Anomalous inferior vena cava with idiopathic thrombosis simulating a mass

The author presents a case of a mass seen on computed tomography. Initial appearance suggested a tumor but, because of the overlap of the vascular anatomy, the benign nature of the anomalous vessel could not be assured. Surgical intervention was, therefore, necessary.     

镰刀综合征合并下腔静脉肝段缺如1例

患儿女,4岁,因"心脏杂音3年余"入院。入院查体:心尖搏动位置在右锁骨中线4肋间、胸骨右缘2～3肋间隙可闻及轻微机器样杂音。超声心动图:心脏位于胸腔偏右,心尖朝正中,左心房、左心室增大,肺动脉与降主动脉间见长约0.7cm、宽约0.4cm管状结构相通,其内见左向右分流血流信号及收缩期为主的双期血流频谱(图1),收缩期速度约4.2m/s。诊断:动脉导管未闭(管型,左向右分流),心脏右移,左心房、左心室增大;肺动脉增宽。心血管造影诊断:先天性心脏病:动脉导管未     

下腔静脉滤器置入应用于下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床分析

目的 探讨下腔静脉滤器(VCF)置入联合抗凝溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的效果及防治肺动脉栓塞的意义.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年9月我院收治的DVT患者115例,选择27例适合行VCF置入的患者,在数字减影血管造影术下行VCF置入,术后给予溶栓、抗凝等治疗.结果 27例患者下腔静脉内均成功置入VCF,经溶栓、抗凝后患肢肿胀明显消退,术后无肺栓塞及滤器置入相关并发症发生.结论 VCF置人联合抗凝溶栓治疗DVT疗效好且安全,VCF置入可有效预防下肢深静脉血栓患者肺栓塞的发生.     

Interrupted inferior vena cava and left-sided subrenal inferior vena cava: prenatal diagnosis.

An interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) and a left-sided subrenal (postrenal) IVC with azygos or hemiazygos continuation are very rare anomalies of the IVC. The prenatal sonographic and color Doppler features of these anomalies are reported here.     

Fatal tumor thrombosis due to an inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma in a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

We describe a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) who died because of relentless inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombosis due to an unsuspected leiomyosarcoma. Laboratory confirmation for APS was provided by functional identification of a lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin IgG and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I IgM antibodies. Although sensitive for detecting vascular obstruction, radiocontrast venography and magnetic resonance imaging and angiography detected the IVC thrombosis but failed to distinguish its malignant nature. Concomitant refractory thrombocytopenia prevented further invasive diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers for progressive, severe IVC thrombosis unresponsive to aggressive treatment of APS. Deep venous thrombosis refractory to anticoagulant and immunomodulatory therapies in a patient with APS may be due to a concomitant underlying malignancy, such as a leiomyosarcoma, causing vascular obstruction.     

Hepatic and inferior vena caval thrombosis: vascular complication of amebic liver abscess

Although amebic liver abscess is a common disease, it is a rare cause of venous thrombosis. Computed tomography (CT) scan is an ideal tool for diagnosing the various complications associated with liver abscess. We describe a case of amebic liver abscess in a patient who developed a rare vascular complication of hepatic vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis.     

Surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis in inferior vena cava: A case report

BACKGROUNDHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accompanied by a tumor thrombus is very common. However, the treatment strategy is controversial and varies by the location of the thrombus.CASE SUMMARYWe report herein a case of HCC with a tumor thrombus in the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), which was successfully treated by hepatectomy combined with thrombectomy following sorafenib chemotherapy. A 47-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis was diagnosed with HCC. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed that the tumor lesion was located in the right half of the liver, and a tumor thrombus was detected in the suprahepatic IVC near the right atrium. After multi-departmental discussion and patient informed consent, right major hepatectomy and total removal of the tumor thrombus were successfully performed under cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no serious complications after surgery. Following sorafenib treatment, no recurrence has been detected so far (11 mo later).CONCLUSIONSurgical treatment followed by adjuvant sorafenib therapy might be an acceptable choice for HCC patients with tumor thrombosis in the IVC.     

Embryologic and acquired anomalies of the inferior vena cava with recurrent deep vein thrombosis

Anomalies of the inferior vena cava theoretically favor venous stasis and development of deep vein thrombosis. We report two cases of repeated deep vein thrombosis in patients with embryologic and acquired anomalies of the inferior vena cava, in which hypercoagulability syndrome was ruled out.     

Successful treatment of massive thrombosis of the vena cava inferior with nephrotic syndrome and chronic bilateral pulmonary artery thromboembolism in a patient with genetic thrombophilia

A case is reported of a 23-year-old male patient who developed, after severe blunt injury of the lumbar region, massive thrombosis of the vena cava inferior (VCI), both renal veins, bilateral pulmonary artery thromboembolism (PATE), nephrotic syndrome (NS). In spite of anticoagulant therapy, the condition of the patient progressively aggravated for 1.5 year: thrombosis involved the ileac and femoral arteries on the right, thrombus floated in the right atrium with PATE recurrent episodes, pulmonary hypertension reached 120 mm Hg with formation of decompensated cor pulmnonale, proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia deteriorated, anasarca edema developed Multigenic thrombophilia was diagnosed (1 homozygous and 5 heterozygous mutations). A radical one-stage operation was successful: thromboectomy from the VCI, right ileac and left renal veins, thrombendarterectomy from the pulmonary arteries, suture of the interatrial septum defect, installation of cava-filter After the operation pulmonary pressure lowered to 40-45 mm Hg, right heart volume normalized, immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone and cyclosporine led to nephropathy remission. The discussion covers mechanisms and factors (including genetic) of thrombosis progression, correlations between intravascular thrombosis, NS and chronic glomerulonephritis (possible NS development due to bilateral thrombosis of the renal veins and nephropathy role in thrombosis progression), approaches to conservative and surgical treatment of such patients. Global experience in conduction of pulmonary thrombendarterectomy and thrombectomy from VCI is reviewed (one-stage operations were not described earlier).     

肝细胞癌致下腔静脉急性血栓1例

患者男,65岁,上腹饱胀,隐痛1个月余.曾有乙肝病史.院外B超提示肝内占位.CT示肝右后叶见一低密度肿块影,CT值35 Hu,外侧见一小低密度影,边缘清,且病灶内见多层面、多灶、多形态更低密度区(图1),CT值23 Hu,病变边缘欠清,推挤该侧肾脏及下腔静脉向下向内移位,门静脉右支增宽,其内未见明显低密度血栓影,下腔静脉肝外段见腔内一长约7 cm的高密度影(图2),CT值75 Hu,胆囊内密度均匀,其壁增厚,胆总管无扩张,脾脏增大,脾脏实质密度均匀.右侧膈下见低密度腹水影.     

机械性血栓清除术治疗下腔静脉滤器相关血栓的疗效评价

目的:评价机械性血栓清除术(PMT)治疗下腔静脉滤器相关血栓的临床有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月一2019年3月14例下腔静脉滤器置入术后12~14d出现下腔静脉滤器相关血栓的患者,比较PMT前后红细胞及肾功能变化,有无症状性肺栓塞以及PMT的血栓清除效果,是否成功回收滤器及有无下腔静脉损伤。结果:PMT前后红细胞及肾功能水平改变无统计学意义,均无症状性肺栓塞发生,PMT后血栓清除Ⅲ级12例(85.71%),Ⅱ级2例(14.29%)联合应用CDT治疗后血栓清除达Ⅲ级,所有患者均成功回收滤器,无下腔静脉损伤发生。结论:PMT可安全、有效的清除下腔静脉滤器相关血栓,从而提高滤器回收的成功率。     

Compression of left inferior vena cava: a form of nutcracker syndrome

Left renal vein hypertension has been described in the literature as a cause of persistent hematuria. We report a case of nutcracker syndrome with hematuria involving the left inferior vena cava diagnosed with Doppler sonography and MRI.     

Manual aspiration thrombectomy for acute and subacute inferior vena cava thrombosis and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can lead to pulmonary embolism (PE), is a major contributor to the global disease burden and is the third most common cardiovascular pathology after coronary artery disease and stroke. Venous thromboembolic disease, which encompasses the disease entities of DVT and PE, affects up to 10 million cases every year and represents a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Standard anticoagulation therapy alone is ineffective at promoting deep venous system thrombus removal. Many patients develop postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) despite being on adequate anticoagulation therapy. Aggressive therapy for rapid thrombus removal is important to prevent the development of PTS. Besides impeding the onset of PTS, rapid clearance of the thrombus is also required in the treatment of phlegmasia cerulea dolens, an uncommon but life-threatening complication of acute DVT that can lead to arterial insufficiency, compartment syndrome, venous gangrene, and limb amputation. Manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT) can provide rapid and effective therapy that could be compared to the open surgical thrombectomy approach with minimal risk of morbidity, mortality, or recurrence after surgery. Though many devices have been developed to date for pharmacomechanical thrombolysis, the cost of the treatment using these devices is very expensive. MAT is simple to perform, easy to learn, inexpensive, and rapid. This review will outline and dissect several studies and case reports, sourced from the PubMed database, on the subject of the use of MAT in treating inferior vena cava thrombosis and lower extremity DVT, including in patients with compression of the iliac vein and phlegmasia cerulea dolens.     

Nutcracker syndrome in a patient with a history of inferior vena cava ligation

We report the case of a child with clinical and radiological signs of nutcracker syndrome who had a history of inferior vena cava ligation during a previous surgery. He was referred for evaluation of abdominal pain and hematuria. Entrapment of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta with aneurysmal dilatation was detected on Doppler ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed paravertebral and epidural collateral vessels.     

Polysplenia syndrome: A case associated with transhepatic portal vein,short pancreas,and left inferior vena cava with hemiazygous continuation

This paper presents a 57-year-old asymptomatic patient with the polysplenia syndrome with abdominal manifestations. In addition to multiple spleens, the abdominal findings included a left inferior vena cava with hemiazygous continuation, a striking portal anomaly with the portal vein following an intraperitoneal-left transhepatic route to reach the porta hepatis, and a congenially short pancreas.     

Retrievable inferior vena cava filter to prevent pulmonary embolism in patients with fractures and deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities: a single-center experience

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of inserting a retrievable inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with bone fractures and acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) before major orthopedic surgery.MethodsClinical data of patients with fractures and acute DVT who underwent IVCF insertion were analyzed. The patients were divided into above-knee DVT (AKDVT), popliteal vein thrombosis (PVT), and below-knee DVT (BKDVT) groups.ResultsAn IVCF was successfully implanted in 964 patients, among whom 929 were followed up (335, 470, and 124 in AKDVT, PVT, and BKDVT groups, respectively). There was no significant difference in the incidence of filter thrombosis among the groups (11.04%, 11.70%, and 8.06%, respectively). No symptomatic PE occurred during follow-up. The mean filter indwelling time was 18.4 ± 4.3 days, and the total filter removal rate was 76.87%. There was no significant difference in the rate of filter implantation, retrieval, complications, or mortality among the groups.ConclusionsRetrievable filters can effectively prevent PE before orthopedic surgery in patients with fractures and acute DVT of the lower limbs. AKDVT more readily forms a ≥1-cm thrombus in the IVCF than does BKDVT, and PVT more readily forms a <1-cm thrombus than does AKDVT.