逆向抽空减压法治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤3例

目的：探讨和评价逆向抽空减压法治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的临床治疗效果。方法：采用逆向抽空减压法对3例颅内巨大动脉瘤患者进行手术治疗，并对其手术方法进行分析，对患者进行了随访。结果：对3例巨大动脉瘤均采用标准的翼点入路联合颈部颈动脉抽吸顺利夹闭。其中1例患者术后拒绝DSA复查，术后9个月随访患者偶有头晕，左眼视力略有好转，GOS(glasgow outcome scale)预后分级为V级；1例患者术后有左侧肢体不完全偏瘫，头颅CT显示右基底核缺血性改变，DSA复查示右颈部颈总动脉阻断处略狭窄，载瘤动脉通畅；术后6个月随访．GOS预后分级为Ⅳ级；另1例患者术后恢复良好，头颅CT复查显示动脉瘤夹闭完全，载瘤动脉显影良好；GOS预后分级为V级。结论：逆向抽空减压法使部分不可直接夹闭或难以直接夹闭的颅内巨大动脉瘤变为可夹闭动脉瘤，是治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤安全有效的方法之一。     

青少年颅内动脉瘤的影像学特征及治疗

目的探讨青少年颅内动脉瘤的影像学特征及治疗策略。方法对16例青少年（年龄为15—18岁;男10例,女6例）颅内动脉瘤的影像学特征、治疗方式及其结果进行回顾性分析。结果青少年颅内动脉瘤占同期颅内动脉瘤的0．9％。以蛛网膜下腔出血发病者8例,以肢体无力、动眼神经麻痹、外伤后鼻衄等发病者8例。共发现20个颅内动脉瘤,其中位于前循环15个,位于后循环5个;动脉瘤的部位：大脑中动脉5个,基底动脉及海绵窦内各3个,后交通动脉、脉络膜前动脉、颈内动脉各2个,眼动脉、大脑后动脉及椎动脉各1个。动脉瘤的直径〈15mm者13个,≥15mm者7个,其中4个〉25mm,属于巨大动脉瘤。3例患者为多发动脉瘤。16例患者中,12例接受治疗：①介入治疗8例：其中5例行动脉瘤内栓塞术治疗,2例行载瘤动脉闭塞,1例海绵窦段颈内动脉假性动脉瘤行支架置入术;②显微外科手术治疗4例：其中2例行动脉瘤颈夹闭术,2例大脑中动脉复杂动脉瘤行颅内外动脉旁路移植后行动脉瘤孤立术。未治疗4例：1例治疗前载瘤动脉闭塞,动脉瘤自愈;术前动脉瘤再破裂死亡1例,2例因治疗风险巨大未行治疗。9例治疗患者经平均45个月的随访,均恢复良好（格拉斯哥预后量表评分为4～5分）结论①大脑中动脉是青少年颅内动脉瘤的好发部位;巨大型、外伤性、多发性、梭形动脉瘤比例较高;②青少年颅内动脉瘤治疗难度较大,部分病例需采用载瘤动脉闭塞或血管旁路移植术后孤立动脉瘤的方法进行治疗,预后较好;⑧青少年颅内动脉瘤的发病方式、影像学特征及治疗特点与儿童颅内动脉瘤相似,而与成人区别较大。     

Intracranial aneurysms, coronary aneurysms and descending aortic coarctation--unreported association

Rare association of coronary artery aneurysms with intra cranial aneurysms is reported. Also, association of abdominal aortic coarctation with intracranial aneurysms is rare. A 70-year-old female presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to rupture of intracranial aneurysm. On evaluation, she was found to have intracranial aneurysms in the vertebral and basilar artery, coronary aneurysms and descending thoracic aortic coarctation. This association is unreported.     

Incidental aneurysms of aorta and basilar artery in patients with coronary artery ectasia. A magnetic resonance angiography study

OBJECTIVE: Incidental intracranial aneurysms have been revealed in 0.5-1% of adult patients undergoing cerebral angiography, while only 8% of those aneurysms are located in the basilar artery. Those aneurysms running usually symptomless, may lead to life-threatening situations due to rupture. Intracranial aneurysms could co-exist with abdominal aneurysms. Another dilating arterial lesion, coronary artery ectasia was linked in previous studies with aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. The aim of the present study is to investigate the coexistence of coronary artery ectasia with other aneurysms since dilating arterial lesions seem to share a similar pathogenesis, a thin or absent media of the arterial wall. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten consecutive patients with coronary artery ectasia after coronary angiography underwent magnetic angiography (MRA) of the brain, thoracic and abdominal aorta. Three incidental aneurysms were revealed: one intracranial aneurysm located in the basilar artery, one extended thoracic/abdominal aneurysm and one abdominal aneurysm. Embolism was used for the management of the basilar artery aneurysm while the extended aneurysm of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta was surgically repaired in part. CONCLUSIONS: Whether our results are just a coincidence or they announce a common pathogenesis is a subject of further screening studies of the population. Nevertheless, a high index of suspicion is expected for patients with coronary ectasia about the presence of other vascular defects at different locations, especially when non-typical symptoms are mentioned.     

显微手术治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的预后观察

目的 探讨显微手术治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的技巧和预后.方法 回顾性分析经显微手术治疗的80例颅内巨大动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中包括77例行瘤颈夹闭术、2例行动脉瘤孤立术、1例行血管旁路移植合并动脉瘤切除术.术后均常规进行叫哚菁绿术中荧光造影监测手术结果.从Hunt-Hess分级、不同部位动脉瘤及不同手术时机三个方面观察预后,以格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）评估预后.结果 全组80例中,出院时GOS评分良好67例（83.8%）,差9例（11.2%）,死亡4例（5.0%）.①Hunt-Hess 0～Ⅲ级的73例中,良好65例（89.0%）; Hunt-Hess Ⅳ级的7例中,良好的仅2例（28.6%）.两者差异有统计学意义,校正χ2=13.006,P 〈 0.001.②后交通动脉动脉瘤和大脑中动脉瘤良好率分别为92.8%（13/14）和91.7%（11/12）;床突旁动脉瘤和椎-基底动脉瘤良好率为60%～70%.由于各组例数不多,总比较差异无统计学意义,χ2=5.599,P 〉0.05.③在56例蛛网膜下腔出血的患者中,手术时机≤3d者良好率低于＞3d者,差异有统计学意义.χ2=9.088,P〈0.05.结论 ①术中更充分地暴露、近端载瘤动脉的临时阻断、调整瘤夹以对瘤颈良好塑形、做好必要时血管旁路移植术的准备,是颅内巨大动脉瘤手术成功关键.②手术疗效与Hunt-Hess分级和手术时机相关.③不同部位动脉瘤因样本量有限,未显示与手术效果相关.     

单一治疗方法未完全治愈颅内动脉瘤的再处理

目的探讨单一治疗方法(开颅夹闭或血管内栓塞)不能完全治愈颅内动脉瘤的再处理。方法回顾性分析采用开颅夹闭或血管内栓塞治疗的13例颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料,包括影像学结果、治疗方法和疗效。结果13例患者中,4例初次治疗选用开颅夹闭,9例初次治疗选用血管内栓塞。共患有动脉瘤18个,其中大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤3个,前交通动脉动脉瘤8个,后交通动脉动脉瘤4个,胼周动脉瘤2个,基底动脉尖端动脉瘤1个。13例中4例有多发动脉瘤。血管内栓塞后,7例复发或残余动脉瘤行再次开颅夹闭术;手术夹闭联合血管内栓塞处理颅内多发动脉瘤3例;开颅夹闭后残余动脉瘤3例行血管内栓塞治疗。所有患者均治愈出院,临床随访1个月至3年,患者临床症状无复发表现。结论开颅夹闭联合血管内栓塞治疗初次处理复发、残余动脉瘤以及颅内多发动脉瘤是安全、有效的治疗方法。     

电解可脱微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂68例

目的探讨电解可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效和技术要点。方法对68例颅内动脉瘤患者（71个动脉瘤）应用微导管技术，通过数字减影全脑血管造影以GDC行血管内栓塞治疗。结果动脉瘤100％栓塞53个，95％栓塞9个，90％栓塞6个，85％栓塞2个，过度栓塞1个。并发脑血管痉挛8例，动脉瘤破裂4例，存活67例，死亡1例。67倒患者随访3—14个月，无复发出血者，3例重残，2例轻残，62例恢复良好，良好率为61．2％。结论GDC血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗手段，若注意手术操作技巧可减少并发症的发生。     

Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid circulation: an unusual presentation

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an arterial disease of unknown etiology. Most often it affects the renal and internal carotid arteries (ICA), although any artery can be involved. Internal carotid arteries are affected in 25-30% of patients. When carotid arteries are involved, cervical segments C1-C2 are most often affected. FMD of intracranial arteries is rare. FMD has been associated with intracranial aneurysms in 7-50% cases, but FMD associated with a giant (> 2.5 cm) intracranial aneurysm is rare. Extracranial internal carotid aneurysms are uncommon, with only 3% caused by FMD. We report a case of intra and extracranial FMD associated with a giant intracranial aneurysm and an aneurysm of the right extracranial ICA.     

Neurofibromatosis type 1 with basilar artery fusiform aneurysm manifesting Wallenberg's syndrome

A case of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) manifesting Wallenberg's syndrome and fusiform aneurysm of the basilar artery is reported. The patient suddenly developed dysarthria, walking difficulty and sensory disturbance. Neurological examination suggested Wallenberg's syndrome and MR imaging confirmed an ischemic lesion at the left lateral medulla oblongata. Cerebral angiography revealed a fusiform aneurysm at the middle portion of the basilar artery. However, there was no occlusive change in either the posterior inferior cerebellar artery or the vertebral artery. The clinical and radiological features are discussed together with a review of NF1 cases with intracranial aneurysms in the literature.     

Congenital giant aneurysm of the left coronary artery

We report an unusual case of congenital giant coronary aneurysm. A 23 year-old male with a history of acute myocardial infarction presented an abnormal shadow in the left cardiac border on routine X-ray. Electrocardiogram and physical examination were normal without any clinical signs of inflammation, but computed tomography (CT) scan and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a giant (>50mm) coronary aneurysm. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) resection resolved the CAA. Coronary artery aneurysms are entities of localised dilation and can be common events in chronic infectious disease as a result of the systemic inflammatory state; however, giant coronary aneurysms (measuring more than 50mm) are rare. This is especially true where the pathological aetiology was not clearly defined or was believed to be of congenital origin. To date only a few published case reports exist for this type of pathological entity.     

Giant aneurysm of the main hepatic artery secondary to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography features

This case report describes a patient with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and a giant hepatic artery aneurysm. Aneurysms of the hepatic artery are the second most common form of visceral artery aneurysms. The causes of hepatic artery aneurysms are atherosclerosis in 30% of cases, arteritides, periarterial inflammation, liver transplantation, and hepatic tumor embolization. To our knowledge no giant hepatic artery aneurysm has been described in relation to Weber-Rendu-Osler disease in the literature. These aneurysms probably develop because of hepatic arterio-venous fistulas and secondary to changes in arterial hemodynamics. The increased use of non invasive imaging techniques such as MRI before liver transplantation in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia reveals these asymptomatic aneurysms and makes it possible to choose the best therapeutic approach.     

可吸收聚合物涂层电解可脱性弹簧圈在颅内动脉瘤栓塞术中的应用

目的 探讨可吸收聚合物涂层电解可脱性弹簧圈(MDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的效果。方法 对23例颅内动脉瘤患者(24个动脉瘤)行MDC栓塞术。结果 24个动脉瘤中，100％致密填塞15个(占62．5％)；95％填塞5个(占20．8％)；90％填塞4个(占16．7％)；1例术后出现短期并发症。随访均无动脉瘤复发。结论 MDC能显著促进动脉瘤囊内血栓机化和瘢痕组织形成、内皮增生，较单纯电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞动脉瘤更有优势。     

手术中微血管多普勒超声在颅内巨大动脉瘤治疗中的应用

目的探讨手术中微血管多普勒超声在颅内巨大动脉瘤手术治疗中的应用。方法13例颅内巨大动脉瘤患者进行了手术直接夹闭或动脉瘤孤立+旁路移植手术。术中分别在动脉瘤夹闭前及夹闭后应用术中微血管多普勒对动脉瘤及邻近血管进行血流速度的检测,以及在动脉瘤孤立后进行移植血管和吻合血管血流的检测。结果巨大动脉瘤内血流的多普勒波谱主要表现为4种:无波形;间断不连续波形;双向波形;单向波形,但速度均小于载瘤动脉的速度。5例直接塑形夹闭动脉瘤中,其中2例在夹闭后证实有载瘤动脉或邻近血管的狭窄。7例旁路移植手术中,多普勒检测移植血管均通畅。1例单纯孤立术夹闭后检测瘤内无血流。结论在颅内巨大动脉瘤的手术治疗中,术中微血管多普勒超声是一种简便、安全有效的监测技术。     

数字减影血管造影结合容积再现技术在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中的应用价值

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中DSA结合容积再现技术(VRT)的应用价值。方法回顾性连续纳入2016年1月至7月入住江苏省苏北人民医院神经外科的颅内动脉瘤患者19例,均行开颅夹闭术。夹闭后即刻行DSA并利用VRT处理相关图像,对夹闭效果欠佳者调整动脉瘤夹后,直至造影证实夹闭满意。将动脉瘤无复发且格拉斯哥预后评分为4~5分评价为治疗效果良好。结果 19例患者共计26个动脉瘤,显微镜下观察均完全夹闭。经造影证实,18个动脉瘤首次完全夹闭,1个基底动脉顶端动脉瘤其对侧大脑后动脉夹闭并伴有瘤颈残留,1个前交通动脉动脉瘤将对侧A2夹闭,1个后交通动脉动脉瘤将脉络膜前动脉完全夹闭,3个瘤颈部残留,1个大脑中动脉分叉处动脉瘤夹闭后上干血管狭窄,1个前交通动脉动脉瘤夹闭后前交通动脉及对侧A2起始处狭窄。2个因术中动脉瘤破裂出血未能调整外,其余经调整后夹闭理想。2例严重脑血管痉挛中,1例经导管缓慢注射罂粟碱后好转,1例应用罂粟碱脑棉片局部湿敷后好转。术中DSA及VRT图像处理时间30~100 min,未发生造影相关并发症。术后随访3~16个月,CT血管成像示均无动脉瘤再生长及狭窄血管闭塞,1例偏瘫,18例恢复良好。结论术中DSA结合VRT有助于术中实时观察夹闭效果、调整动脉瘤夹,可减少瘤颈残留、载瘤动脉和瘤周血管闭塞,从而改善手术效果。     

国产Willis覆膜支架治疗复杂性颅内动脉瘤的疗效及长期随访

目的评价国产Willis覆膜支架系统治疗复杂性颅内动脉瘤患者的安全性及远期疗效。方法 2006年10月—2007年9月,复旦大学附属华山医院神经外科单纯采用国产颅内Willis覆膜支架系统,治疗7例复杂性颅内动脉瘤,其中颈内动脉海绵窦段3例,颈内动脉眼动脉段1例,4例均为大型宽颈动脉瘤;颈内动脉后交通段复发动脉瘤1例,椎动脉小脑后下动脉下段大型夹层动脉瘤2例。结果①对7例（7个动脉瘤）患者共置入9枚覆膜支架,其中8枚成功置入载瘤动脉。对5例置入支架后即刻造影,显示病变完全消失,载瘤动脉通畅;1例巨大海绵窦段动脉瘤置入1枚支架后,有少量对比剂漏入动脉瘤（内漏）;1例椎动脉瘤置入第1枚支架内漏明显,再置入1枚支架后好转。②术中发生颅内远端血管破裂出血1例,经开颅手术清除血肿后痊愈。其他病例无手术相关并发症。③术后5～12个月对7例患者均行临床及DSA随访,均无神经功能障碍。2例有内漏者,1例消失,1例仍有少量内漏,但较术后即刻明显好转;7例均无动脉瘤复发,载瘤动脉通畅。5例术后45～55个月再获得DSA随访,动脉瘤无复发,载瘤动脉通畅、无狭窄。1例失访,1例非动脉瘤性死亡。结论对部分复杂性颅内动脉瘤,采用Willis覆膜支架治疗安全有效,长期疗效较好。     

颞下入路夹闭基底动脉尖破裂动脉瘤四例并文献复习

基底动脉尖破裂动脉瘤是神经外科病死率较高的一种复杂疾病,选择介入手术还是开颅手术治疗该疾病目前仍存在争议。作者报道了2016年1月至2020年10月基底动脉尖动脉瘤患者4例,均经颞下入路进行动脉瘤夹闭术。术中逐步分离滑车、动眼神经,分离大脑后动脉,探查至基底动脉,并夹闭动脉瘤。术后患者均无神经功能损伤,动脉瘤夹闭完全。破裂基底动脉尖动脉瘤采用经颞下入路的方式,手术视野清晰,解剖明确,可安全有效地夹闭动脉瘤。     

联合应用三维计算机断层和数字减影血管造影诊治颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨联合应用三维计算机断层血管造影(CTA)和数字减影血管造影(DSA)诊治颅内动脉瘤的效果。方法 对60例怀疑颅内动脉瘤的患者行CTA和DSA检查，其中1例仅行CTA检查。所有病例再行CTA、DSA检查，将所有检查结果及术中发现做比较。结果 (1)CTA发现55例共56个动脉瘤，9例宽颈，1例多发动脉瘤；DSA发现52例共56个动脉瘤，9例宽颈，4例多发动脉瘤；共治疗53例。(2)9例宽颈动脉瘤，4例手术(2例分别球囊、支架辅助栓塞)，4例多发动脉瘤均行手术夹闭，1例载瘤动脉闭塞；43例窄颈动脉瘤，31例电解可脱微弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞，9例夹闭，3例转院。(3)2例仅依据CTA资料行急诊手术，术中发现与CTA检查结果相符。结论 CTA和DSA联合检查有助于颅内动脉瘤的诊断，对治疗方案的选择有重要的指导意义。     

支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内梭形动脉瘤

近年来 ,迅速发展的血管内治疗逐渐成为治疗颅内动脉瘤的重要手段 ,但梭形动脉瘤的处理不仅是外科治疗的难点 ,也是目前应用电解可脱弹簧圈进行血管内治疗的难点。文章就颅内梭形动脉瘤的流行病学 ,支架结合弹簧圈血管内治疗的适应证、治疗时机的选择、治疗前后用药、并发症及其预防措施等方面的进展进行了综述。     

血流导向装置治疗颅内大型和巨大型动脉瘤的效果分析

目的探讨Pipeline血流导向装置(PED)治疗颅内大型、巨大型动脉瘤的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性连续纳入2014年11月至2016年5月第二军医大学附属长海医院神经外科经DSA或头部CT血管成像(CTA)或头部MR血管成像(MRA)证实为颅内动脉瘤的患者33例,并对其临床及影像学资料进行分析,评价其安全性及有效性。结果 33例患者共35个动脉瘤,均成功释放PED,其中10个动脉瘤采用单纯PED置入,25个采用PED置入结合弹簧圈栓塞术(包含2个采用Pipeline桥接技术)。围手术期出现1例(1个动脉瘤)血栓栓塞事件并出血转化,1例(1个动脉瘤)因致死性动脉瘤延迟出血而死亡。临床随访31例(33个动脉瘤),随访时间为术后4~18个月,无出血或血栓栓塞事件发生。18个动脉瘤获术后短期影像学随访(3~5个月,增强MRA或DSA),其中10个瘤颈残留或瘤体显影,8个动脉瘤完全不显影;19个动脉瘤获术后中期影像学随访(6~16个月,增强MRA或DSA),其中2个瘤颈残留,17个动脉瘤完全不显影。结论 PED治疗颅内大型和巨大型动脉瘤安全有效,但血流导向装置置入后颅内出血的并发症不可忽视,其相关机制需进一步研究。