梗死前心绞痛对老年急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后心功能和预后的影响

目的　探讨梗死前心绞痛对老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)术后心功能和预后的近期影响。方法　 54例老年首次AMI患者 ,按梗死前有无心绞痛史分为无心绞痛组、有心绞痛组 ,所有患者均在发病 6h内行直接PCI术。术后 2w测定心功能 ;住院期间观察恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克、梗死后心绞痛、再梗和死亡的发生率。结果　 (1 )有心绞痛组肌酸肌酶MB同工酶峰值低于无心绞痛组 (P <0 0 5)。 (2 )有心绞痛组左室射血分数和左室峰射血率均高于无心绞痛组 (P <0 0 5) ,左室峰射血时间低于无心绞痛组 (P <0 0 5)。(3)有心绞痛组梗死后心绞痛的发生率低于无心绞痛组 (P <0 0 5) ;有心绞痛组心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克的发生率、再梗率和住院病死率均有低于有心绞痛组的趋势 ,但均无显著性差异。结论　梗死前心绞痛可明显改善老年AMI患者直接PCI术后的心功能和近期预后     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对有无梗死前心绞痛患者心肌存活性和心室收缩同步性的影响

目的　探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)对有无梗死前心绞痛的急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者心肌存活性和心室收缩同步性的近期影响。方法　 87例首次 AMI患者 ,按梗死前有无心绞痛分为 3组 :A组 :无心绞痛史 30例。 B组 :梗死前 4 8h内有心绞痛史 39例。 C组 :仅在梗死前 >4 8h有心绞痛史 18例。所有患者均在发病 6 h内行直接 PCI术。术后 1周、4周行 99m　 Tc- MIBI心肌灌注断层显像 (SPECT)测定心肌存活性 ;术后 2周行 99m　 Tc心血池显像测定心室收缩同步性参数。结果　 (1) B组肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK- MB)峰值显著低于 A组 (P<0 .0 1)。 (2 ) B组放射性缺损面积 (MIA)小于 A组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;AMI后 4周与 1周比较 ,B组 MIA显著缩小 (P<0 .0 1) ,病变区放射性计数显著增加 (P<0 .0 1) ;C组和 A组前后比较均无显著差异。 (3)心功能 :B组左心室射血分数 (L VEF)高于 A组 (P<0 .0 1) ;左心室收缩同步性 :B组左心室相角程 (L PS)低于 A组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;以上各参数 ,C组和 A组比较均无显著差异。结论　 (1)首次急性心肌梗死前 4 8h内心绞痛发作可导致心肌缺血预适应 (ischemic preconditioning,IP)的产生 ,并可缩小心肌梗死面积 ,保护心功能。 (2 )直接 PCI可显著提高有 IP的急性心肌梗死患者的近期心肌存活性和     

老年急性初发心肌梗死前有无心绞痛对心功能及预后的影响

目的观察老年急性心肌梗死前有无心绞痛对心功能及预后的影响。方法76例老年初发急性心肌梗死患者按急性心肌梗死发病前有无心绞痛发作分为两组,有心绞痛发作组42例,无心绞痛发作组34例,观察其心律失常、梗死后心绞痛、心功能和病死率。结果心肌梗死前有心绞痛发作组的心原性休克和心力衰竭的发生率及病死率均低于心肌梗死前无心绞痛发作组(分别为33.3%vs58.8%,2.4%vs23.5%),两组间差异有显著性,P<0.05;超声心动图检查发现LVEF和E/A有心绞痛发作组高于无心绞痛发作组(分别为0.52±0.056vs0.45±0.03,0.86±0.29vs0.54±0.35),两组间差异有显著性,P<0.05。结论心肌梗死前有心绞痛对老年初发急性心肌梗死患者的心功能有保护作用,可改善患者的近期预后。     

梗死前心绞痛对急性心肌梗死患者直接PCI术后的影响

目的　探讨梗死前心绞痛对首次急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)术后的近期影响。方法　 10 0例首次 AMI患者 ,按梗死前有无心绞痛史分为 A(有心绞痛史 ,5 5例 )、B(无心绞痛史 ,4 5例 ) 2组 ,所有患者均在发病 12 h内行直接 PCI术。术前术后监测心肌酶变化 ;术后 2周行心血池显像测定左心室射血分数。并观察住院期间心律失常、心力衰竭或心源性休克的发生率及再梗死率、病死率。结果　 (1) A组肌酸激酶同工酶峰值低于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (2 ) A组自溶现象发生率高于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;A组无再流现象发生率低于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (3) A组左心室射血分数高于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (4 ) A组心力衰竭或心源性休克的发生率和再梗死率均低于B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　梗死前心绞痛可促进 AMI患者梗死相关动脉自溶现象的产生 ,并可减少直接 PCI术后无再流现象的发生 ,从而改善心室功能和近期预后     

心肌梗死前心绞痛对老年急性前壁心肌梗死的保护作用研究

目的　观察心肌梗死前 2 4h内心绞痛对老年急性前壁心肌梗死有无保护作用。方法　选择老年急性前壁心肌梗死 10 8例 ,有梗死前心绞痛者为A组 (5 3例 )、无梗死前心绞痛者为B组 (5 5例 ) ,行心电图、心肌酶、超声心动图、核素心血池等检查。对心电图QRS积分值、心肌酶峰值、左室射血分数、心源性休克、室壁瘤形成及短期病死率进行比较。结果　B组心肌梗死患者QRS积分值、心肌酶峰值、心源性休克、室壁瘤形成及 1个月病死率明显高于A组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,左室射血分数明显低于A组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　梗死前 2 4h内心绞痛可减低老年急性心肌梗死时QRS积分值 ,保护心功能 ,降低短期病死率。缺血预处理可能是梗死前心绞痛保护作用的主要机制。     

冠状动脉内心电图对急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的预测价值

目的分析冠状动脉内心电图(IC-ECG)对急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的预测价值。方法选择2012年5月~2013年1月于宣武医院诊治的首次发病的急性心肌梗死患者29例,其中男性22例,女性7例,平均年龄(54.8±12.8)岁。IC-ECG抬高的ST段回落50%的时间小于40 s,归入A组(21例);大于40 s,归入B组(8例)。所有患者均行冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)。检测梗死后1周左室射血分数(LVEF)。PCI后行99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像,24 h后再行硝酸甘油介入心肌灌注显像,比较两组缺损面积像素值及缺损区域放射性计数百分比。记录术后4周梗死后心绞痛、室性心律失常、充血性心力衰竭、死亡等发生情况。结果梗死后1周,A组LVEF值为(56.7±6.6)%,B组为(48.8±5.9)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组静息时放射性缺损面积像素值为(220±43.4),B组为(241±48.6);硝酸甘油介入后A组缺损面积像素值较B组明显减少,(104.8±31.6)vs.(209±33),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。静息时A组缺损区域放射性计数百分比为(24.2±7.1)%,B组为(20.4±6.5)%。硝酸甘油介入后A组病变区域放射性计数百分比明显高于B组,(29.9±5.7)%vs.(23.2±5.5)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后4周,A组发生梗死后心绞痛4例(19.0%),室性心律失常4例(19.0%),充血性心力衰竭2例(9.5%);B组发生梗死后心绞痛1例(12.5%),室性心律失常1例(12.5%),充血性心力衰竭3例(37.5%)。两组均无死亡发生。B组充血性心力衰竭发生率高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉内心电图ST段回落时间短,近期预后较好。     

梗死前心绞痛对女性急性前壁心肌梗死的保护作用研究

目的　观察梗死前心绞痛对女性急性前壁心肌梗死有无保护作用。方法　选择女性急性前壁心肌梗死 98例 ,有梗死前心绞痛者为A组 ( 4 8例 )、无梗死前心绞痛为B组 ( 5 0例 ) ,行心电图、心肌酶、超声心动图、核素心血池等检查。对心电图QRS积分值、心肌酶峰峰值、左室射血分数、心源性休克、室壁瘤形成及短期病死率进行比较。结果　B组心肌梗死患者QRS积分值、心肌酶峰值、心源性休克、室壁瘤形成及 1个月病死率明显高于A组 ,P <0 .0 5 ,左室射血分数明显低于A组 ,P <0 .0 5。结论　梗死前 2 4小时内心绞痛可减低女性急性心肌梗死患者QRS积分值、保护心功能、降低短期病死率     

梗死前心绞痛产生的缺血预适应对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者的心肌保护作用

目的通过观察梗死前心绞痛(angina pectoris,AP)对急性心肌梗死的影响,研究梗死前AP产生的缺血预适应作用对急性心肌梗死行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗患者的心肌保护作用。方法 125例首发急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment element myocardial infarction,STEMI)并行急诊PCI治疗的患者,按有无梗死前AP分为AP组和非AP组。研究患者的一般临床情况、院内预后指标(心力衰竭、心源性休克、心室颤动/室性心动过速、房室传导阻滞、室壁瘤、心脏破裂等),测定肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzyme MB,CKMB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponinl I,c Tn I)峰值,心肌梗死后1周的左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-pro BNP)浓度。结果 AP组中CK-MB峰值、c Tn I峰值、NT-pro BNP浓度明显低于非AP组,而LVEF高于非AP组,且差异皆有统计学意义(P0.05);而心力衰竭、心源性休克、心室颤动/室性心动过速等心脏事件发生率的比较中,AP组均明显低于非AP组,其中心力衰竭发生率在两组中的比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心肌梗死前AP产生的缺血预适应作用能显著减小心肌梗死面积,改善急性心肌梗死患者住院期间短期预后。     

不同治疗手段对老年急性心肌梗死近远期临床疗效的对比

目的 对比研究急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)、静脉溶栓、一般治疗老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的近远期临床疗效.方法 将290例老年AMI患者分为急诊PCI组170例,静脉溶栓组37例,一般治疗组83例,比较3组患者住院期间和随访期间左心室射血分数(LVEF)、主要心血管不良事件(ACE,包括再梗死、再发心绞痛、严重心力衰竭、恶性心律失常、死亡等)发生率.结果 急诊PCI升高LVEF值;明显降低再发心绞痛、严重心力衰竭、恶性心律失常、死亡及复合终点事件的发生率(P＜0.05).结论 急诊PCI老年AMI能安全有效地开通梗死相关动脉,及时灌注缺血心肌,改善左心室功能,降低心血管事件再发率.     

缺血预适应及侧支循环对缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死前心绞痛产生的缺血预适应独立于或协同冠状动脉侧支循环对缺血-再灌注心肌的保护作用。方法 44例发病6 h内接受直接冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性心肌梗死患者,按梗死前48 h内有无心绞痛分成2组,有梗死前48 h内心绞痛(PA)组24例、无梗死前48 h内心绞痛(NPA)组20例,每组再按有无冠状动脉侧支循环血管分成两亚组,PCI完成后对梗死相关血管(IRA)血流进行TIMI分级评价,同时左心室造影,记录室壁运动记分(WMS)及左心室舒张末期压力(LVEDP),监测心肌酶48 h,PCI完成后1周、4周末分别行99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注显像(SPECT),比较前后显像缺损程度记分(SS)的变化,计算并比较两组及亚组间心肌挽救指数(MSI),第2周时行平衡法核素心室造影(ERNA),比较两组及亚组间左心室收缩功能参数、左心室舒张功能参数、心室收缩同步性(LVSS)的差异。结果 PA组心肌损伤标记物肌酸激酶(CK)及其同工酶(CK-MB)峰值水平显著低于NPA组[(1172±985)U/L比(2291±1267)U/L,P<0.05;(197±102)U/L比(316±144)U/L,P<0.05],冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果显示两组侧支循环Rentrop分级无差异,PCI完成时PA组IRA无再流(no-reflow)发生率显著低于NPA组(8.3％比20％,P<0.05),WMS和INEDP也显著低于NPA组[分别为(5.39±0.91比7.11±1.27),P<0.0     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.