玻璃体切除联合硅油填充手术治疗急性感染性眼内炎

目的：研究玻璃体切除联合硅油填充手术治疗急性感染性眼内炎的临床效果。

方法：回顾性分析2008-01/2013-02我院收治的急性感染性眼内炎患者23例23眼临床资料,排除伴有球内异物的病例。所有患者均采用常规闭合三通道玻璃体切除联合硅油填充手术,其中6眼(并发外伤性白内障)联合Ⅰ期晶状体摘除+Ⅰ期人工晶状体植入术,3眼(并发外伤性白内障)联合Ⅰ期晶状体切除+Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入术, 4眼(硅油填充期间并发白内障)联合Ⅱ期晶状体摘除+Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入术,5眼(4眼外伤性眼内炎及1眼青光眼滤过泡漏致眼内炎)保留晶状体,1眼(白内障术后眼内炎)联合Ⅰ期人工晶状体取出+Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入,4眼(白内障术后眼内炎)保留人工晶状体。

结果：随访6～24mo,行玻璃体切除联合硅油填充手术的患者23例23眼眼内炎均得到有效控制,21眼(91%)患者视力不同程度提高。有2眼玻璃体切除术后眼压≥30mmHg,1眼行硅油取出术后眼压恢复正常,另1眼取硅油术后眼压仍高,需应用降眼压药物控制。

结论：急性感染性眼内炎患者及时行玻璃体切除联合硅油填充手术治疗,能有效控制眼内炎,提高患者视力。     

人工晶状体植入术后感染性眼内炎的治疗

目的 探讨白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术后感染性眼内炎的治疗效果。方法 对12例白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术后并发感染性眼内炎患者进行前房冲洗、玻璃体切除和玻璃体腔内注药及其它综合治疗。结果 11眼眼内炎症得到控制，1眼因炎症不能控制而行眼内容摘除。8眼视力有不同程度提高。结论 目前临床上对白内障摘出术后，感染性眼内炎的治疗首选方法是前房冲洗和早期玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔内注入适量广谱抗生素，术后配合中西药物综合治疗。     

白内障摘除、人工晶体植入术后慢性眼内炎

探讨白内障摘除,人工晶体植入术后慢性眼内炎的病因,临床特点及治疗效果,方法：４例白内障摘除、人工晶体植入术后慢性眼内炎分别接受了玻璃体切除、人工晶体取出等治疗,并作微生物学检查。结果：术３例保存有用视力,１例眼球萎缩;１例自结膜囊培养出丙酸杆菌,３例微生物培养均为阴性。     

人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎治疗的临床分析

目的分析总结人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎的临床特征及治疗效果。方法2001年2月～2004年4月,我院收治此类患者7例(7只眼),分别于人工晶状体植入术后1～12天发生化脓性眼内炎。感染后视力：光感～手动／30cm。治疗方法：2只眼行玻璃体腔药物注射;4只眼行玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔药物注射;1只眼行眼内容剜出术。结果术后随访1～36个月,6只眼眼内炎症控制,视力分别为0、02、0．4、0．6、0．8、0．8,其中1只眼出现角膜内皮功能失代偿。结论人工晶状体植入术后突然发生的术眼疼痛是化脓性眼内炎早期重要特征之一。玻璃体腔注射联合玻璃体切除术是人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎安全、有效的治疗方法。     

玻璃体切除联合硅油填充治疗白内障术后感染性眼内炎

目的 探讨白内障摘除术后感染性眼内炎的手术治疗方法并评价其疗效.方法 对2006年9月至2007年8月间从外院转来的行白内障摘除、人工晶状体植入术后并发感染性眼内炎的6例7只眼.其中5例6只眼为经巩膜隧道的小切口白内障囊外摘除术,1例1只眼为超声乳化手术.采取显微玻璃体切除、眼内激光光凝及眼内硅油填充.结果 随访1～6月.随访时6只眼眼前节无异常,视网膜平伏,视力提高;1只眼因细菌毒力过强,眼内组织损伤严重而无光感,但眼球得以保留.结论 白内障术后感染性眼内炎是一种严重的手术并发症,治疗不及时,视功能将受到不可逆的损害.应用玻璃体切除联合硅油填充,可使眼内炎得到有效控制,最大限度的保存视力和保留眼球.     

超声乳化白内障摘除术后眼内炎的临床探讨

目的:探讨超声乳化白内障摘除术后眼内炎的发生,预防和治疗方法。方法:对2001/2007间行超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术的15615眼进行回顾性分析。结果:全部术眼中有9例术后发生眼内炎。均于发现后立即行玻璃体切割玻璃体注药术,并做玻璃体细菌学检查,3眼细菌培养阳性,1眼证实为真菌感染。2眼治疗后无光感,1眼眼球摘除。结论:超声乳化摘除术后眼内炎的发生率为0.058%,危险因素主要为结膜囊的污染和后囊膜破裂。术前严格消毒,减少后囊膜破裂的发生,同时积极地治疗可控制其发生和发展。     

人工晶状体植入术后急性眼内炎

目的 探讨白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术后急性眼内炎的临床特点、治疗方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析5848例白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术后发生急性眼内炎4例(4眼),眼内炎发生于术后2～6d,视力为光感～数指/10 cm.治疗方法:2例行玻璃体腔内注药术,其中1例效果欠佳,于次日行玻璃体切除联合玻璃体内注药;另2例行玻璃体切除术联合玻璃体腔内注药,均配合全身及局部应用抗生素及皮质类固醇类药物.结果 随访8～26个月,4例眼内炎均得到控制,最后视力分别为0.15、0.25、0.6、0.8.结论 白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术后急性眼内炎是白内障手术的严重并发症,玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔注药是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

单纯玻璃体切除术治疗细菌性眼内炎的疗效评价

目的 评估单纯行玻璃体切除术对外因性细菌性眼内炎的疗效。方法 外因性细菌性眼内炎21例(21只眼)，其中白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后1只眼，眼球穿通伤后20只眼。均作睫状体平部三切口玻璃体切除术，晶状体混浊者一并切除，若有球内异物一并取出，伴视网膜脱离者，重水或气／液交换复位视网膜后行眼内炎光凝、长效气体或硅油填充以及巩膜环扎，术中灌注液内不加入庆大霉素，术毕不作玻璃体腔注药，术后联合抗生索和激素静脉用药。结果 炎症控制20只眼，术后矫正视力提高20只眼，有效率为80．95％。结论 玻璃体切除术对严重细菌性眼内炎而言是最重要的治疗手段。     

晶状体前段玻璃体切除术治疗复杂性眼外伤的临床观察

我院1993年2月～1995年12月应用国产玻璃体切割机配合进口一次性切割头行晶状体前段玻璃体切除治疗复杂性眼外伤14例，取得了较满意的临床效果，现分析如下：一般资料：本组14例，男12例，女2例。年龄最大45岁，最小2岁。其中眼内异物取出术后外伤性白内障伴视网膜脱离2例；外伤性眼内炎2例；角膜穿通伤修补术后复杂性外伤性白内障6例；继发性青光眼2例；眼钩挫伤晶状体玻璃体异位玻璃体积血2例。术前视力光感10例，年幼儿视力检查不合作3例，l例眼内炎视力无光感。手术方法：按内眼手术前常规准备，充分散瞳。眼内灌注液为眼用平衡液。眼内…     

糖尿病性白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术并发症临床观察

白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术，尤其是近年来自内障超声乳化吸出术的普及，已成为糖尿病患者白内障视力矫正的主要方法，但易出现眼内出血、纤维素性渗出等并发症。为更好地减少或避免手术并发症，提高术后疗效，本文对糖尿病性白内障患者施行白内障超声乳化联合后房型人工晶状体植入术40例46只眼，进行观察如下。     

白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后急性感染性眼内炎的临床观察

目的探讨白内障摘除联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术后急性感染性眼内炎的治疗策略。 方法收集2011至2017年广州爱尔眼科医院收治并诊断为白内障摘除联合IOL植入术后发生急性感染性眼内炎的9例患者的临床资料。其中,在广州爱尔眼科医院进行白内障手术后发生眼内炎的患者1例,在基层医院行白内障手术后发生眼内炎的转诊患者8例。查阅患者的视力、眼压、眼前节、眼部B超扫描等检查结果。对患者行玻璃体切除术(PPV),并依据患者的感染情况行IOL取出＋硅油填充术。手术中常规取前房液和玻璃体液进行细菌和真菌培养。 结果在9例患者中,糖尿病患者1例,高血压患者2例,其余无长期全身疾病。本文中所有患者发生急性感染性眼内炎的时间均在白内障手术后1～9 d,表现为术眼剧痛、视力急剧下降、结膜充血水肿、角膜不同程度水肿、房水混浊伴或不伴前房积脓及出现前房渗出膜等症状。眼部B超检查结果显示患者的玻璃体混浊,眼底窥不见。在9例急性感染性眼内炎患者中,有8例患者及时进行PPV治疗,1例患者由于角膜混浊未能进行完整的PPV;7例患者术前曾行前房冲洗及取材行病理涂片,6例患者于PPV前进行玻璃体腔内注射万古霉素;术后早期有3例患者取出IOL联合硅油填充术,其余6例患者保留IOL以及眼内注药,无填充硅油。9例患者中有7例患者术后视力较术前有所提高,其中最佳矫正视力在0.01～0.09的有2例,在0.1～0.3的有3例,在0.3～0.5的有2例,1例患者术后视力无提高,1例患者由于感染不能控制,进行眼内容物剜除术。 结论PPV是白内障摘除术后急性感染性眼内炎有效控制感染的治疗方法。对于角膜条件相对较好的眼内炎患者积极行PPV是保留患者视功能的关键。     

玻璃体切割联合手术治疗严重眼外伤的临床观察

目的：探讨玻璃体切割联合手术治疗严重眼外伤的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院自2011-01以来收治的经玻璃体切割联合手术治疗的严重眼外伤患者30例31眼。结果：患者31眼中术后视力提高24眼,术前无光感12眼中术后视力不变2眼,光感2眼,手动3眼,指数4眼,1眼恢复为0.1;6眼球内异物的异物取出率为100%,炎症控制好;18眼复杂视网膜脱离,15眼成功复位,视网膜复位率为83%;14眼外伤性白内障或晶状体脱位,玻璃体手术后12眼行人工晶状体植入术,晶状体植入率为86%。结论：严重眼外伤包括术前无光感眼,经过恰当的玻璃体手术联合相应的治疗措施,可以最大限度保留患者的眼球及挽救患者的视功能。     

Influence of cataract and posterior chamber lens implantation on the dynamics of the aqueous humor. Prospective study in fluorophotometry

The influence of posterior chamber lens implantation on the aqueous humor dynamics was investigated using anterior chamber fluorophotometry before and 9 weeks after cataract extraction and IOL implantation. 34 Patients finished the protocol. Patients with preexisting glaucoma or those having a history of ocular or systemic inflammation were excluded from the study, also those taking topical or systemic drugs with potential influence on the aqueous humor dynamics. 9 weeks after IOL implantation, a mean increase in aqueous humor flow was notified. This increase was highly significant (p less than 0.01, Students paired t-test). There were no significant changes in aqueous humor dynamics in the unoperated, fellow eyes which served as controls. The significant difference of aqueous humor flow 9 weeks after cataract extraction and IOL implantation indicates that the liberation of prostaglandins may cause an increase of outflow facility as well as pseudo-facility.     

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Endophthalmitis after cataract extraction

PURPOSE: To report the clinical course, treatment response, and prognosis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis following cataract extraction. METHODS: The clinical records of six cases of S. maltophilia endophthalmitis after cataract extraction were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected for surgical characteristics, disease course, culture growth, antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogen, response to treatment, and final visual acuity. RESULTS: Four patients underwent uncomplicated cataract extraction with phacoemulsification (PHACO) and intracapsular intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. One case was complicated by inadvertent posterior capsular tear during PHACO and IOL implantation. One patient underwent a combined extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with IOL implantation and trabeculectomy, but vitrectomy was also performed because of cortical material loss into the vitreous cavity after a capsular tear. Symptoms began between postoperative days 1 and 19. All patients underwent a vitreous tap and intravitreal injections of antibiotics. Medical therapy alone was sufficient in five patients to treat the infection. One patient had four episodes of recurrence. Pars plana vitrectomy with subsequent capsulectomy and IOL extraction were performed in this patient to complete remission. CONCLUSION: S. maltophilia should be considered a pathogenic organism possibly causing endophthalmitis after PHACO+IOL implantation. The clinical picture resembles acute bacterial endophthalmitis. When the pathogen has settled in the capsular bag, the infection may persist and become refractory to medical treatment.     

玻璃体切除手术治疗复杂眼外伤

目的:探讨玻璃体切除术在治疗复杂眼外伤中的应用价值。方法:对75例77眼复杂眼外伤的玻璃体切除手术进行临床分析。结果:眼内非磁性异物18眼,摘出率100%。玻璃体积血26眼,复杂视网膜脱离23眼,复位率85%,化脓性眼内炎5眼,炎症均控制。继发性青光眼5眼,眼压均控制在正常范围内。77眼中术后视力提高者63眼(85%),视力不变或下降者14眼(15%)。结论:玻璃体切除手术是目前最理想的治疗复杂眼外伤的方法。     

Cataract surgery in sympathetic ophthalmia

PURPOSE: To analyze the results of cataract surgery in patients with sympathetic ophthalmia. SETTING: Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India. METHODS: This study comprised 66 patients (132 eyes) with sympathetic ophthalmia seen at the uveitis referral clinic between January 1990 and July 2001; 42 eyes (31.8%) had cataract. Cataract surgery was performed in 17 sympathizing eyes and 1 exciting eye (17 patients). The records of these 18 eyes were retrospectively analyzed. Three eyes had extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, 6 eyes had ECCE without IOL implantation, and 9 eyes had phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. The mean follow-up was 28.7 months (range 3 to 60 months). RESULTS: The causes of sympathetic ophthalmia were penetrating trauma (n = 8 eyes), ocular surgery (n = 6), perforated corneal ulcer (n = 2), and cyclocryotherapy (n = 1). The most common cataract type, present in 7 eyes (38.8%), was mixed (posterior subcapsular and posterior polar). Visual acuity improved after surgery in 13 eyes (72.2%). The main factors impairing visual recovery were submacular scar and optic atrophy, which were sequelae of the sympathetic ophthalmia. Posterior capsule opacification was noted in 14 eyes (77.7%); it was visually significant in 6 eyes. There was no significant difference in postoperative inflammation or disease reactivation between the 3 types of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract extraction in cases of sympathetic ophthalmia can be safely and successfully performed with vigilant preoperative and postoperative control of inflammation, careful surgical planning, and meticulous surgical technique. The final visual outcome, however, depends on the posterior segment complications of the disease.     

白内障术后房水一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的动态变化

目的：探讨白内障术后房水一氧化氮（NO）与炎症反应的关系。方法：用新西兰白兔动态观察对照组、晶状体囊外摘出术组（ECCE）和晶状体囊外摘出＋人工晶状体植入术组（ECCE＋IOL）眼内炎症反应及房水一氧化氮合酶（NOS）和NO2－／NO3－的活性。结果：白内障术反应与房水NOS和NO活性呈动态变化，ECCE＋IOL组明显高于ECCE组，且上两组均高于对照组。结论：房水NO的变化与白内障术后眼内炎症反应密切相关。     

Black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation in aphakic eyes with traumatic aniridia and previous pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of secondary black diaphragm intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in aphakic eyes with traumatic aniridia and previous pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). SETTING: Shandong Eye Institute and Hospital, Qingdao, China. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 15 aphakic eyes with aniridia and no vitreous that had implantation of a secondary black diaphragm IOL 6 to 72 months after PPV. The PPV was performed as a result of trauma to the posterior segment. Before implantation of the IOL, all patients had reduced visual acuity from aphakia and intolerable glare from aniridia. Eyes were aphakic as a result of previous extracapsular cataract extraction (1 eye), lens extrusion during trauma (3 eyes), or simultaneous cataract lensectomy during PPV (11 eyes). Significant iris defects were present, with 9 eyes being aniridic after the injury. The mean follow-up was 17 months (range 3 to 34 months). The postoperative visual acuity, intra- ocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density, IOL centration, and intraocular inflammation were monitored. RESULTS: All 15 eyes had improved visual acuity and marked glare reduction after IOL implantation. No major IOL decentration was seen. Five patients had increased IOP 3 to 5 days after IOL implantation; 3 were known to have secondary glaucoma from trauma before surgery and their IOP was controlled preoperatively (< 21 mm Hg) with timolol 0.5% eyedrops. The other 2 patients had normal- appearing angles, and 1 was diagnosed with hemolytic glaucoma after IOL insertion. Postoperative elevated IOP was controlled by timolol eyedrops (4 eyes) or selective laser trabeculoplasty (1 eye). Hyphema was seen in 1 patient on the first day after IOL implantation, but no further bleeding was noted. Vitreous hemorrhage was seen the first day after IOL insertion in 2 patients. One resolved without sequelae; the other required vitreous washout. Retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema did not occur in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Black diaphragm IOL implantation can be considered in eyes with coexisting aphakia and aniridia and without vitreous. Intraoperative IOP regulation is crucial in vitrectomized eyes to prevent complications such as expulsive hemorrhage. In general, visual function was better after IOL insertion as a result of better visual acuity and glare reduction. Although this IOL appears to be safe, long-term results must be assessed in studies with a longer follow-up and a larger study group.     

Prevention of suture knot exposure in posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation by 4-point scleral fixation technique.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The results and complications of posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation by a 4-point scleral fixation technique are described. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty eyes of 47 patients who underwent scleral-fixated IOL implantation were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-one (42%) eyes had a history of trauma and 29 (58%) eyes had previously undergone cataract surgery. In all cases, IOL implantation by 4-point scleral fixation was performed and the knots of fixation sutures were rotated and buried in the globe. The IOL position was adjusted by suture rotation for best centration. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 7 +/- 4 months. Four (8%) eyes had minimal corneal edema preoperatively. Cystoid macular edema was noted in 2 (6.8%) eyes in the cataract surgery group and 8 (38%) eyes in the posttraumatic group. Two (9.5%) eyes in the posttraumatic group had atrophic macular changes and 1 (4.7%) had corneal scarring, which impaired vision. No complications such as knot exposure, tilting of the IOL, decentralization, or endophthalmitis were noted postoperatively. Postoperative mean corrected visual acuity was 0.4 +/- 0.3 in the posttraumatic group and 0.4 +/- 0.2 in the cataract surgery group. CONCLUSION: The 4-point scleral fixation technique resulted in no serious postoperative complications such as suture exposure and endophthalmitis. Because the knot can be rotated and buried in the globe, knot exposure is less likely to occur. This procedure is more effective than other techniques regarding IOL centralization.