40 m模拟空气反复潜水对人血常规的影响

目的 探讨40m模拟空气反复潜水对人血常规的影响。方法16名健康成年男性，连续3d进行6次40m-35min空气模拟潜水。其中8人在3d高气压暴露中服用三联抗氧化剂（维生素C1g／d、维生素E2．5g／d、N-乙酰半胱氨酸8g／d）。分别于暴露前1d和暴露第1天、第2天、第3天下午出舱后抽血行血常规检查。结果模拟潜水后白细胞及其分类、红细胞、血红蛋白、血细胞压积呈上升趋势。白细胞在第1天暴露后与暴露前比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；单核细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白以及血细胞比容在第2、3天暴露后与暴露前相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。而血小板、平均红细胞容积等指标暴露前后无明显变化。与正常暴露组相比，口服抗氧化剂对各指标没有显著影响。结论 3d6次40m模拟空气潜水对血常规某些指标有一定影响，但均在正常范围内。     

模拟不同海拔高原环境下氦氧潜水对潜水员应激反应的影响

目的 探讨模拟不同海拔高原环境下完成氦氧潜水对潜水员应激反应的影响.方法 4名潜水员于高、低压舱内,模拟海拔3000 m环境下潜水30 m停留60 min,连续2 d;4000 m环境下潜水30 m停留60 min,连续2 d;5200 m境下潜水30 m停留60 min,1 d;5200 m环境下潜水50 m停留60 min,1 d;整个实验于密闭高、低压舱内连续完成,共9 d.于潜水员进舱前、第1次潜水前、第2次、第4次潜水后、第5次潜水前、第6次潜水后及出舱后分别留取静脉血,采用酶联免疫(ELISA)法测定去甲肾上腺素(NE)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)含量.结果 外周血5-HT含量先缓慢升高,在经历海拔3000 m潜水30 m 2 d、4000 m潜水30 m 2 d后达到最高值[(3.24±0.66) μg/L],之后下降,至5200 m第2次潜水(30 m、50 m各1次)后降至最低值[(2.50±1.18) μg/L],其变化比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);DA变化基本与5-HT一致;外周血NE含量首先下降,在经历3000 m潜水30 m 2次后开始升高,再次经历4000 m2次潜水后达到最高值,之后持续下降,直至出舱后达到最低值,其变化比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 模拟高海拔潜水使机体产生应激反应,程度处于应激反应的警觉期及抵抗期,尚在生理调节范围之内.     

模拟不同海拔高原环境下氦氧潜水对潜水员肾功能的影响

目的 探讨模拟不同海拔高原环境下氦氧潜水对潜水员肾功能的影响.方法 4名潜水员于高低压两用舱内,连续9d先后模拟平原、海拔3000 m环境及该环境下30 m潜水、海拔4000 m环境及该环境下30 m潜水、海拔5200 m环境及该环境下30m潜水和50 m潜水.分别于实验第1天早上进舱前空腹,实验第3天3000m高原早上空腹,实验第4天3000 m高原30m潜水减压返回3000m后,当天17:30晚饭前,实验第6天4000m高原30m潜水减压返回4000m后,当晚17:30晚饭前,实验第7天5200 m高原停留1夜,早上空腹,实验第8天5200 m高原50 m潜水减压回到5200 m后(23:00),实验第9d实验结束后出舱午餐前抽血.采用自动生化仪进行肾功能相关指标检测,包括:血肌酐、血尿素氮、血糖、血钾、血钠、血氯;连续9d留取晨起中段尿,采用尿流式细胞仪行尿常规检查.结果 在完成4000m高原30 m潜水减压返回4000 m后,血清肌酐及尿素氮有升高趋势,但与其他时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).各时间点潜水员的血清肌酐、尿素氮、血糖、血电解质、尿液pH值、尿密度均在正常范围内,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).尿红细胞、尿白细胞、尿蛋白、尿酮体、尿糖、尿胆原,尿胆红素等检测结果均为阴性.结论 本实验条件下模拟高原氦氧潜水过程对潜水员肾功能没有明显影响.     

模拟不同海拔高原环境下氦氧潜水对人体肝功能的影响

目的 探讨模拟高原环境下氦氧潜水对人体肝功能的影响.方法 4名潜水员于高低压两用舱内,先后模拟海拔3000m环境及该环境下30m潜水、海拔4000m环境及该环境下30m潜水、海拔5200 m环境及该环境下30 m潜水和50 m潜水.分别于试验第1天早上进舱前空腹,试验第3天3000m高原早上空腹,试验第4天3000 m高原30 m潜水减压返回3000 m后,当晚17:30晚饭前,试验第6天4000m高原30 m潜水减压返回4000 m后,当晚17:30晚饭前,试验第7天5200 m高原停留1夜,早上空腹,试验第8天5200m高原50m潜水减压回到5200m后(23:00),试验第9天试验结束后出舱午餐前抽血.采用自动生化仪进行7次肝功能指标检测,包括血清谷丙转氨酶、血清总胆红素、血清直接胆红素、血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、血清碱性磷酸酶和血清白蛋白,分析高原潜水前后肝功能指标的变化.结果 各时间点测得的血清谷丙转氨酶、血清总胆红素、血清直接胆红素、血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶、血清白蛋白均在正常范围内,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 本试验条件下模拟高原氦氧潜水过程对潜水员的肝功能没有明显影响.     

模拟氦氧饱和潜水实验中监测潜水员尿量及尿电解质的作用

目的 探讨模拟2.6 MPa氦氧饱和潜水暴露时潜水员尿量及尿电解质变化对潜水员健康干预的监护作用.方法 7名健康男性潜水员参加模拟250 m氦氧饱和潜水,在暴露前、中、后每日取晨尿和24h尿检测尿常规、尿量、尿电解质、肌酐及N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)排泄量.结果参试潜水员尿常规在高压暴露过程中没有明显变化;尿量在暴露于2.0 MPa以上压力时略有增高,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05):尿Na+、K+、Cl-、Ca2+、Mg2+、NAG酶在高压下排泄减少(P＜0.05),尤以钙减少明显且持续时间长,但在减压后1周基本恢复至正常水平.结论 模拟2.6 MPa氦氧饱和潜水暴露过程中潜水员尿量和尿电解质排泄存在波动,检测尿量和尿电解质排泄量可为舱内潜水员的健康干预提供参考依据.     

模拟不同海拔高原环境下氦氧潜水对潜水员血细胞的影响

目的 探讨模拟不同海拔高原环境下氦氧潜水对潜水员血细胞的影响.方法 4名潜水员于高、低压两用舱内,连续9d先后模拟平原、海拔3000 m环境及该环境下30 m潜水、海拔4000m环境及该环境下30 m潜水、海拔5200 m环境及该环境下30 m潜水和50 m潜水.分别于实验第1天早上进舱前空腹;实验第3天3000 m高原早上空腹;实验第4天3000 m高原30 m潜水减压返回3000 m后,当晚17:30晚饭前;实验第6天4000 m高原30 m潜水减压返回4000 m后,当晚17:30晚饭前;实验第7天5200 m高原停留1晚,早上空腹;实验第8天5200 m高原50 m潜水减压回到5200 m后,晚23:00;实验第9天实验结束后出舱午餐前抽血.采用自动血细胞计数仪进行血常规检查,包括:白细胞计数、白细胞分类、红细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血小板计数;采用流式细胞仪进行T淋巴细胞亚群检测.结果 从实验开始至实验结束出舱后的各个时间点,白细胞有逐渐升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在海拔5200 m[(6.21 ±3.27)×109/L]高原环境停留时,中性粒细胞百分比较平原[(3.22±1.18)×109/L]及海拔3000 m[(3.43 ±1.18)×109/L]高原明显升高(P＜0.01),而淋巴细胞百分比则明显下降(P＜0.01),中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞计数亦有相应的改变(P＜0.05);在海拔5200 m高原环境50 m潜水减压回到5200 m时[(2.80±0.30)×109/L],淋巴细胞计数较平原[(2.02±0.15)×109/L]及海拔3000 m高原[(2.20 ±0.26)×109/L]明显升高(P＜0.05);其余时间点白细胞变化不明显.实验过程中各时间点红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血小板计数及淋巴细胞亚群变化较平原及海拔3000 m高原差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 本次实验条件下的模拟高原氦氧潜水过程对潜水员的血常规及T淋巴细胞没有造成明显的影响.     

重复+Gz暴露后大鼠心肌儿茶酚胺类物质含量的变化以及低G预适应和茶多酚的防护作用

目的观察重复+Gz暴露是否引起心肌组织儿茶酚胺类物质代谢异常以及低G预适应和天然抗氧化剂茶多酚(TP)的防护作用. 方法 32只雄性Wistar 大鼠随机分为4组(n=8) A组(对照组),仅受到+1 Gz 作用5 min; B组(+Gz应激组), +10 Gz峰值暴露30 s/次,重复5次/d,间隔为+1 Gz 1 min, 3 d/wk, 共3 wk; C组(低G预适应组), +Gz应激条件同B组,但+10 Gz 暴露前1 h 受到+2 Gz 作用5 min;D组(TP防护组),+Gz应激条件同B组,但+10 Gz 暴露前1 h灌胃给予茶多酚200 mg/kg.于末次+Gz暴露的次日上午将各组大鼠断头处死,迅速摘取心脏置液氮冷藏,用高效液相色谱电化学检测法测定各组大鼠心肌儿茶酚胺类物质含量, 包括去甲肾上腺素(NA),肾上腺素(AD),多巴胺(DA),5-羟色胺(5-HT).结果与A组相比,B组心肌AD水平显著升高(P<0.01),但NA,DA,5-HT含量无明显差别.与B组相比,C、D组心肌AD、5-HT含量明显降低,而D组DA水平显著升高.结论重复+10 Gz暴露引起大鼠心肌儿茶酚胺类物质代谢异常,主要是AD水平显著升高;低G预适应和天然抗氧化剂TP具有明显的防护作用.     

大深度饱和潜水对潜水员尿量及尿中微量元素的影响CSCD

目的：观察大深度饱和潜水对潜水员尿量及尿中微量元素的影响,为大深度饱和潜水作业保障及促进潜水员作业后恢复提供理论依据。方法4名健康男性潜水员参加模拟480 m氦氧饱和潜水,收集入舱前1 d、舱中19 d、出舱后1 d的24 h尿液,测定尿中钡（Ba）、钴（Co）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、铅（Pb）、锶（Sr）、锌（Zn）含量,检测结果采用LSD方差分析。结果潜水员在舱内第4、7、8、10、17、18天尿量明显高于入舱前1 d、出舱后1 d,舱内第15天尿量明显高于入舱前1 d。24 h尿中,Ba元素排泄高峰在第10、11天,第16、18、19天排泄量明显低于第1～11天排泄量;Cr及Co元素第16、18、19天排泄量明显低于第1～11天的排泄量;Fe、Mn元素排泄高峰在第10、11天,Pb元素排泄高峰在第8、10天;Sr元素排泄量相对平稳,最高峰在第12天;Zn元素排泄最高峰在第8天,后逐渐降低,第19天的排泄量最低;Cu元素排泄在第10天急剧升高,之后降低,第19天排泄量最低。结论大深度饱和潜水对潜水员尿量及尿中微量元素代谢产生影响,为更好地保障潜水员特殊作业还需加强对其研究,寻找解决方法。     

模拟高海拔氦氧潜水对潜水员心率变异性的影响

目的 观察模拟高海拔缺氧和潜水条件下自主神经的交感-副交感的反应,探讨高海拔缺氧和潜水活动中自主神经系统的交感-迷走神经对心脏功能的互动调控作用.方法 4名潜水员作为受试者在高、低压舱内分别暴露于模拟海拔3000、4000和5200 m,各逗留2d,在此期间摸拟30 m和50m氦氧潜水60 min.记录受试者在高海拔暴露和模拟潜水时的心电图,运用频谱分析法对其总功率(TP)、高频(HF)、低频(LF)和低频/高频(LF/HF)的比值等指标进行分析.结果 人体暴露于海拔高度3000、4000和5200 m时,心率变异性(HRV)的TP、HF、LF,HF/(LF/HF)比海平面值明显减少,LF/HF 则明显升高.与高海拔相比,在模拟30和50 m潜水时发生明显相反的变化,HRV的各参数出现由高海拔暴露值向平原对照值回归转化的现象.结论 高海拔暴露引起交感神经活性升高,副交感神经活性降低,在潜水时发生相反的变化,HRV有向海平面值回归转移的趋势.     

抗氧化剂对哮喘治疗作用的疗效观察

 目的观察抗氧化剂对缓解期哮喘的治疗作用.方法将30例缓解期哮喘患者随机分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组20例患者给予维生素C0.5/d,维生素E0.3/d,连续4周.观察组10例患者不给予药物治疗.试验前后检测患者的第1秒呼出气量(FEV1)和乙酰甲胆碱PC20值(MCH-P20).结果治疗组的FEV1和MCH-PC20值较试验前增高(P＜0.01),而对照组FEV1和MCH-PC20前后变化不明显(P＞0.05).结论维生素C和维生素E对降低哮喘患者的气道高反应性是有益的.     

维生素E联合黄芪对新兵新训期间徒步行军后骨骼肌损伤的保护作用

 目的 观察维生素E联合黄芪对新兵新训期间徒步行军后骨骼肌的保护作用。方法 将60名男性新兵随机分为3组(每组20名):A组(对照组)、B组(维生素E防护组)、C组(维生素E+黄芪防护组)。行军前B、C组连续14 d服用维生素E[8 mg/(kg·d)],在此基础上C组给予口服黄芪(15 g/d),A组服用相同体积的0.9% NaCl溶液。14 d后让60名新兵进行120 km(4 d完成,每天均为30 km)徒步行军,行军过程中3组给予腿部热敷及其按摩(20 min/次,2次/d),徒步行军结束后2、3、6、24 h抽取外周静脉血并检测肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、活性氧类物质(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)浓度的变化。结果 A组外周血清CK、LDH、ROS、MDA值各个时间点均高于B、C两组,而GSH-Px、SOD活性值各个时间点均低于B、C两组,且差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组外周血清CK、LDH、ROS、MDA值各个时间点均高于C组,而GSH-Px、SOD活性值各个时间点均低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。A、B、C三组外周血清GSH-Px、SOD活性均于行军后开始下降,6 h达到最低值,24 h开始升高,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);三组新兵外周血ROS、MDA均于行军后开始升高,行军结束后6 h达到高峰,行军结束后24 h开始下降,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 维生素E联合黄芪能通过调节氧化与抗氧化平衡来抑制长时间运动中所导致的肌肉损伤,安全可靠,值得基层部队广泛推广。     

低剂量CT扫描及定量分析对慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道病变的应用研究

目的：探讨低剂量 CT 扫描及定量分析在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者气道病变中的应用价值。方法122例研究对象(其中正常对照组34例,稳定期 COPD 88例)均行低剂量 CT 扫描,88例 COPD 同时行肺功能检查。采用定量 CT 气道分析软件分别测量右上叶尖段、两下叶后基底段第3级支气管气道相关参数。结果中度组、重度组及极重度组 COPD 管壁面积百分比(WA %)、气道内周径为10 mm 时的管壁厚度(hypothetical airway with internal perimeter of 10 mm,Pi10)均大于正常对照组(P 均<0.05),极重度组 COPD WA%、Pi10大于轻度组 COPD(P 均<0.05)。重度组 COPD 管壁厚度(T)与体表面积比值(T/BSA)、管壁面积与体表面积比值(WA/BSA)均大于正常对照组及中度组 COPD(P 均<0.05)。COPD WA%、Pi10分别与肺通气功能指标、小气道功能指标呈负相关(r 值范围为-0.34~-0.51,P 均<0.01),且 Pi10与肺容积指标呈正相关(r 值范围为0.32~0.33,P 均<0.05)。结论低剂量 CT 扫描定量分析可为 COPD 气道病变提供客观定量评价信息,气道参数 WA%、Pi10是2个客观评价指标;随着COPD 肺功能程度加重,支气管厚度逐渐增厚。     

Immune function in rats following repetitive exposures to 7 ATA air

INTRODUCTION: The precise action of the immunological effects associated with hyperbaric exposure is poorly understood. This study's goal was to clarify the effects and etiology of deep air dives on the immune response. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 7-ATA air for 60 min twice daily for 3 consecutive days. Several markers of immune function, the degree of stress, and oxidative stress following or during the exposures were determined. Rats exposed to 1.47-ATA oxygen or 7-ATA nitrox (0.21-ATA oxygen + 6.79-ATA nitrogen) were taken as controls. RESULTS: Peripheral lymphocytes and CD3+ and CD4+CD3+ subsets in peripheral blood and spleen, plasma interleukin-2 level, and the responses of splenic lymphocytes to concanavalin A all decreased, antioxidant enzyme activities and the concentration of reduced glutathione both decreased, while the level of malondialdehyde increased following hyperbaric air exposures. All changes returned to normal in 3-5 d. Similar changes were observed following exposures to 1.47-ATA oxygen, but not to normoxic nitrox. Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone increased after one exposure and recovered to normal levels after three exposures in rats treated with either hyperbaric or normobaric air. Pretreatment of the animals with N-acetylcysteine, a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant attenuated the effects of hyperbaric air on immune and antioxidant systems. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that repetitive exposure to 7-ATA air has a temporary immunosuppressive effect on rats, which is related to oxidative stress induced by the high partial pressure of oxygen in breathing gas.     

Does oxygen-enriched air better than normal air improve sympathovagal balance in recreational divers?An open-water study

ABSTRACT

Effects of the hyperbaric environment on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in recreational divers are not firmly settled. Aim of this exploratory study was to (1) assess ANS changes during scuba diving via recordings of electrocardiograms (ECG) and to (2) study whether nitrox40 better improves sympathovagal balance over air.

13 experienced divers (~40yrs) performed two open-water dives each breathing either air or nitrox40 (25m/39min). 3-channel ECGs were recorded using a custom-made underwater Holter-monitor.

The underwater Holter system proved to be safe. Air consumption exceeded nitrox40 consumption by 12% (n = 13; p < 0.05). Both air and nitrox40 dives reduced HR (10 vs 13%; p < 0.05). The overall HRV (pNN50: 82 vs 126%; p < 0.05) and its vagal proportion (RMSSD: 33 vs 50%; p < 0.05) increased during the dive. Moreover, low (LF: 61 vs 47%) and high (HF: 71 vs 140%) frequency power were increased (all p < 0.05), decreasing the ratio of LF to HF (22 vs 34%).

: Conventional open-water dives distinctly affect the ANS in experienced recreational divers, with sympathetic activation less pronounced than vagal activation thereby improving the sympathovagal balance. Nitrox40 delivered two positive results: nitrox40 consumption was lower than air consumption, and nitrox40 better improved the sympathovagal balance over air.     

瞬时强噪声下对礼炮兵畸变产物耳声发射的检测

 目的探讨畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)在监测噪声性聋方面的应用价值.方法检测14名首次担负礼炮鸣放任务的礼炮兵(28耳)的DPOAE幅值和引出率.结果在162.8～183.5dB(Lp)的噪声强度下,礼炮鸣放后3 h和7 d各频率DPOAE幅值明显低于鸣放前(P<0.05或P<0.01),1月后恢复至正常水平.DPOAE的引出率仅于低频段处鸣放后7 d较鸣放前降低(P<0.05),1月后恢复至正常.结论DPOAE能较好地反映瞬时强噪声对礼炮兵耳蜗功能的影响.     

Experimental trials to assess the risks of decompression sickness in flying after diving.

We conducted experimental trials of flying after diving using profiles near the no-decompression exposure limits for recreational diving. The objective was to determine the dependence of DCS occurrence during or after flight on the length of the preflight surface intervals (PFSI). One to three dives were conducted during a single day with dry, resting subjects in a hyperbaric chamber at depths of 40, 60, or 100 fsw (224, 286, 408 kPa). The dives were followed by PFSI of 3 to 17 hrs and a four-hour altitude exposure at 8,000 ft (75 kPa), the maximum permitted cabin altitude for pressurized commercial aircraft. Forty DCS incidents occurred during or after flight in 802 exposures of 495 subjects. The DCS incidence decreased as PFSI increased, and repetitive dives generally required longer PFSI to achieve low incidence than did single dives (p = 0.0159). No DCS occurred in 52 trials of a 17 hr PFSI, the longest PFSI tested. The results provide empirical information for formulating guidelines for flying in commercial aircraft after recreational diving.     

肝硬化失代偿前后血清蛋白电泳图谱特征与肝损伤及体液免疫水平的调查

 目的 调查分析肝硬化代偿前后血清蛋白电泳各区带的变化和图谱特征,同时对其血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)等肝功能指标及C反应蛋白(CRP)、补体C3、免疫球蛋白等体液免疫指标进行测定,与健康人群进行比较,探讨其临床意义.方法 使用法国SEBIA公司Capillarys全自动毛细管电泳仪对标本进行电泳分析,其他指标在HITACHI 7600全自动生化分析仪上进行测定.结果 (1)与对照组比较代偿前后血清蛋白电泳白蛋白(ALB)区带所占比例显著下降,γ区带明显升高(均P＜0.01),β2区带有所升高;"β-γ"桥显著.(2)肝硬化两组血清ALT、AST、TBA、CRP、IgG、IgA、IgM显著升高,ALB水平显著降低(均P＜0.01);代偿组腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)显著升高(P＜0.01);总蛋白(TP)、C3降低,球蛋白(GLOB)升高(P＜0.05).(3)与代偿组相比失代偿后AST、TBA、CRP、IgG明显升高,而ALT、ADA、TP、ALB显著下降(均P＜0.01);GLOB、IgA、IgM升高而C3下降(均P＜0.05).结论 肝硬化代偿前后血清蛋白电泳可发生显著改变,肝损伤严重,体液免疫应急性亢进.三者联合检测分析更具临床意义和价值.     

Influence of bottom time on preflight surface intervals before flying after diving.

Previous trials of flying at 8,000 ft after a single 60 fsw, 55 min no-stop air dive found low decompression sickness (DCS) risk for a 11:00 preflight surface interval (PFSI). Repetitive 60 fsw no-stop dives with 75 and 95 min total bottom times found 16:00. Trials reported here investigated PFSIs for a 60 fsw, 40 min no-stop dive and a 60 fsw, 120 min decompression dive. The 40 min trials began with a 12:05 PFSI (USN guideline) which was incrementally reduced to 0:05 (three DCS incidents in 281 trials). The 120 min trials began with a 22:46 PFSI (USN guideline) which was reduced to 2:00 (nine incidents in 281 trials); 2:00 was rejected with six incidents. Low-risk PFSIs for the 40 min dive were nearly 12 hours shorter than for the 55 min dive, and low-risk PFSIs for the single 120 min decompression dive were 12 hours shorter than for the 75-95 min repetitive dives. With the dry, resting conditions of these dives, low-risk PFSIs appeared to be sensitive to dive profile characteristics such as bottom time, repetitive diving, and decompression stops. Whether this is so for wet, working dives is unknown.     

微波辐射对大鼠大脑皮层和海马突触素Ⅰ及相关信号通路的影响

目的 探讨微波辐射对大鼠大脑皮层和海马突触素Ⅰ及其相关影响因子BDNF和受体TrkB表达的影响。方法 采用30mW/cm² 微波辐射Wistar雄性大鼠40只,于辐射后6h、1d、3d和7d取材,通过免疫组织化学和RT-PCR检测大脑皮层和海马突触素Ⅰ,BDNF和TrkB表达的改变。结果 30 mW/cm²辐射后,突触素ⅠmRNA在大脑皮层于辐射后6h和1d增加(P<0.01),而3d和7d减少(P<0.01);海马突触素ⅠmRNA于辐射后6h和1d增加(P<0.01)。BDNF蛋白在大脑皮层于辐射后6h表达增强(P<0.05),1～3d达高峰(P<0.01);在海马于辐射后1d表达增强(P<0.05),3d～7d达高峰(P<0.01)。大脑皮层BDNF mRNA辐射后6h增加(P<0.01),1d减少(P<0.01),3d和7d又见增加(P<0.01或P<0.05);海马BDNF mRNA于辐射后1d增加(P<0.01)。TrkB蛋白在大脑皮层于辐射后1～3d表达增强(P<0.01);在海马于辐射后3～7d表达增强(P<0.01)。TrkB mRNA在大脑皮层于辐射后6h 和7d增加(P<0.01);海马TrkB mRNA于辐射后6h、3d和7d减少(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论 微波辐射可引起大脑皮层和海马突触素Ⅰ、BDNF及其受体TrkB表达异常,参与了微波辐射所致的突触传递障碍及其修复过程。     

Contraction-induced muscle damage is unaffected by vitamin E supplementation

PURPOSE: Vitamin E supplementation may confer a protective effect against eccentrically biased exercise-induced muscle damage through stabilization of the cell membrane and possibly via inhibition of free radical formation. Evidence supporting a protective role of vitamin E after contraction-induced muscle injury in humans is, however, inconsistent. The present study sought to determine the effect of vitamin E supplementation on indices of exercise-induced muscle damage and the postexercise inflammatory response after performance of repeated eccentric muscle contractions. METHODS: Young healthy men performed a bout of 240 maximal isokinetic eccentric muscle contractions (0.52 rad.s-1) after being supplemented for 30 d with either vitamin E (N = 9; 1200 IU.d-1) or placebo (N = 7; safflower oil). RESULTS: Measurements of torque (isometric and concentric) decreased (P < 0.05) below preexercise values immediately post- and at 48 h post-exercise. Biopsies taken 24 h postexercise showed a significant increase in the amount of extensive Z-band disruption (P < 0.01); however, neither the torque deficit nor the extent of Z-band disruption were affected by vitamin E. Exercise resulted in increased macrophage cell infiltration (P = 0.05) into muscle, which was also unaffected by vitamin E. Serum CK also increased as a result of the exercise (P < 0.05) with no effect of vitamin E. CONCLUSION: We conclude that vitamin E supplementation (30 d at 1200 IU.d-1), which resulted in a 2.8-fold higher serum vitamin E concentration (P < 0.01), had no affect on indices of contraction-induced muscle damage nor inflammation (macrophage infiltration) as a result of eccentrically biased muscle contractions.