月桂氮Zhuo酮的合成

在固－液相转移催化条件下，以固体氢氧化钠－碳酸钾为缩合剂，ＴＢＡＢ为催化剂，石油醚（６０－９０）℃作溶剂，合成月桂氮Ｚｈｕｏ酮。结果：月桂氮Ｚｈｕｏ酮收率高达９３．５％，提示：该方法操作简便、收率高、成本低，减少了环境污染，有利于工业化生产。     

N—苯基四氟邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成

目的 以四氯苯酐为原料,经缩合,氟化合成重要中间体－Ｎ－苯基四氟邻苯二甲酰亚胺。方法 采用氟化钾为氟化剂,研究了氟化反应过程中相转移催化剂、溶剂、反应时间对氟化物转化率和产率的影响。结果 以ＤＭＦ为溶剂,加入相转移催化剂ＰＥＧ－６０００,反应时间８ｈ,温度控制在１５０℃,收率可达８６％,结论 该反应条件温和,适用于工业化生产。     

月桂氮罩酮的合成

在固液相转移催化条件下，以固体氢氧化钠碳酸钾为缩合剂，ＴＢＡＢ为催化剂，石油醚（６０～９０℃）作溶剂，合成月桂氮罩酮。结果：月桂氮罩酮收率高达９３５％，提示：该方法操作简便、收率高、成本低、减少了环境污染，有利于工业化生产。     

月桂氮酮对氢酯乳膏透皮释放的影响

目的：探讨月桂氮酮地氢酯透皮释放作用的影响,拟定月桂氮酮最适浓度。方法：采用离体鼠皮及简单小室装置,紫外分光光度法测定氢酯浓度;各时间点累积透皮释放率,用三次抛物线拟合程序拟定月虽适浓度。结果：含２％、３％、５％氮酮的氢醌 乳膏,其氢醌的累积透皮释放率显著增加,最适浓度为（２．４９±０．２９）％。结论：月桂氮酮对氢酯乳膏透皮释放有促进作用,以２．５％氮酮浓度为宜。     

促进剂对马来酸噻吗洛尔经皮渗透的影响

建立了马来酸噻吗洛尔体外离体经皮释放检测方法,筛选了几种典型渗透促进剂：月桂氮酮（Ａｚｏｎｅ）、１,２－丙二醇、油酸、α－吡咯烷酮,对促进剂的选择、配伍、配比、作用浓度及作用部位进行了研究,确定了Ａｚｏｎｅ与１,２－丙二醇以１：３的比例配伍,Ａｚｏｎｅ在马来酸噻吗洛尔膜剂中作用的最佳浓度为３％,Ａｚｏｎｅ与１,２－丙二醇的作用部位在角质层。     

用相转移催化反应合成氮酮

采用相转移催化反应,以氯化三辛甲铵为相转移催化剂合成了氮酮.经质谱、红外光谱、核磁、共振薄层层析等手段证实其结构.     

促渗剂对水合胼胝类脂热转变影响的差示扫描热分析研究

从人胼胝组织提取出类脂经水合后代替人皮肤角质层用作差示扫描热分析研究促渗剂作用的简单模型。研究了１,８－桉油精,月桂氮酮和丙二醇等促渗剂对水合胼胝类脂热转变特征的影响。三种促渗剂均不同程度地降低水合胼胝类脂的热变温度,作用强弱依次为１,８－桉油精＞月桂氮酮＞丙二醇。丙二醇与１,８－桉油精或月桂氮酮混合应用时对热转变的影响具有协同作用。结果提示促渗剂可能改变脂质分子的排列和增加其流动性。同时,水的存在对脂质分子物理结构的形成具有重要作用。     

N－烃基化全氢均三嗪二酮的合成

方法：在相转移催化条件下，以等体积的ＣＨ_３ＣＮ和ＤＭＦ为混合溶剂，对全氢均三嗪二酮（ＤＨＴ）进行Ｎ－烃基化，合成Ｎ，Ｎ’，Ｎ”－三苄基ＤＨＴ和Ｎ，Ｎ’，Ｎ”三（２，６－二硝基－４－三氟甲苯基）ＤＨＴ。结果：反应的收率达７０％。     

月桂氮酮对氢醌乳膏透皮释放的影响

目的 :探讨月桂氮酮对氢醌透皮释放作用的影响 ,拟定月桂氮酮最适浓度。方法 :采用离体鼠皮及简单小室装置 ;紫外分光光度法测定氢醌浓度 ;各时间点累积透皮释放率 ,用三次抛物线拟合程序拟定月桂氮酮是适浓度。结果 :含 2 %、3%、5 %氮酮的氢醌乳膏 ,其氢醌的累积透皮释放率显著增加 (p <0 0 1) ,最适浓度为 (2 49± 0 2 9) %。结论 :月桂氮酮对氢醌乳膏透皮释放有促进作用 ,以 2 5 %氮酮浓度为宜     

由间二氯苯合成2,4—二氟苯胺

以间二氯苯为原料，经硝化、氟代及还原反应合成２，４－二氟苯胺。探索了各步反应的工艺条件，对提高收率难度较大的氟代反应，研究了使用季铵盐类相转移催化剂时原料配比、反应温度及时间与收率之间的关系，并得到了较好的结果。硝化反应收率达９７％，氟代７０％，还原８９％。与其它方法相比，产品总收率由２２％～５０％提高到６０％以上，从而使文题所示的合成路线成为技术、经济上可行的方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.