Overweight among Kauai first-graders

This 2003 study examined pre-school physical exam data on student health records of Kauai public school first-graders and found that 14.5% were at risk for overweight (between > or =85th and 94th percentile BMI-for-age), and 21.5% were overweight (>95 percentile BMI-for-age). The prevalence of overweight among Kauai students was twice that reported nationally for the same age group.     

Overweight in young Latino children

BACKGROUND: Acculturation status is associated with overweight and obesity among Latino adults, but the relationship between maternal acculturation and overweight in Latino children is inconsistent and has not been adequately studied. METHODS: We analyzed 3-year follow-up data from 185 Latina mothers and children who were recruited at San Francisco General Hospital. Outcome measure was the child's body mass index at age 3 years, adjusted for age and sex and categorized as healthy (<85%) or overweight (> or =85%). Independent variables were maternal acculturation status, child health status, and child nutritional factors. RESULTS: At age 3 years, 43% of children were overweight. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, childhood overweight was associated with maternal acculturation status (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.99, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.07-3.69) and maternal obesity (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.40-9.84). Childhood overweight was also more likely among children who were reported to eat well or very well (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.46-7.58) and children whose weight was perceived as too high (OR 11.88, 95% CI 2.37-59.60), as compared to children who were reported to eat poorly/not well and children whose weight was perceived as normal, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to reduce the high rates of overweight among young Latino children should address the importance of maternal acculturation and obesity as well as maternal perceptions of children's weight and eating habits.     

凌海市小学生超重与肥胖状况调查

目的：了解凌海市小学生超重与肥胖状况及影响,为该市小学生原发性肥胖的防治工作提供理论依据。方法：采用整群抽样法随机抽取凌海市2006和2007年6所小学全部4-6年级学生健康体检资料,综合分析,计算体重指数（BMI）和肺活量指数,应用BMI法筛查超重和肥胖小学生。结果：2006年超重检出率为9.1%,男女检出率分别为11.3%、6.8%;肥胖检出率为8.7%,男女检出率分别为12.3%、4.8%。2007年超重检出率为8.7%,男女检出率分别为11.1%、6.0%;肥胖检出率为9.6%,男女检出率分别为12.8%、6.0%。男生超重和肥胖检出率高于女生。城市超重和肥胖检出率高于农村。超重、肥胖小学生的肺活量高于正常体重小学生,而肺活量指数明显低于正常体重小学生。结论：凌海市男生超重和肥胖检出率的增长趋势较为突出;早期预防和控制小学生肥胖有助于心肺功能的发育。     

Overweight and Obesity——Induced Oxidative Stress in Children

Objective To investigate whether overweight and obesity might cause oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in overweight and obese children, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Eighty-five overweight and obese children （OOC）, and eighty-five age-matched healthy children （HC） were recruited in this case-control study. The present study analyzed spectrophotometrically vitamin C （VC）, vitamin E （VE）, and β-carotene （β-CAR） in plasma, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, and the level of malondialdehyde （MDA） in erythrocytes. Results Compared with those of VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT and MDA in the HC group, the average values of VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, and CAT in the OOC group were significantly decreased （P〈0.001）, while the average value of MDA in the OOC group was significantly increased （P〈0.001）. The regression analysis demonstrated that VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, and CAT were negatively correlated （P〈0.05-0.01）, and MDA was positively correlated with BMI （P〈0.05）. Fitting to the model of multiple stepwise regression of BMI on VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT, and MDA in 85 OOC was Y = 27.0041 ＋ 0,2541MDA - 2.1448β-CAR -- 0.0090CAr, where F = 43.8088, P〈0.001, r = 0.7866, r^2= 0.6187, adjusted r^2= 0.6046. The findings from the reliability analysis for VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT, and MDA used to reflect increased oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the OOC showed that the reliability coefficients （alpha, 6 items） = 0.7231, P〈0.0001, and that the standardized item alpha = 0.9207, P〈0.0001, Conclusion The present study suggests that there exists an increased oxidative stress in overweight and obese children.     

左旋肉碱在超重2型糖尿病病人中的作用

【目的】观察左旋肉碱对超重 2型糖尿病病人体脂、血脂和血糖调节等作用。【方法】随机双盲对照以 5 0例 2型糖尿病病人随机进入左旋肉碱治疗组 (用药组 )或安慰剂组 (对照组 ) ,左旋肉碱用量为每日 3g,连服 3个月。【结果】　用药组病人总体脂肪百分数从治疗前 35 4%± 7 1%降至 32 9%± 6 9% (P <0 0 1) ,躯干脂肪百分数从 33 2 %± 6 7%降至 31 8%± 6 3% (P <0 0 1) ,腹围 /臀围比从 0 99± 0 18降到 0 95± 0 16 (P <0 0 1) ,血清甘油三酯从治疗前 (4 0± 1 6 )mmol/L降至(2 6± 1 2 )mmol/L(P <0 0 5 ) ,血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及其亚型、载脂蛋白、血糖、血清胰岛素水平及胰岛素敏感性在治疗前后无变化。对照组未见相应改变。【结论】左旋肉碱可促进超重 2型糖尿病病人脂肪代谢 ,增加脂肪组织的利用特别是腹部脂肪 ,并能降低血清甘油三酯水平 ,从而可能有助于防治动脉粥样硬化。     

中医药治疗超重的研究进展

肥胖是引起许多慢性疾病的重要因素,近年来超重的比例上升很快。认识超重治疗的重要性,发挥中医药对超重的治疗作用。     

高血压病超重因素的异质性分析

目的 探讨在高血压患病风险评估研究中超重(BMI≥25)因素的异质性来源.方法 对检索的文献进行异质性分析,对"研究时间、男女比、平均年龄、样本量、病例对照比、研究地区经度、研究地区纬度"等因素分别进行单因素和多因素Meta回归分析,筛选出导致异质性出现的重要因素,并对这些有意义的因素进行亚组分析.结果 纳人文献存在明显的异质性(P<0.05),单因素和多因素Meta回归分析提示,文献异质性来源于"样本量"、"平均年龄"、"研究地区纬度位置"(P<0.05),经过亚组分析后异质性明显减小.结论 大样本研究能使相关研究结果可信度更高,而超重异质性主要来源于研究人群的年龄及地域的差异性,所以对于缺乏基线数据的地区,应积极开展当地的大样本多因素研究.     

体脂分布类型与脂肪肝的关系探讨

目的探讨体脂分布类型与脂肪肝之间的关系。方法对随机抽样的2120例人群进行身高、体重、腰围(WC)的测量,并计算体重指数(BMI),根据WC和BMI将体脂分布类型划分为外周型非超重组(Ⅰ组),中心型非超重组(Ⅱ组),外周型超重组(Ⅲ组),中心型超重组(Ⅳ组),研究各组间脂肪肝的发病情况。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组脂肪肝检出率依次3.9％、12.1％、18.1％、58.4％,各组间差异显著。结论脂肪肝与体脂分布类型密切相关,应加强对超重及体脂呈中心分布人群的教育,以减少脂肪肝的发生。     

中国儿童超重现状及与家庭社会经济特征的相关性研究

目的 探讨中国儿童超重流行现状及与家庭社会经济特征的关系。方法 利用1991~2009年中国健康与营养调查数据,以7~17岁儿童为研究对象,分别采用中国学龄儿童青少年超重和肥胖标准以及国际肥胖工作组标准衡量儿童超重,应用多重线性回归模型和logistic回归模型讨论家庭社会经济特征与儿童超重的相关关系。结果 1991~2009年间,家庭人均收入与儿童超重率均增长了3倍。多重线性回归结果提示收入可促进体质量指数（BMI）增长。Logistic回归结果提示,高收入家庭的儿童更容易发生超重,其次为中等收入家庭的儿童,低收入家庭儿童发生超重的危险性为高收入家庭的0.490（95%可信区间:0.266,0.904）。结论 家庭收入是儿童超重的危险因素,采取家庭干预措施将有助于预防和控制儿童超重。     

成年后肥胖和超重与母乳喂养的关系

目的 探讨母乳喂养与成年后肥胖和超重的关系.方法 选择哈尔滨市35～45岁符合标准的健康居民768人,以体质指数(BMI)作为肥胖和超重的判定标准,观察成年后肥胖和超重与母乳喂养的关系.结果 不同哺乳方式居民的肥胖发生率间差异无统计学意义(P=0.071);超重发生率间差异有统计学意义(P=0.005),非母乳和纯母乳喂养间差异有统计学意义(P=0.012).非母乳喂养居民和母乳喂养居民(纯母乳喂养 混合母乳喂养)肥胖、超重发生率间差异均有统计学意义(P=0.022、0.021).不同母乳喂养时间者肥胖和超重发生率间差异无统计学意义(P=0.271、0.974).在影响成人肥胖的各种因素中,母乳喂养可使成年后肥胖的危险性降低18.4%,出生体质量、母亲BMI和能量撮入水平为危险因素,可使肥胖的危险性分别增加到1.516、1.922和1.738倍.结论 母乳喂养对于成人肥胖和超重的发生具有一定预防作用.     

Overweight and obesity in Mississippi: a growing problem

The difficulties, complexities, hazards, and failures of treatment for overweight and obesity argue strongly for an approach that prevents excessive weight gain. The prevalence and trends data support a preventive approach beginning in childhood and adolescence but also targeting college-age students and young adults: the prevalence of overweight is already high (30%) in adolescents prevalence rates increase markedly in the college years (compare the rates in the 18-24 and 25-34 year old age groups with the rates in the older age groups) the greatest average increase in prevalence rates over the period 1990-99 has been in the 18-24 and 25-34 year old age groups (data not shown).     

维持性血液透析患者间期体重增长过多的临床护理

维持性血液透析患者透析间期体重增长过多可造成高血压、心衰甚至急性肺水肿死亡,也是导致透析不充分的一个主要因素,长期就可造成体内毒素蓄积,产生尿毒症综合征,波及各个器官系统,如皮肤、神经、胃肠、心血管、血液、内分泌、免疫和肾性骨营养不良[1],所以透析患者透析间期体重增长过多是每个血液净化中心面临的棘手问题,也是每个透     

超重与肥胖对血脂和血压的影响

对首都医科大学４５９ 例教职工的身高、体质量、血压、血脂和血糖的监测显示：男女血清总胆固醇（ Ｔ Ｃ） 、三酰甘油（ Ｔ Ｇ） 水平随年龄增长而增加;随着体质量指数（ Ｂ Ｍ Ｉ） 的增加,血脂、血压水平明显增高,高脂血症、高血压发病率明显增加。多元逐步回归分析显示,抽测人群年龄在女性为 Ｔ Ｃ、 Ｔ Ｇ 独立的影响因素, Ｂ Ｍ Ｉ为 Ｔ Ｇ 独立的因素。提示中老年人应重视体质量的控制。     

轻断食模式对超重者代谢作用的影响研究

背景　肥胖可增加多种慢性病的发生风险,饮食干预是防治肥胖的重要措施之一,其中轻断食模式可能是防治肥胖的一条新途径。但既往研究样本量较小,关于作用机制和量效关系的分析不足,尚不能提供充分的科学依据。目的　探讨轻断食模式对超重者代谢作用的影响。方法　2016年12月-2017年1月,选取在天津海滨医院接受体检的某企业员工86例进行轻断食模式干预,均为初次检出超重者（BMI≥24.0 kg/m2）。轻断食模式干预方法为：每周中不连续的2 d每日只摄入600 kcal能量,余5 d根据个人饮食习惯自由饮食,干预时间为60 d。分别于干预实施前1日和干预周期最后1日,检测受试者代谢相关指标。结果　80例超重者按要求完成了轻断食模式干预。干预后受试者舒张压、体质量、体脂百分比低于干预前（P<0.05）,收缩压、心率与干预前无差异（P>0.05）。干预后受试者低密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于干预前（P<0.05）,总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与干预前无差异（P>0.05）。干预后受试者果糖胺、糖化血红蛋白低于干预前（P<0.05）。糖耐量试验显示,干预后受试者空腹血糖与干预前无差异（P>0.05）,餐后1 h血糖、餐后2 h血糖低于干预前（P<0.05）。胰岛素释放试验显示,干预后受试者空腹胰岛素低于干预前（P<0.05）,餐后1 h胰岛素、餐后2 h胰岛素与干预前无差异（P>0.05）。结论　轻断食模式是超重者减重的有效方法,可以明显改善超重者的机体应激状态,提高胰岛素敏感性、降低餐后血糖,有助于减少超重相关并发症的发生。