贮存的工作流程和要求,健全、完善各项规章制度.结果 手术室医疗废物的管理质量得到提高,各级人员环保意识加强,有效控制医院感染.结论 实施手术室医疗废物全过程管理,是控制医院感染的重要途径.     

胸外科手术患者医院感染控制的管理

目的 加强胸外科病房住院患者的护理管理,预防和控制医院感染的发生.方法 建立健全并落实各项规章制度,强化工作责任;加强宣传教育,提高感染控制意识;规范病区管理,包括护理人员、病区环境、医疗废物、患者及陪护人员的管理.结果病房环境得到改善,护理人员素质得到提升,医院感染的发生率有所降低.结论 建立健全并落实各项规章制度,强化工作责任,加强胸外科病房的护理管理能有效地预防和控制胸外科患者术后医院感染,从而确保患者的安全,提高医疗护理质量.     

口腔科门诊医院感染危险因素分析与管理对策

目的为了降低口腔科门诊医源性感染的发生,探讨口腔科门诊医院感染的发生因素及控制措施。方法分析口腔科门诊医院感染危险因素,采取相应的管理对策。结果通过建立健全口腔科各项管理规章制度,严格技术操作规范,加强医护人员知识培训、职业防护、口腔门诊环境消毒管理、器械消毒管理,规范分类收集医疗废物,能降低口腔科门诊医院感染发生。结论通过加强口腔科门诊医院感染各个环节的管理,有效地降低了医院感染的发生。     

浅谈医疗废物的医院感染管理

目的：加强和规范医疗废物的管理,使医疗废物处置进入规范化、制度化。方法：建立健全以主要负责人为第一责任人的医疗废物管理体系,加强医务人员的医疗废物管理相关知识培训,制作各项管理制度及处置流程图;发挥监督部门职能作用;采取提出问题,反馈整改措施,进行效果评价的PDCA循环管理模式。结果：通过对医疗废物的产生、分类、收集、存放、转运、交接登记等全过程进行了严格的规定,可以有效的预防由医疗废物引起的医院感染的发生。结论：加强医疗废物规范管理,是预防和控制医院交叉感染的重要环节。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.