微柱凝胶卡式法与改良凝聚胺法在交叉配血试验中的运用

目的探讨微柱凝胶卡式法(MGT)和改良凝聚胺法(MPT)在交叉配血工作中的方法学比较及联合价值。方法应用MGT和MPT两种方法对403例受血者做不规则抗体筛查和交叉配血试验。结果 MGT法检测出不规则抗体5例,交叉配血不合者17例;MPT法测出不规则抗体4例,交叉配血不合11例。结论 MGT法具有更高的敏感度和特异性,MGT法与MPT法联合应用有利于提高临床输血的及时性与安全性。     

A new association test to test multiple-marker association

As a result of the availability of a very large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms, there has been increasing interest in genetic associations involving several closely linked loci. Methods for detection of association between traits and multiple genetic polymorphisms are being rapidly developed, which include the Hotelling's T(2) test and the LD contrast (LDC) tests. The Hotelling's T(2) test can be considered as a test to compare the means of the genotypic score in cases and controls; while the (LDC) tests can be considered as a test to compare the variance-covariance matrices of the genotypic score in cases and controls. In this article, we propose a likelihood ratio test which simultaneously compares the means and the variance-covariance matrices of the genotypic score in cases and controls. We use simulation studies to evaluate the type I error rate of the proposed test, and compare the power of the test with the Hotelling's T(2) test and the LDC tests. The simulation results show that when marginal effects of the disease loci are strong, the proposed test is more powerful than the LDC tests and similar with or slightly less powerful than the Hotelling's T(2) test. If there are interaction effects and weak or no marginal effects, the proposed method is more powerful than the Hotelling's T(2) test and slightly more powerful than the LDC tests.     

结婚纪念日，给婚姻做个“年检”

婚姻就像一部车，运行了一年之后，总会有一些零部件被磨损和消耗，如果不及时检修，难免出现问题。给婚姻做个“年检”，你想过吗？“年检日”就可以定在“结婚纪念日”。     

Urine test

On August 6, 1996, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first urine test to detect HIV antibodies. The FDA states that the urine test, developed by Calypte Biomedical Corp. of Berkeley, CA, should not be used to screen donors at blood banks and should be used only as a supplemental diagnostic tool because it is not as accurate as the standard blood-based test. The test, for use only by health care professionals and insurance companies, will be marketed by Seradum Inc. of Indianapolis under the trade name Sentinel. The price will be $40 to $50, comparable to the recently approved saliva-based tests. Advocates of the urine test say it is safer, easier, and less intrusive than blood testing. Critics say the tests are too unreliable and fear that the urine samples used in drug testing in the workplace also could be used to screen out HIV-positive job applicants.     

碳酸镧在CA,UDS和MN试验中抗诱变作用

应用人胚纤维母细胞染色体畸变试验，非程序合成试验和小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验，研究了碳酸镧对短波紫外线，盐酸氮芥，亚砷酸钠和环磷酰胺致突变作用的影响，从遗传学角度评估了碳酸镧的抗诱变作用。     

线索细胞、pH测定和氨气味试验在细菌性阴道病的诊断价值

目的:探讨线索细胞、pH测定和氨气味试验在细菌性阴道病(BV)的诊断价值。方法:对2007年2～4月在四川大学华西第二医院门诊就诊,符合纳入标准和排除标准的127例妇女盲法进行线索细胞分析、pH测定、氨气味试验和分泌物Nugent积分。以Nugent积分作为BV诊断的"金标准",对线索细胞、pH测定和氨气味试验进行诊断试验性能评价。结果:线索细胞分析具有较高的敏感度(91.49%)和阴性预测值(94.37%),氨气味试验具有较高的特异度(93.75%)和阳性似然比(9.87),而该两项试验的其他诊断性能也较好,pH值试验诊断BV各项性能指标均较差。三项试验的联合诊断敏感度降为38.44%,特异度达99.74%。结论:在BV诊断的Amsel标准中,诊断性能依次为线索细胞、氨气味试验和pH值,多项试验联合应用可提高诊断特异度。     

320台CT设备性能和机房防护检测结果分析

目的 对北京市现有CT设备的性能和机房防护情况进行检测并进行分析，为进一步提高北京市CT设备性能和机房防护合格率，促进北京市CT设备合理配置提供参考。方法 按照GB 17589-2011《X射线计算机断层摄影装置质量保证检测规范》规定的检查项目、要求及其检测方法，对北京市320台CT设备进行性能状态检测。按照GBZ 130-2013《医用X射线诊断放射防护要求》规定的要求和方法，对320台CT设备机房进行防护检测。检测结果采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。结果 通过对320台CT设备性能和机房防护检测结果的统计分析，发现北京市CT设备性能检测合格率和机房防护检测合格率较高，均达到99.7%，CT设备中≥ 64排CT比例比以往明显提高。在进口CT和国产CT的两项重要指标对比中，进口CT在高对比分辨力（高对比算法）优于国产CT（P=0.03），而国产CT在低对比可探测能力上优于进口CT（P=0.03）。结论 北京市CT设备性能和机房防护检测合格率均较高，归功于持续监测和不断推进新的监督措施，如开展"医用辐射监测网"和医院"稳定性检测"等，未来需继续推进相关工作。在CT设备配置优化上，可根据实际情况适当引入国产CT设备，并通过购置≥ 64排CT提高工作效率。     

Bogus test kits

A California man, Larry C. Greene, was sentenced to 63 months in Federal prison after being convicted of marketing phony HIV home test kits. Greene's sentence was the maximum allowed. U.S. District Judge Robert E. Coyle said Greene showed no remorse for the emotional harm he caused to his customers. Greene marketed the kits through the Internet and more than 30 local pharmacies. He claimed the kits were "confidential, safe, accurate, and easy to use". The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recalled the kits in December and instituted a criminal investigation.     

New blood test

Gen-Probe, Inc., has been awarded a $7.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute to develop tests that are sensitive enough to halve the number of HIV-contaminated blood transfusions. The test should be able to detect HIV genetic material within 11 days of infection, half the time of current test methods. About 20 people per year contract HIV via contaminated transfusions.