多层螺旋CT评价肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损的价值:与超声心动图和心导管造影的对照研究

目的 比较多层螺旋CT(MDCT)和心导管造影、经胸超声心动图(TTE)在术前评价肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损的价值.方法 回顾分析116例手术证实的肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损患者的临床和影像资料.比较MDCT,TTE和心导管检查评价肺固有动脉、体肺动脉侧支以及室间隔缺损和主动脉骑跨程度的价值.结果 在显示肺固有动脉方面,MDCT、TTE和心导管与外科结果的一致性分别为99.1%,61.2%和93.6%.MDCT和心导管间一致性的差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.29,P=0.07).MDCT和TTE间一致性的差异有统计学意义(χ2=50.01,P<0.0001).MDCT能清楚显示外科探查到的275支粗大体肺侧支,一致性为100%.心导管与外科显示粗大体肺侧支的一致性为93.9%,MDCT和心导管造影一致性的 差异有统计学意义(χ2= 14.84,P=0.0001).MDCT和心导管与TTE显示主动脉骑跨的一致性分别为92.2%和90.4%.MDCT和心导管与TTE显示室间隔的一致性分别为95.7%和87.2%.结论 MDCT可以准确地显示肺动脉闭锁的肺固有动脉和心内畸形,是一种无创可靠的评价肺动脉闭锁的影像学检查方法.     

多层螺旋CT血管造影对肺静脉异位引流的诊断价值

目的 研究16层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)及其三维重建在先天性心脏病(简称先心病)肺静脉异位引流中的应用价值.方法 对12例手术证实的异位引流肺静脉干38支进行分析,所有病例均行MSCT增强扫描,随后在工作站进行三维重建,并与12例经胸超声心动(TTE)及心血管造影(CAG)结果进行对比.结果 手术证实异位引流肺静脉干38支,其中完全型异位引流肺静脉干32支,其中心上型24支、心内型8支,部分型异位引流肺静脉干6支,其中心上型3支、心内型3支.MSCTA、TTE、CAG诊断准确率分别为100%、81.6%、97.4%,MSCTA及CAG诊断准确率与TTE诊断准确率有显著性差异(χ2=7.71,P<0.01)、(χ2=5.03,P<0.05),MSCTA与CAG诊断准确率无显著性差异(χ2=1.01,P>0.05).结论 MSCTA及其三维重建对先心病异位引流肺静脉诊断与CAG诊断无显著性差异,是一种很好的无创检查方法.     

MSCTA对肺静脉异位引流的诊断价值

目的：比较多层螺旋CT血管成像（MSCTA）和经胸超声心动图（TTE）对肺静脉异位引流的诊断价值。方法：对2007年9月～2009年5月22例临床怀疑先天性肺静脉异位引流的患儿行MSCTA检查及TTE检查,并与手术结果相对照。结果：经手术证实22例病例中,完全性肺静脉异位引流13例,其中心上型6例,心内型5例,心下型2例;部分肺静脉异位引流9例,其中心上型8例,心内型1例。MSCTA和TTE的诊断符合率分别为96%和73%。结论：MSCTA是诊断先天性肺静脉异位引流的重要手段。     

TTE联合CTA检查对肺静脉异位引流的诊断价值

目的 探讨经胸超声心动图(TTE)联合CTA检查对肺静脉异位引流(APVC)的诊断价值。方法 选取经手术证实的63例APVC患者资料,术前均行TTE检查,61例行CTA检查。以术中诊断标准对TTE及CTA判定的APVC分型、肺静脉异位数量及合并的心血管畸形/病变进行对比分析,评价两种检查方法对APVC诊断的准确性。结果 63例中手术证实部分性肺静脉异位引流(PAPVC) 48例、完全性肺静脉异位引流(TAPVC) 15例。PAPVC分型:心内型25例,心上型19例,心下型1例,混合型3例; TTE对PAPVC分型诊断准确率为64.58%,对存在PAPVC的提示率为75.00%;对肺静脉异位连接支数的诊断准确率为65.79%;对合并心血管畸形/病变诊断准确率为89.83%,漏、误诊6例均为心外血管畸形。CTA检查,分型诊断准确率为97.92%;对肺静脉异位连接支数的诊断准确率为97.37%;对合并心血管畸形/病变诊断准确率为83.05%,漏诊误诊10例以房间隔缺损及瓣膜病变为主。TAPVC分型:心内型8例,心上型4例,心下型2例,混合型1例。TTE对TAPVC分型诊断准确率为73.33%...     

心血管造影、磁共振成像与经胸超声对先天性胸内大血管畸形的诊断价值比较

目的比较心血管造影(CAG)、磁共振成像(MRI)、经胸超声(TTE)对先天性胸内大血管畸形(CAITGV)的诊断价值。方法对沈阳军区总医院1993—1998年期间132例经手术证实的CAITGV病人的MRI,TTE,CAG的诊断结果进行分析。结果132例患者经手术证实有98例共119处畸形,包括主动脉瓣上狭窄(2处),先天性主动脉窦瘤破裂(13处)、主动脉弓离断(7处)、主动脉弓缩窄(15处)、主动脉弓闭锁(2处)、动脉导管未闭(54处)、主肺动脉隔缺损(4处)、完全性肺静脉异位引流(9处)、冠状动脉心室瘘(13处)。MRI诊断的灵敏度为97.5%,特异度为97.1%;TTE诊断的灵敏度为83.2%,特异度为100%;CAG诊断的灵敏度为98.1%,特异度为100%。MRI对CAITGV的灵敏度优于TTE(P<0.05),而与CAG相当(P>0.05)。MRI在主动脉弓畸形、完全性肺静脉异位引流等畸形的细节解剖显示上可以弥补CAG和TTE的不足。结论MRI可以清晰地显示各种CAITGV病理解剖及其畸形部位,若辅以TTE检查,可以作为一种可靠、实用的无创性方法,能补充CAG检查的不足,对主动脉弓离断、主动脉弓缩窄、主动脉弓闭锁、完全性肺静脉异位引流等可取代有创性的CAG检查。因此MRI可作为各种CAITGV术前诊断的首选检查方法。     

多层螺旋CT对复杂型先天性心脏病的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）对比增强及后处理技术对复杂型先天性心脏病（CCHD）的诊断价值。资料与方法分析35例经手术证实的CCHD的MSCT资料,术前均行经胸心脏二维超声（TTE）检查,其中17例有X线心血管造影（CAG）对照。结果手术证实畸形共136处,MSCT、TTE及CAG总的诊断准确性分别为94.9%、72.1%,95.3%;其中心脏畸形47处,MSCT漏诊4处,TTE漏诊2处,CAG漏诊1处,3种检查的诊断准确性差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.89,P〉0.05）;心脏大血管连接部及大血管畸形共计89处,MSCT、TTE、CAG诊断准确性分别为96.6%,59.6%,95.1%,MSCT（χ^2=35.76,P〈0.01）及CAG（χ^2=17.17,P〈0.01）诊断准确性明显高于TTE,MSCT与CAG诊断准确性差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.17,P〉0.05）;MSCT与TTE联合应用可提高诊断准确性达97.8%。结论MSCT能客观清晰地显示CCHD的病理解剖形态,对心脏大血管连接部及大血管畸形的诊断明显优于TTE,在CCHD的无创性检查中具有较高的诊断价值。     

MSCT诊断新生儿肺静脉异位引流的临床价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在新生儿肺静脉异位引流中的应用价值.方法 对15例肺静脉异位引流患儿进行MSCT扫描,并进行分型.结果 MSCT能很好显示肺静脉异位引流的引流途径、开口位置及并发畸形,确诊15例,诊断准确率100％,诊断伴发畸形准确率为86.7％.结论 MSCT(MPR、CPR、MIP、VR)重建图像所显示的肺静脉异位引流情况与术中所见一致,可作为新生儿肺静脉异位引流术前的重要检查手段.     

CT在房间隔缺损合并肺静脉异位引流中的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：评价 CT对房间隔缺损（ASD）合并肺静脉异位引流（APVC）的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析我院 CT检查的24例ASD合并APVC的病例,观察房间隔缺损的位置、大小,异位肺静脉引流的位置、形态及其异位连接,并与经胸心动超声（TTE） 比较,以手术或心导管造影所见为参考标准,评价CT检查诊断的准确性。结果：24例ASD合并APVC的病例中,腔静脉窦型房缺 14例,二孔型房缺9例,无顶冠状静脉窦型房缺1例;肺静脉异位引流中完全性肺静脉异位引流4例,其中心上型3例,心脏型1例,部分性肺静脉异位引流20例,其中心上型8例,心脏型12例。CT的诊断准确性为100%,TTE的诊断准确性为75%（18/24） 。结论：CT在ASD合并APVC的诊断中具有很高的价值,对临床诊断和手术方案的制订起到重要作用。     

房间隔完整的部分型肺静脉异位引流的超声心动图综合诊断

目的 探讨房间隔完整的部分型肺静脉异位引流(PAPVC/IAS)患者超声心动图(TTE)的综合诊断要点。方法 选取15例经外科手术或CT血管造影(CTA)诊断为PAPVC/IAS的TTE特征及检查切面,总结该类疾病的综合诊断思路。结果 PAPVC/IAS患者的左心房肺静脉开口均少于4支,异位引流的肺静脉或直接连于右心房或通过体静脉间接回流至右心房。其中心上型7例(46. 7%)、心内型5例(33. 3%)、心下型2例(13. 3%)、混合型1例(6. 7%)。结论 超声检查中不明原因的右心增大、肺动脉扩张、肺动脉压力增高且房间隔连续完整的患者,应考虑PAPVC/IAS的可能。在常规检查的基础上,增加不同体位、检查部位,采用连续追踪和重点切面相结合的肺静脉观察方法,可以提高PAPVC/IAS的诊断检出率。     

弯刀综合征的经胸超声心动图诊断

目的 探讨弯刀综合征(scimitar syndrome)经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)的图像特征及漏诊原因,提高TTE诊断的准确性。方法 选取经外科手术证实54例弯刀综合征患儿的超声图像。结果 54例弯刀综合征中,心脏右移27例,右肺动脉发育不良19例;右侧两支肺静脉异位引流40例,单支右下肺静脉异位引流13例,肺静脉支数变异1例。合并房间隔缺损38例、动脉导管未闭11例、室间隔缺损8例、法洛四联症2例、主动脉缩窄2例、单心室2例、右室双出口1例。TTE确诊36例,诊断正确率66.7%;漏诊肺静脉异位连接18例,漏诊率33.3%。结论TTE可以诊断弯刀综合征,但容易漏误诊;加强剑突下、高位胸骨旁切面肺静脉的探查,可提高经胸超声心动图对弯刀综合征的诊断正确率。     

Role of MDCT angiography in the preoperative evaluation of anomalous pulmonary venous connection associated with complex cardiac abnormality

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in patients with APVC associated with complex cardiac abnormality.

Materials and methods

The clinical and imaging data of 39 patients with APVC confirmed by surgery were retrospectively reviewed. According to accompanied cardiac malformations, patients with APVC were classified as isolated and complex group. Using surgical findings as the reference standard, diagnostic agreement of MDCT, TTE (transthoracic echocardiography) and cardiac catheterization for detection of APVC were calculated.

Results

At surgery, 27 patients were considered as complex APVCs. MDCT correctly diagnosed APVC in all patients and the diagnostic agreements between MDCT and surgery were both 100% in isolated and complex groups. All 5 APVCs which could not be detected at cardiac catheterization were in complex group, and the diagnostic agreements were 100% and 76.2% in isolated and complex groups, respectively. At TTE, eight of nine disagreed patients were complex cases. The diagnostic agreements of TTE were 91.7% and 66.7% in isolated and complex groups, respectively. The dysmorphic pulmonary veins were identified in 11 patients by MDCT.

Conclusions

MDCT is superior to catheterization and TTE in evaluation of APVC associated with complex cardiac defects.     

双源CT对先天性心脏病肺静脉异常连接的诊断价值

目的：探讨双源CT（DSCT）在先天性心脏病肺静脉异常连接（APVC）中的诊断价值。方法：35例患者中男25例,女12例。22例经手术证实,对DSCT诊断APVC类型进行分析。结果：双源CT诊断APVC的符合率为100%（22/22）,对伴发畸形的诊断符合率为90.9%（20/22）。DSCT诊断完全型APVC 20例57.1%（20/35）,最常见异常连接血管为上腔静脉48.9%（23/47）、垂直静脉42.6%（20/47）,多数存在伴发畸形95%（19/20）,房间隔缺损最常见52.6%（10/19）。DSCT诊断部分型APVC 42.9%（15/35）,最常见异常连接为右肺静脉连接至右心房占51.6%（16/31）,多数存在伴发畸形86.7%（13/15）,房间隔缺损最常见46.2%（6/13）。结论：DSCT可以满足APVC的诊断。     

Preablation assessment for the left atrium: comparison of ECG-gated cardiac CT with echocardiography

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the role of two-dimensional echocardiography and electrocardiographically (ECG)-gated contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomographic (MSCT) cardiac imaging to assess cardiac anatomy, specifically pulmonary venous anatomy and left atrial thrombus, in a selected group of patients before catheter-based atrial fibrillation ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Left atrial anatomy and associated findings in 34 consecutive patients scheduled for electrophysiologic testing who underwent both echocardiography and ECG-gated 16-slice MSCT cardiac imaging were retrospectively compared. Results from two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), cardiac MSCT, electrophysiologic study (EPS), and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (when performed) were taken from the official medical record without prior knowledge of this study when interpretation was rendered for clinical use. Electronic record review included: presence of left atrial thrombus (defined as constant filling defect on at least two echocardiographic views or filling defect on computed tomography) and location, pulmonary venous anatomy, and other cardiac, mediastinal, or pulmonary abnormalities. RESULTS: Left atrial thrombus was identified by cardiac MSCT alone in five patients (15%). Pulmonary venous variants were identified with cardiac MSCT in two patients (6%). Both MSCT and echocardiography were normal in 17 subjects (79%). Echocardiography was better at identifying associated valvular abnormalities that were seen in 10 patients (29%). Cardiac MSCT angiography alone identified other cardiac and noncardiac abnormalities, including suspicious pulmonary malignancy, mediastinal adenopathy, and coronary stenosis in 15 patients (44%). CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiography and cardiac MSCT angiography often provide complimentary findings during the preprocedural evaluation for patients with atrial fibrillation requiring ablation. Cardiac MSCT may provide significant additional information about the left atrium, mediastinum, coronary circulation, and visualized lung fields. Based on this study, we would advise that patients considered for radiofrequency ablation for uncontrolled right atrial fibrillation have both echocardiography and ECG-gated contrast-enhanced cardiac MSCT performed as part of the preprocedure evaluation.     

Triage of patients with suspected coronary artery disease using multislice computed tomography

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Several studies have shown that multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting coronary artery stenoses. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether MSCT can reliably triage patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or no revascularization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 123 patients with suspected CAD who were referred for conventional coronary angiography (CATH) additionally underwent MSCT (16*0.5 mm detector collimation). Therapeutic decisions made on the basis of CATH and MSCT strictly following current guidelines for treatment of CAD were compared with decisions made by a cardiac surgeon and an interventional cardiologist. Only MSCTs with at least adequate image quality in all coronary segments were included in the analysis (94/123). RESULTS: Decisions made on the basis of MSCT and CATH according to guidelines did not differ significantly (agreement of 88%, 82 of 94, P = .319). The therapeutic decisions made by the interventional cardiologist and the cardiac surgeon based on CATH differed significantly (overall agreement of 79%, 74 of 94 cases, P < .001; cardiologist: 78% PCI and 22% CABG versus surgeon: 38% PCI and 62% CABG), whereas there was 100% agreement regarding decisions for or against invasive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: MSCT shows good agreement with CATH in triaging patients with suspected CAD to CABG, PCI, or no revascularization. The choice of revascularization procedure is significantly more strongly influenced by whether an interventional cardiologist or a cardiac surgeon makes the decision than by the diagnostic test on which the decision is based.     

64层螺旋CT及其联合心肌酶检查用于急性心源性胸痛诊断的价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT及其联合心肌酶检查用于诊断急性心源性胸痛的价值.方法 对70例急性心源性胸痛患者及35例正常对照进行64层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)、血清心肌酶检查.结果 MSCTA联合心肌酶检查诊断急性心源性胸痛特异性为100.00％,敏感性为95.71％,均显著高于单用MSCTA时的94.29％和90.00％(P＜0.05);MSCTA在诊断冠状动脉狭窄时发现狭窄数量稍低于冠状动脉造影,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MSCT分辨钙化粥样斑块CT值为(341.66士308.43)HU,而非钙化粥样斑块CT值为(59.89士67.94)HU,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 64层螺旋CT联合心肌酶诊断急性心源性胸痛时具有良好的特异性与敏感性,64层螺旋CT还可用于判断冠状动脉狭窄与斑块性质.     

Prognostic value of 64-slice coronary angiography in diabetes mellitus patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease compared with a nondiabetic population

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of coronary angiography with multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in a population of diabetic subjects with known or suspected ischaemic heart disease compared with a nondiabetic control population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) [group 1; mean age 67.7+/-8.8 years; 32 men; mean body mass index (BMI) 28+/-3.9] and 49 patients without DM (group 2, with similar demographic and clinical characteristics) were studied with MSCT coronary angiography to exclude the presence of ischaemic coronary artery disease (CAD). Each group comprised 26 patients (53%) with no history of ischaemic coronary disease and 23 patients (47%) with a history of myocardial infarction and/or myocardial revascularisation. Clinical follow-up was performed by analysing correlations between the rate of cumulative cardiac events (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and myocardial revascularisation), the severity of CAD identified on MSCT, and the presence of DM as a cardiovascular risk factor. RESULTS: At mean follow-up of 20 months, univariate analysis of survival showed significant differences between the two groups (group 1 vs. group 2, p=0.046). Moreover, the cumulative cardiac event rate correlated significantly with the presence of significant CAD (>50% stenosis) in both groups (group 1: p=0.003; group 2: p=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Event-free survival is significantly lower in the diabetic population compared with the normal control population (p=0.046) and is closely correlated with the presence of significant CAD. MSCT is an effective method for stratifying such risk and, together with high diagnostic accuracy, provides additional prognostic value.     

Value of 3D-volume rendering in the assessment of coronary arteries with retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic value and measurement precision of 3D volume rendering technique (3D-VRT) from retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT (MSCT) data sets for imaging of the coronary arteries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 35 patients, retrospectively ECG-gated MSCT of the heart using a four detector row MSCT scanner with a standardized examination protocol was performed as well as quantitative X-ray coronary angiography (QCA). The MSCT data was assessed on segmental basis using 3D-VRT exclusively. The coronary artery diameters were measured at the origin of each main coronary branch and 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm distally. The minimum, maximum and mean diameters were determined from MSCT angiography and compared to QCA. RESULTS: A total of 353 of 525 (67.2%) coronary artery segments were assessable by MSCT angiography. The proximal segments were more often assessable when compared to the distal segments. Stenoses were detected with a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 92.8%. According to the Bland-Altman method the mean differences between QCA and MSCT ranged from -0.55 to 1.07 mm with limits of agreement from -2.2 mm to -2.7 mm. CONCLUSION: When compared to QCA, the ability of 3D-VRT to quantitatively assess coronary artery diameters and coronary artery stenoses is insufficient for clinical purposes.     

16层螺旋CT对肾结石并发肾盂癌术前诊断的可行性

目的探讨16层螺旋CT对肾结石并发肾盂癌的术前诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的14例肾结石并发肾盂癌的B超及多层螺旋CT资料,并将二者的诊断与术后病理诊断对比。结果 B超检查术前有6例漏诊并发肾盂癌,检查漏诊率42.8%(6/14);而多层螺旋CT术前13例诊断明确,仅有1例漏诊,检查准确率达92.8%(13/14)。结论与超声相比,16层多层螺旋CT能显著提高肾结石并发肾盂癌的术前诊断准确率,故可作为肾结石并发肾盂癌术前诊断的首选检查方法。     

Normal anatomy of the vessels of the heart with 16-row multislice computed tomography

Nowadays, cardiac imaging is not part of the clinical routine for the radiologist. Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) with 4 rows allowed to start the non invasive evaluation of coronary arteries. The introduction of 16-row MSCT has significantly improved the performance and diagnostic accuracy of this technique, so far that MSCT angiography has been advocated as a potential clinical tool for the study of coronary artery disease. Therefore, it is mandatory to understand normal cardiac and coronary anatomy in order to evaluate the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. The anatomical visualisation provided by MSCT differs from the one of conventional coronary angiography because it is not a simple "lumenology" but it is capable to provide information on the vessel wall, until now only achieved by invasive techniques such as intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography, and on neighbouring structures. Aim of this works is to provide the basics of anatomy of the vessels of the heart applied to MSCT.